The Firebrand and the First Lady: Portrait of a Friendship: Pauli Murray, Eleanor Roosevelt, and the Struggle for Social Justice (77 page)

“Title VII without”
: Ibid.

“If it is true”
: Carolyn Lewis, “Dream Haunts Practical Poet,”
Washington Post, Time Herald,”
December 11, 1966.

“to discuss the matter”
: PM,
Song
, 357.

“checked this matter out”
: Quoted in PM,
Song
, 358.

“To you comes”
: Quoted in PM,
Song
, 357.

“You’ll be amused”
: PM to Lloyd K. Garrison, September 17, 1964, PMP.

“registered but independent”
: PM, letter to the editor,
NYT
, October 21, 1971.

61. “I HAVE BEEN A PERSON WITH AN INDEPENDENT INQUIRING MIND”

Twenty-one years
: PM, “Roots of the Racial Crisis: Prologue to Policy” (PhD diss., Yale Law School, 1965).

Now in possession
: On the paucity of African American women law professors, see J. Clay Smith Jr., “Appendix B: Pioneering Facts About Black Women Lawyers and Law Teachers,” in
Rebels in Law: Voices in History of Black Women Lawyers
(Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2000), 277–83.

“with a clumsy gait”
: PM,
Song
, 363.

She signed
: PM,
Human Rights U.S.A.: 1948–1966
(Cincinnati: Service Center, Board of Missions, Methodist Church, 1967).

She worked
: U.S. Department of Justice, FBI File, Subject: Anna Pauline Murray, (140-33958).

In 1966, Kenyon and Murray
: PM,
Song
, 363–65;
White v. Crook
, 251 F. Supp. 401 (DCMD Ala.1966).

Ginsburg would pay
: Ruth Bader Ginsburg, interview by William Treanor, C-SPAN, February 4, 2015,
http://www.c-span.org/video/?324177–1/discussion-supreme-court-justice-ruth-bader-ginsburg
. When historian Anne Firor Scott asked Ginsburg to share her thoughts about Murray and Kenyon, she wrote, “When I authored the brief for appellant Sally Reed in the turning point gender discrimination case,
Reed v. Reed
, 404 U.S. 71 (1971) I placed Pauli’s name on the cover together with Dorothy Kenyon’s. Both women had urged, a decade and more earlier, arguments that courts were not prepared to hear until the 1970s.” Quoted in Anne Firor Scott,
Pauli Murray and Caroline Ware: Forty Years of Letters in Black and White
(Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2006), 138–39. For editorial comment on Ginsburg’s tribute to Kenyon and Murray, see Linda K. Kerber, “Judge Ginsburg’s Gift,”
WP
, August 1, 1993.

“to assure equal job”
: Edith Evans Asbury, “Protest Proposed on Women’s Jobs: Yale Professor Says It May Be Needed to Obtain Rights,”
NYT
, October 13, 1965.

Friedan, who was
: PM,
Song
, 365–68.

Disagreement over the process
: PM to Kathryn Clarenbach, November 21, 1967, PMP; PM to Al [Reitman], November 24, 1969, PMP; and PM, journal, November 21, 1967, PMP. For historical comment, see Susan M. Hartmann, “Pauli Murray and the ‘Juncture of Women’s Liberation and Black Liberation,’ ”
Journal of Women’s History
14, no. 2 (Summer 2002): 74–77.

She would publicly
: PM to Aileen Clarke Hernandez, August 7, 1971, PMP.

At the same time
: PM,
Song
, 361–62, 367–68.

During her tenure
: Aileen Hernandez, interview by author, San Francisco, April 16, 1997

“number one objective”
: Luther Holcomb, interview by Dana Whitaker, April 28, 2000,
http://www.eeoc.gov/eeoc/history/35th/voices/oral_history-luther_holcomb-dana_whitaker.wpd.html
.

“second place”
: Ibid.

Frustration with the
: Ashbury, “Protest Proposed on Women’s Jobs,”
NYT
.

When it became
: PM, interview by McNeil.

“Jane Crow and the Law”
: PM and Mary O. Eastwood, “Jane Crow and the Law: Sex Discrimination and Title VII,”
George Washington Law Review
34, no. 2 (December 1965): 232–56.

“organizational affiliations”
: PM to Stephen N. Shulman, April 18, 1967, PMP.

“factors”
: Ibid.

“That I have been”
: Ibid.

Murray was described
: U.S. Department of Justice, FBI File, Subject: Anna Pauline Murray (140-33958).

“she was a homosexual”
: Memorandum, Clyde Tolson to Cartha DeLoach, April 4, 1967, U.S. Department of Justice, FBI File, Subject: Anna Pauline Murray (140-33958).

“was to determine”
: Ibid.

“challenge…her affiliation”
: Ibid.

“This has been”
: PM, journal, May 11, 1967, PMP.

“no longer young”
: PM, journal, April 26, 1967, PMP.

“a has-been”
: PM, journal, May 11, 1967.

“not part of anyone’s”
: PM, journal April 19, 1967, PMP.

“as a Commissioner”
: PM, journal, April 22, 1967, PMP.

“try to be”
: Ibid.

“personality and talents”
: PM, journal, June 17, 1968.

“civil rights, women, politics”
: PM, journal, April 24, 1967, PMP.

62. “MRS. R. SEEMED TO HAVE BEEN FORGOTTEN”

In the wake
: Jack Bass and Jack Nelson,
The Orangeburg Massacre
(New York: World, 1970).

Jean E. Friedman
: Jean E. Friedman, discussion with author, Athens, Georgia, October 16, 2006; Jean E. Friedman, telephone interview with author, August 17, 2010; and Jean E. Friedman, “Personal Reflections on Community and the Writing of American Religious History,” in
Autobiographical Reflections on Southern Religious History
, ed. John B. Boles (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2001), 177–92.

“in the open air”
: PM,
Song
, 393.

Seeking the solace
: Ibid., 388.

“holding her glasses”
: PM to Maureen Corr, September 9, 1968, FDRL.

“the baskets of canes”
: Ibid.

“wood fire burning”
: Ibid.

“writing table”
: Ibid.

“Dear Maureen”
: Ibid.

“a kind of rebirth”
: Ibid.

“psychically close”
: Ibid.

“would frown upon”
: Ibid.

“who loved her”
: Ibid.

Convinced that her
: PM,
Song
, 378–79.

“exciting, tormenting”
: Ibid., 389.

She also challenged
: On Murray’s role in the development of a women’s studies program, the appointment of a committee on the status of women, and the filing of an EEOC complaint that charged the university with discriminating against women in its retirement rate schedule, thereby violating Title VII, see Joyce Antler, “Pauli Murray: The Brandeis Years,”
Journal of Women’s History
14, no. 2 (Summer 2002): 78–82.

“impatient young Black Militants”
: PM,
Song
, 389.

“separate dormitories”
: Ibid., 396.

“white liberal colleagues”
: PM to Dave and Mrs. ——, July 5, 1970, in author’s possession.

“to the memory”
: PM,
Dark Testament
, 1.

“brilliance and conceptual power”
: PM to Marie Rodell, June 29, 1970, PMP.

She was disappointed
: PM, journal, July 2, 1970, PMP.

This time, readers
: For a discussion of the reception to
Proud Shoes
in 1956 and 1978, see Patricia Bell-Scott, foreword to
Proud Shoes: The Story of An American Family
, by PM (Boston: Beacon, 1999), vii–x.

Roots
“dwells”
: Jack Hicks, “A State of Uneasy Peace,” review of
Proud Shoes
, by PM,
Nation
, December 16, 1978, 680.

“not a spinoff”
: Larry Swindell, “Not a Spinoff on ‘Roots’ but a Splendid Forerunner,” review of
Proud Shoes
, by PM,
Philadelphia Inquirer
, September 14, 1978.

Murray was happy
: PM to Naomi Burns, September 5, 1978, PMP.

With adequate marketing
: PM to Marie Rodell, August 5, 1970, PMP.

On June 19, 1970
:
Discrimination Against Women: House Committee on Education and Labor, Discrimination Against Women: Hearings Before the Special Subcommittee on Education of the Committee on Education and Labor
, 91st Cong. 328 (June 19, 1970) (statement of Dr. Pauli Murray, Professor of American Studies, Brandeis University).

“If anyone should ask”
: Ibid., 335.

Three months later
: Barbara Campbell, “Girl Denied Spot on Boys’ Team Takes Complaint to Rights Unit,”
NYT
, September 26, 1970.

For years, Marshall
: Dovey Johnson Roundtree, interview by author, Washington, DC, August 23, 1995.

“I know what”
: Ibid.

“work on the Bench”
: Thurgood Marshall to PM, October 11, 1961, PMP.

Now an old hand
: “Available for Court,”
NYT
, September 28, 1971.

She believed that her
: Eleanor Blau, “63 and an Activist, She Hopes to Become an Episcopal Priest,”
NYT
, February 11, 1974.

63. “THE MISSING ELEMENT…IS THEOLOGICAL”

“self-destructive”
: Grace Milgram, interview by author, Washington, DC, November 8, 1997.

“authentic selfhood”
: See PM, “Synthesis: Theology, Feminism, and the Law: The Impact upon a Creative Writer,” in Pinn, ed.,
Pauli Murray: Selected Sermons and Writings
, 207.

Murray’s religious education
: See Anthony B. Pinn,
Becoming “America’s Problem Child”: An Outline of Pauli Murray’s Religious Life and Theology
(Eugene, OR: Pickwick, 2008). For a biography that focuses on Murray’s religious development, see Sarah Azaransky,
The Dream Is Freedom: Pauli Murray and American Democratic Faith
(New York: Oxford University Press, 2011).