The Far Traveler - Nancy Marie Brown (32 page)

Several papers presented at the Thirteenth International Saga Conference, Durham and York, 6–12 August 2006, address this topic and are available as preprints at
http://www.dur.ac.uk/medieval
.www/.
See in particular:

Gísli Pálsson and Astrid Ogilvie, “Weather and Witchcraft in the Sagas of Icelanders”

Tommaso Marani, “The Roman Itinerary of Nikulás of Munkajsverá: Between Reality and Imagination”

Bernadine McCreesh, “Elements of the Pagan Supernatural in the Bishops’ Sagas”

Jens Ulff-Møller, “The Gaelic Impact on Churches in Iceland and Greenland”

Other sources consulted include:

Tore Ahlbäck, ed.
Old Norse and Finnish Religions and Cultic Place-Names
(1990)

Jessica A. Browner, “‘Viking’ Pilgrimage to the Holy Land,”
Essays in History
34 (1992)

Martin Carver, ed.
The Cross Goes North: Processes of Conversion in Northern Europe, AD 300–1300
(2003)

Victoria Clark,
The Far-Farers: A Journey from Viking Iceland to Crusader Jerusalem
(2003)

H. R. Ellis Davidson,
Gods and Myths of Northern Europe
(1964)

Thomas A. DuBois,
Nordic Religions in the Viking Age
(1999)

Eleanor Shipley Duckett,
Death and Life in the Tenth Century
(1971)

Richard Erdoes,
A.D. 1000: Living on the Brink of Apocalypse
(1988)

Henri Focillon,
The Year 1000
(1971)

Joyce Hill, “Pilgrimage and Prestige in the Icelandic Sagas,”
Saga-Book
23 (1993)

Robert Lacey and Danny Danziger,
The Year 1000
(1999)

Katherine Morris,
Sorceress or Witch?
(1991)

James Reston,
The Last Apocalypse
(1998)

Margaret Clunies Ross,
Prolonged Echoes
(1994)

Rudolf Simek and Judith Meurer, eds.
Scandinavia and Christian Europe in the Middle Ages: Papers of the Twelfth International Saga Conference
(2003)

Adam of Bremen,
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]

Almquist, Bo,
[>]

alphabets,
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]

Althing (meeting of Icelandic chieftains),
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]

amber,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]

Anderson, J. R. L.,
[>]
–
[>]

Anderson, Rasmus B.,
[>]

Andersson, Eva,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]

Anglo-Saxon Chronicle,
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]

anthropology,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]

forensic,
[>]

archaeology

absorption spectrophotometry in,
[>]

backhoes and,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]

carbon-14 dating methods in,
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]

diet analysis in,
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]

DNA analysis in,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]

experimental,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]

GPS grids in,
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]

graves in.
See
graves

Greenland ice cap and,
[>]
,
[>]

ground-penetrating radar (GPR) in,
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]

Icelandic attitudes toward,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]

midden (garbage pit) studies in,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]

nature of,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]

permits and,
[>]

photography in,
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]

pollen analysis in,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]

ransacking in,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]

remote-sensing devices in,
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]

sagas versus,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]

soil dating in,
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]

tephra and tephrochronology in,
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]

thin-layer chromatography in,
[>]

tree-ring studies in,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]

trowels in,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]

underwater,
[>]
–
[>]

volcanic ash studies in,
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]

Ari the Learned,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]

Arnarstapi, Iceland,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]

Arneborg, Jette,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]

Arni Magnusson,
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]

Arnor Old-Woman’s Nose,
[>]
,
[>]

Arthurian literature,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]

Asa, Queen,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
.
See also
Oseberg ship burial astrolabe,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]

backhoes,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]

Baffin Island, Canada,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]

baleen,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]

barley,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]

Bayeux Tapestry,
[>]
–
[>]

beads

amber,
[>]
,
[>]

glass,
[>]
,
[>]

in graves,
[>]
,
[>]

bearing-dials,
[>]

beds,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]

beeswax,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]

Beothuck Indians,
[>]
–
[>]

Bergthora,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]

birch,
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]

Bird Cove, Newfoundland,
[>]

Birka, Sweden,
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]

bishops

descendants of Gudrid,
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]

of Greenland,
[>]

of Iceland,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]

Bjarni Herjolfsson,
[>]
,
[>]

Bjorkedal, Ottar,
[>]

Bjorkedal, Sigurd,
[>]
,
[>]

Bjorn Gilsson, Bishop,
[>]

Black Death,
[>]
–
[>]

Blondal, Sigurdur,
[>]
–
[>]

bogbean plant,
[>]

bog iron,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]

Bolender, Douglas,
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]

Bolli,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]

bone-jelly porridge,
[>]

bones.
See also
fish bones; graves

of cats,
[>]

of dogs,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]

excavation of,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]

food sources based on,
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]

human, analysis of,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]

uses of,
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]

Book of Flatey,
[>]
–
[>]

Book of Settlements, The,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]

Book of the Icelanders, The
(Ari the Learned),
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]

Borges, Jorge Luis,
[>]

Boron, Robert de,
[>]

Brand Saemundarson, Bishop,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]

Brattahlid, Greenland

farm of Eirik the Red at,
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]

modern settlement at,
[>]
–
[>]

Thjodhild’s Church at,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]

Breidfjord, Sigurdur,
[>]

British Isles.
See also
Hebrides; Scotland Icelandic settlers from,
[>]
–
[>]

Norse legacy in,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]

St. Brice’s Day massacre in,
[>]
–
[>]

brooches,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]

buckets,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]

bulls,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]

burls,
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]

butter,
[>]
–
[>]

butternuts (white walnuts),
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]

Byzantium.
See
Constantinople

Canada

Baffin Island,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]

Bird Cove,
[>]

L’Anse aux Meadows,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]

Miramichi River,
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]

New Brunswick,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]

Newfoundland,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]

Quebec,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]

Straits of Belle Isle,
[>]
,
[>]

canoes,
[>]
–
[>]

carbon-14 dating methods,
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]

carbon isotopes,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]

cargo ships,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]

Carlson, Catherine,
[>]

Carter, Hodding,
[>]

Carter, Tara,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]

Cartier, Jacques,
[>]
–
[>]

cats,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]

Celtic Christianity,
[>]
–
[>]

Center for Textile Research, Copenhagen,
[>]
–
[>]

Change of Ways,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]

Charlemagne,
[>]
,
[>]

cheese,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]

chieftains,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]

Chretien de Troyes,
[>]

Christensen, Arne Emil,
[>]
–
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]

Christianity,
[>]
–
[>]
.
See also
bishops; popes

attitudes toward death and,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]

burial customs,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]