The End of the Suburbs: Where the American Dream Is Moving (31 page)

Industrialization, 28–29

Inland Empire, California, 46, 73, 95, 192

I’On, South Carolina, 121

Jackson, Kenneth T., 10, 27, 34, 91, 104, 110, 179

Jackson, Richard, 87, 89, 90

Jacobs, Jane, 23, 47–49, 119, 175

JCPenney, 172–73

Jersey City, New Jersey, 193

Jobs, Steve, 93, 116–17

Kahneman, Daniel, 97

Kannan, Shyam, 198

Kasarda, John, 166

Katz, Bruce, 75–76, 203, 207

Keats, John, 38

Keenan, Linda Erin, 91–92

Kentlands, Maryland, 121–25, 131

Kirr, Joy, 51

Klinenberg, Eric, 146

Kneebone, Elizabeth, 177

Kotkin, Joel, 193

Krier, Léon, 116

Krueger, Alan, 97

Kunstler, James Howard, 105–6, 189, 195

on future of suburbs, 206

suburbia, negative view of, 22–23, 52

Lake Forest, Illinois, 41

Lakelands, Maryland, 121

Lakewood, California, 38

Land.
See also
Farmland

Buffalo Commons concept, 184

Lang, Robert E., 204

Las Vegas

housing bust in, 72, 73–74

Zappos relocation to, 174–77

Lawrenceville, Pittsburgh, 202

Le Corbusier, 119

Lee, Annette, 85–86, 194

Leinberger, Christopher, 38, 64, 81–82, 130, 131, 135, 188

on housing market location, 199

reactions to ideas of, 195

on suburban development, 38

Lennar Corporation, 156

Levitt, William, 37

Levittown, 37, 43, 46, 65

Libertyville, Illinois, 140–41

LifeEdited, 22, 138–39, 159

Lifestyle centers, 127–28, 132

Lind, Diana, 208

Lindsay, Greg, 166

“Little Boxes” (song), 39

Littledigs.com, 138

Live/work spaces, 122

Living alone, rise of, 146

Llewellyn Park, West Orange, New Jersey, 31

Location-efficient mortgages, 101–3, 206

LoDo, Denver, 168

Loneliness of suburbanites, 91–92, 125, 132–33

Long Beach, California, 63

Lopez, Russ, 45–46

Loudoun County, Virginia, 13, 68

Lower East Side, New York City, 29

Lowe’s, 45

Lucy, William, 160–61, 199–200, 210

McGirr, Lisa, 179

McIlwain, John, 209

McLinden, John, 7, 140, 141–42, 200–201

McLives, 139–140

McMahon, Bob, 133

McMansions, 69–71, 136, 205

Malls.
See
Shopping malls

Mangiamele, Paul M., 182

Mansueto, Joe, 173

Marohn, Charles, 53–61

background information, 53–56

on codes and standards, 63

on housing boom/bust, 74

Ponzi scheme, suburban development as, 58–60, 77–78

Strong Towns/Curbside Chat, 56–58

on suburban prosperity myth, 65, 207

Marriage

average age of, 146

decline in rate of, 145–46

Mass-produced communities, 37–38, 46, 70

Matthews, Anne, 184

May, William, 154

Media, Pennsylvania, 10–13, 133, 201–2

Meeks, Rachel, 108

Melman, Stephen, 138

MetroWest, Washington, DC, 128

Meyer, Deborah, 128, 145

Millennials

birth years of, 19

cities, preference for, 19–20, 157–59

delayed adulthood of, 152–54

driver’s license decline among, 20

in “first ring” suburbs, 202–3

as Generation Rent, 158

home-related needs of, 157–59

impact on housing market, 155–59

living with parents, 152–55

Miller, Nicole, 154, 161

Minimalism, post-Recession mentality, 138–140

Model T, 32, 82

Morristown, New Jersey, 128–29, 203

Mortgages

cheap, and housing boom (2000s), 66, 69, 71

deduction, negative aspects of, 74–76

foreclosures and housing bust, 73–74

historical view, 35, 40, 61

interest tax deduction, 35, 61, 74–75

location-efficient mortgages, 101–3, 206

Moses, Robert, 47

Multifamily construction, 6, 16, 18, 198

Multigenerational homes, 156–57

Mumford, Lewis, 27, 33, 46, 48

My Favorite, 144

Narberth, Pennsylvania, 134–35, 171

National Association of Home Builders (NAHB), 39

National Homeownership Day, 65

National Homeownership Strategy, 66

Neighborhood Market, 18, 172

Neighborhood satisfaction, 91

Nelson, Arthur C., 20, 60, 159, 204

Newgeography.com, 193

Newtown Station, Pennsylvania, 129

New Urbanism, 113–142.
See also
Duany, Andres; Walkable communities

communities based on, 116–18, 120–28, 140–42

Congress for New Urbanism, 52, 113–15

critics and criticism of, 125–26

design elements, 116, 119–120, 122–25, 129, 134, 136–37

founders of, 19, 40

goals and principles of, 51–52, 113, 119–120, 123–25, 130

housing variations, importance of, 124

Kentlands, Maryland, example, 121–25, 131

roots of, 114–15

traditional builders’ adoption of, 127–130, 135–38, 140–42, 198–99

New York City

car independence in, 133

corporation relocations to, 173

decline (1970s), 44

developments by suburban developers, 16, 18, 163–66, 172, 190

early suburbs of, 29–30

obesity, low rate, 87–88

renewal and growth (2011), 168–69, 172

sports stadiums in, 176–77

young families’ preference for, 151–52

Next Gen homes, 156

Nicholas, Leon, 172

Norquist, John, 140

Northside Piers, Brooklyn, 164

NorthWest Crossing, Oregon, 120

Norton Commons, Kentucky, 120

Not So Big franchise, 137, 139–140, 141

Obesity, and automobile dependence, 86–89

Oil prices

commuting costs, 5–6, 21, 99–101

Europe, 104

future view, 104–7

increase (2000–2008), 103

Older adults.
See
Aging population

Olmsted, Frederick Law, 31

One Ten Third, New York City, 165

Orange County, California, 45

Palo Alto, California, 41

Parents and parenting.
See
Families

Parking spaces, 63

Park Slope, Brooklyn, 121

Pedestrians.
See
Walking and pedestrians

Pensacola Parking Syndrome, 63

Perry, Clarence, 32–33, 41, 120

Petco Park, 176

PetSmart, 18

Philadelphia, corporation relocations to, 173

Plater-Zyberk, Elizabeth, 52, 115–16

Poconos, Pennsylvania, 68–69, 189

Ponzi scheme, suburban development as, 58–60, 77–78

Poole, Vicky, 180

Popper, Deborah, 183–85

Popper, Frank, 183–85

Population

birth rate decline (2011), 144, 158

depopulation of suburbs, 185–87

family size decrease, 5, 19, 144–47

shifting demands, housing uncertainty, 159–160

suburban, size of, 4, 8–9

urban versus suburban residents, census data, 14–15

Porches, in walkable communities, 116, 120, 123, 136, 140, 141

Portland, Oregon, 16

Portzamparc, Christian de, 165

Poverty, in suburbs, 16–17, 177–79

Pulte Homes, 128

Putnam, Robert, 42, 97–98

Radburn, New Jersey, 33

Railroads, 30–31

Ralston, Aron, 1–3, 25, 197

Realen Homes, 135

Redlining, 42–43

Reinbold, Maribeth, 95–97

Rentals

millennials’ preference for, 158

of repossessed homes, 186–87

Restaurants, suburban, decline of, 182

Retailers.
See
Big-box stores

Reynolds, Malvina, 39

Ridgecrest, California, 13

Riverside, Chicago, 31, 33

Road rage, 99

Roads

highways, expansion of, 34, 62

suburban, dangers of, 82–85

Robert Charles Lesser & Co., 38, 157, 198

Rose, Jonathan, 16, 203

Roseman, Diane, suburban experience of, 79–82, 84–85, 89–90, 92, 95, 111–12, 150

Rubin, Jeff, 105

St. Louis, renewal and growth (2011), 168

Salmon, Felix, 45

San Francisco, corporation relocations to, 173–74

San Mateo, California, 41

Schools

declining enrollments, 147, 150

suburban, 23–24

School Street, Illinois, 140–41, 200–201

Seaside, Florida, 116, 120, 135, 140

Sellers, Pattie, 88

Servicemen’s Readjustment Act (1944), 35

Shea Homes, 6

Sherman, Sam, 117–18, 140, 210

Shiller, Robert, 8

Shopping malls

decline/vacancies, 180

emergence of, 44–45

retrofitting as communities, 180–81

Single-use zoning, 39–42, 63

Small-home movement, 138–140, 159

Small House Society, 138

Smart Growth America, 46

Smoke, Jonathan, 24, 157, 160, 210

Social interaction

commuting problem, 97–98

loneliness of suburbanites, 91–92, 132–33

in walkable communities, 116, 120, 123, 134, 136, 140, 141

walking, benefits for, 92–93

Speck, Jeff, 83, 118

Spitz, Steven, 79–80, 112

Sports stadiums, in cities, 176–77

Sprawl

anti-sprawl movement.
See
New Urbanism; Walkable communities

and automobile dependence, 82

excessive costs of, 60

history of, 45–46

Stapleton, Colorado, 120–21

Stein, Clarence, 33

Steiner, Christopher, 104

Sterling, Kira, 156

Steuteville, Rob, 120

Streetcars, electric, 30–31

StreetScape Development, 141

Strong Towns, 56–58

Suburbani
, 27

Suburbs

aging population in, 143–45, 147–150

and American Dream, 9–12, 25, 36, 61, 64–69

as bedroom communities, 4, 31, 68

children, decline of population in, 145–47

commuting issue, 5–6, 13, 21

“coolest” (2010), 201–2

critics and criticism of.
See
Critics of suburbia

depopulation, approaches to, 185–87

design issues, 22

with downtown areas, 15–16

drivable, 199

end, meaning of, 7–8, 14, 23, 189

energy consumption excess in, 21–22

“first ring,” 202–3

historical view.
See
History of suburbia

home-building bust, 4, 16, 182

home value decline in, 15–16, 21

malls/big-box store decline, 18

millennials-parents living together, 152–55

population, size in, 4, 8–9

population halt in, 14

positive aspects of, 48–49

post–World War II expansion, 76

poverty in, 16–17, 177–79

proponents of, 23–24, 62–63, 193–96

shopping malls, 44–45, 180–81

surplus of homes, future view, 159–160

trends impacting, 5–8, 14–22

urbanized suburbs.
See
New Urbanism; Walkable communities

varieties of, 9, 13, 15–16

Suburbs, The
(album), 51, 79

Suburgatory
(TV series), 91

Susanka, Sarah, 137, 139–140

Swank, Larry, 7

Target, 18, 172

Taxation

mortgage interest deduction, 35, 61, 74–75

property, limitations for community, 58–59

Taylor, Kate, 51

Thompson, Boyce, 6

Tinyhouseblog.com, 138

Tiny House movement, 138

Toll, Bob, 68–70

Toll Brothers

future projects, 198, 207–8

outer suburban development by, 68–69

urban developments by, 6, 18, 23, 163–66, 172, 190

walkable community by, 129

Top Tier Towns, 204

Touraine, New York City, 164–65

Tragedy of the Commons, The
(Whitney), 59

Transit-oriented development, 19

Transportation

automobile dependence.
See
Automobiles; Commuting

costs, and household budget, 100–101

mode split, 82

and suburban development, 29–34, 62

Treehugger.com, 139

Tribeca, New York City, 17, 151, 169

Tucker, Raymond, 48

Tumlin, Jeffrey, 93

Twitter, 51

Unleashed (store), 18

Ur (Mesopotamia), 27

Urbanized suburbs.
See
New Urbanism; Walkable communities

Urban Land Institute, 39

Village at Leesburg, Virginia, 129

Vogel, Neil, 130

Walkable communities, 121–135.
See also
New Urbanism

communities, listing of, 116–18, 121–25, 140–42, 200–201

design elements, 116, 119–120, 122–25, 129, 134, 136–37

driving options in, 133–34

free time as bonus, 133, 170–71

home value increase in, 111, 130–32

as market of future, 25–26, 130, 142

millennials’ preference for, 157–59

New Urbanism communities, 128

obesity, lack of, 89

older suburb transformations, 128–29

retrofitted shopping malls as, 180–81

social interaction elements, 116, 120, 123, 134, 136, 140, 141

supply/demand factors, 135, 141, 199

walkability factors, 132

Walkable Urban Places (WalkUPs), 130

Walk Score, 109, 132

Walking and pedestrians

accidents and suburbs, 84–85

health benefits, 93–94

interactions during, benefits of, 92–93

Walmart, 18, 172

Washington, DC, renewal and growth (2011), 167–68

Watkins, Michael, 123

Wealth, rise in cities, 17–18, 163–177, 187–88

Westborough, Massachusetts, 79–81, 112

Westchester County, New York, 30, 74, 149

West Village, New York City, 133

Wheeler, Richard S., 184

Wheelz, 108

Whelan, Robbie, 183

Whitney, Meredith, 59–60