Authors: Nicholas Stargardt
The German War (133 page)
; orders defence to the last man
530
Hindenburg, Field Marshal Paul von
18
,
161
Hirsch, Emanuel
32
,
76
,
77
Hitler, Adolf
7
,
13
; adopted home town
372
,
see
Linz
; religious policies
15–16
,
149
; favourite expressions
185
,
209
,
221
; favourite march
66
; on Shakespeare
120
; and Munich Agreement (1938)
25
; lacks confidence in German people
33–4
,
54
,
224
; gives speech (30 Jan. 1939) prophesying destruction of Jews
164
,
197
,
221
,
237–8
,
243
; advises commanders to wage racial war
37–8
; broadcasts
16
-point proposal
27
; and invasion of Poland
16
,
17
,
24–5
,
26
,
27
,
36
,
41
,
2–3
,
47–8
,
139
; and outbreak of war
27
,
28
,
30
,
33–4
; orders generals to launch offensive
49
,
50
; addresses Reichstag
48
; assassination attempt
50
,
87–8
; and conscientious objectors
74
; orders execution of petty criminals
78
; treatment of German civilians
79
,
80
; and ‘mercy deaths’
83–4
; and invasion of Holland and Belgium
93
; agrees to halt tanks for repairs
101
; and France’s surrender
104
,
105
,
106
; addresses Reichstag (July 1940)
107
; his offer of peace rejected by Halifax
107–8
; worries about dismemberment of British Empire
110
; orders air attack on England
110
,
158
; plans invasion of Russia
110
; pledges to ‘erase’ British cities
111–12
; and KLV
114
,
115
; shelves plans for invasion of Britain
121
; bans public punishments (1941)
144
; and Galen
145
,
146
; orders halt to T-4 killings
147
; and Party–Church conflict in Bavaria
149–50
,
151
; and invasion of Russia
158–9
,
161
; delighted with Reichenau’s order to exterminate the Jews
175
; orders attack on Ukraine
176
; desires to ‘wipe’ Soviet cities ‘off the face of the earth’
184
; targets Moscow
186
,
197
; Jews as key foes
197
; orders ‘scorched earth’ policy in the east
208
; advised to end war
220–21
; declares war on USA (1941)
221
,
269
; reiterates need for extermination of Jews
221–2
,
224
,
243
; radio broadcasts (1942)
224
,
225
,
228–9
; Social Darwinist views of war
227
; pays tribute to German war dead
228
; appoints Sauckel as head of labour mobilisation
273
; berates judiciary for leniency
8
,
287
; and defeat of Russia
291
,
304
; and rationing scandal
301
; and recruitment of ‘eastern troops’
309
,
310
; and Stalingrad
322
,
324
,
325
,
333
,
335–6
; promotes Paulus to Field Marshal
331
; relations with Goebbels and Göring
334
,
335
,
352
; delighted with Goebbels’ anti-Semitic campaign
365
,
366
; and
The Protocols of the Elders of Zion
365
; stops speaking in public
406
; and German retreat in the east
419
,
420
,
433
,
449
; orders Warsaw to be erased from face of the earth
441
; and German retreat in France
443
,
444
,
446
; exempts artists from military service
449
; survives assassination attempt (1944)
450–53
,
454
,
455
; establishes Volkssturm
457–8
; loyalty to
459
,
461
,
463
; remains remote
462–3
; and Ardennes offensive
477–8
,
479
; New Year message (1945)
480
; inspired by Frederick the Great
483
; and Roosevelt’s death
483
; prevented from executing prisoners of war
505
; replaces Himmler
507
; on losing the war
508
; too exhausted to broadcast speech
508
; orders arrest of Göring and Himmler :
538
; commits suicide
534
,
546
Hitler Youth
9
,
52
,
56
,
114
,
115
,
116
,
209
,
239
,
284
,
315
,
345
,
346
,
350
,
356
,
369
,
398
,
399
,
410
,
445
,
449
,
456
,
458
,
487
,
513
,
516
,
533
,
534
,
545
Hlond, Cardinal August
43
Hoche, Alfred
see
Binding, Karl
Höcker, Karla
542–3
Hodges, General Courtney
510
,
512
Hoepner, General Erich
94
,
222
Hoffmann, Albert, Gauleiter of South Westphalia
403
Hoffmann, Major
166
Hoffmannsthal, Hugo von
465
Hölderlin, Friedrich
314
,
328
,
330
,
410–11
,
412
,
413
,
416
,
431
,
466
,
467
; ‘Song before Battle’
101
; ‘Song of Fate’
411–12
,
418
;
Empedokles
431
;
Hyperion
411–12
,
418
,
431
,
569
Holland
see
Netherlands, the
Holz, Karl, Gauleiter of Franconia
522
Homecoming
(film)
46–7
homosexuals
78
,
264
,
298
,
567
Hong Kong, Japanese attack on
268
o Hoppe, Marianne
51
Hörbiger, Paul
67
Hore-Belisha, Leslie
65
Hörle, Karl
555
Horney, Brigitte
46
horses, death of
192
‘Horst Wessel coffee’
55
Hosenfeld, Annemie
xvii
,
43
,
266
,
555
; Wilm Hosenfeld’s letters to
44
,
93
,
103
,
255
,
485
,
556
Hosenfeld, Helmut
102–3
; Wilm Hosenfeld’s letters to
28
,
39
,
102–3
,
266
Hosenfeld, Wilm
xvii
,
23
,
28–9
,
33
,
34
,
37
,
43–4
,
93
,
102–3
,
108
,
255
,
265–6
,
374
,
435–7
,
439
,
440–42
,
485
,
486
,
555–6
Höss, Rudolf
71
Hossbach, Colonel Count Friedrich
490
Hot Pot Sundays
53
Hoth, General Hermann
95
,
175
‘Hunger Plans’
183–4
,
185
,
272
,
278
,
310
Huxley, Aldous
120
I Accuse
(film)
146–7
,
257
Iceland: American occupation
236
Idée, Emile
279
IG Farben plant
255
,
299
Illmer, Jürgen
487
Ingeleben: hanging of Pole
141
Inner Mission asylums
85
,
86
Innsbruck (1944)
293
Instructions to the Troops
223
Isophan (amphetamine)
98
Italian Army
325
,
327
,
330
; desertion
215
; internment
381
,
511
Italy/Italians
6
,
160
; air squadron
119
; cycle tour (1942)
279
; RAF bombing (1942)
394
; German reprisals
275
; and Greece
278
; and black market
293
; German occupation (1943)
381
,
426
,
482
; Allied air raids
394
; Allied landings (1944)
419
,
461
;
see also
Badoglio, Marshal
;
Mussolini, Benito
Izbica: ghetto
241
J., Christa
536
J., Irma
417–18
Jadden (1945)
490
Jaeger, Hugo
136
Jäger, Karl
161
,
172
,
173
Jäger, Lorenz, Archbishop of Paderborn
146
,
151
,
354
Jägerstätter, Franz
73
Jannings, Emil
121
Japan/Japanese
268–9
,
270
,
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