The Invention of Paris (69 page)

30
‘A “blank”, an enormous “blank”, and without the shadow of a transition, suddenly the measure of time is no longer in quarters of an hour but in years and even decades . . .' (Marcel Proust, ‘À propos du “style” de Flaubert',
Nouvelle Revue française
, 1 January 1920).

31
Swann was an exception, living on the Quai d'Orléans.

32
‘In the middle of the symphony an old-fashioned tune rang out; replacing the sweet-seller, who generally accompanied her song with a rattle, the toy-seller, to whose kazoo was attached a jumping-jack which he sent bobbing in all directions, paraded other puppets for sale, and, indifferent to the ritual declamation of Gregory the Great, the reformed declamation of Palestrina or the lyrical declamation of the moderns, warbled at the top of his voice, a belated adherent of pure melody: “Come along all you mammies and dads,/Here's toys for your lasses and lads!/I make them myself,/and I pocket the pelf./Tralala, tralala, tralalee./Come along youngsters . . .”' (Proust,
The Captive
,
Remembrance of Things Past
, vol. 3, p. 133).

33
Thanks to Berenice Abbott, who bought nearly 2,000 negatives of Atget's that were left in his studio on his death and bequeathed them to the Museum of Modern Art in New York, the major works on Atget are American; among others, John Szarkowski and Maria Morris Hambourg,
The Work of Atget
, 4 vols (New York: The Museum of Modern Art, 1981–85); Molly Nesbit,
Atget's Seven Albums
(New Haven: Yale University Press, 1992). Several major American photographers, Walker Evans and Lee Friedlander among them, were very familiar with Atget's work.

34
As John Szarkowski tries to do in
The Work of Atget
, vol. 1.

35
These
Albums
are:
L'Art dans le vieux Paris
;
Intérieurs parisiens
;
La Voiture à Paris
;
Métiers, boutiques et étalages de Paris
;
Enseignes et vielles boutiques de Paris
;
Zoniers
; and
Fortifications de Paris
.

36
On Atget's political opinions, the best indication is provided by his gift to the Bibliothèque historique de la Ville de Paris of issues of
La Guerre sociale
, Gustave Hervé's anarcho-syndicalist newspaper, and
La Bataille syndicaliste
, organ of the CGT that was then a fighting union (Molly Nesbit, ‘La second nature d'Atget', in
Actes du colloque Atget
, special issue of
Photographies
, March 1986).

37
At 17 Rue Campagne-Première, which was not a building but rather an avenue between Rue Campagne-Première and Rue Boissonade, bordered by little houses.

38
Benjamin, ‘A Short History of Photography'.

39
Waldemar George,
Arts et Métiers graphiques
, special issue on photography, 1930. This is clearly an allusion to the description of the shop windows in the Passage de l'Opéra, and particularly the purveyor of canes.

40
André Breton, letter to Tzara, cited in
Oeuvres complètes
, vol. 1, p. 1294, note.

41
Breton,
The Lost Steps
, pp. 81–2.

42
André Breton, ‘Le surréalisme et la peinture',
La Révolution surréaliste
, no. 9–10, 1 October 1927.

43
Brûlage involved submerging the negative in hot water, which caused the emulsion to partially melt. Ubac's text is quoted in
Explosante Fixe, photographie et surréalisme
, exhibition catalogue (Paris: Centre George-Pomidou/Hazan, 1985), p. 42, note.

44
Breton, ‘Le Surréalisme et la peinture', apropos Man Ray.

45
Cited by Marguerite Bonnet in the notes to
Nadja
in
Oeuvres complètes
, vol. 1.

46
See for example Dawn Ades in
Explosante Fixe
, and R. Krauss, ‘Photographie et surréalisme', in
Le Photographique, pour une théorie des écarts
(Paris: Macula, 1990). One need only compare Boiffard's photos with the views of Paris in
Nadja
that are not by him (the statue of Étienne Dole in the Place Maubert, for example), to see what really is a banal photograph.

47
Boiffard in fact returned to medicine around 1935, and practised as a radiologist at the Hôpital Saint-Louis until the late 1950s.

abandoned babies and children,
153
,
318

abattoirs.
See
slaughterhouses

Abbott, Berenice,
359n33
,
361
,
363

acrobats,
85
,
164

aeronautics industry,
186

African immigrants,
xii
,
135
,
203
,
217

Algeria and Algerians,
xii
,
87
,
255
,
51
,
163
,
217

Anne-Marie-Louise d'Orléans,
14

apartment buildings,
113–14
,
206
, 224

Apollinaire, Guillaume,
79
,
168–69
,
193
,
197
,
321
,
356–57

Apponyi, Rodolphe,
258–64
passim,
271n97

Arab immigrants,
xi
,
xii
,
xiii
,
202

Arago, François,
174
,
247
,
258
,
262n75
,
278
,
302

Aragon, Louis,
40
,
79
,
82
,
170
,
362
,
365

Arc de Triomphe,
116
,
118n17
,
232

Arc de Triomphe du Carrousel,
31

arcades,
38–40
,
52
,
80
,
134

arches,
17
,
31
,
54
,
61n76
,
100
.
See also
gates

architects in the Marais,
64–65

aristocracy,
101
,
113
,
115

emigration from the Marais,
65–66
,
104

arrondissements,
6
,
15
,
115
, 172–75,
175

2
^nd
,
238

3
^rd
,
238

6
^th
,
104
,
163

7
^th
,
102

9
^th
,
139
,
142
,
146
,
197
,
238

10
^th
,
214

11
^th
,
67
,
123
,
214
,
239

12
^th
,
123
,
153
,
157
,
221
,
234
,
274

13
^th
,
xi
,
182
,
188–89
,
229
,
238

14
^th
,
161
,
163
,
182
,
185
,
187–88
,
228

15
^h
,
182
,
183
,
185

16
^h
,
190
,
192
,
194

17
^h
,
194

18
^h
,
199
,
236

19
^h
,
213

20
^th
,
174
,
213

21
^st
(de facto),
368

Art Déco,
193
,
212

art galleries,
78–79
,
124n34

Art Nouveau,
193
,
209

artists,
164
,
362
.
See also
painters and painting

artists' models,
196
,
350–53
passim

assassinations,
36
,
50
,
61–62
,
132
,
207
,
211n76

attempted,
85–86
,
211

Asselineau, Charles,
97
,
328
,
330n29
,
334

Atget, Eugène,
6
,
189
,
205
,
222
,
342
,
347n10
,
358–62
,
365

Aubervilliers,
xiii
,
xiv

Auteuil,
xi
,
3
,
181
,
182
,
190–94

automobiles,
194

Avenue de l'Opéra,
37
,
38

Babou, Hippolyte,
299
,
304n168
,
316

Bailly, Jean-Christophe,
35

ballrooms,
120
,
166–67

Baltard, Victor,
42

Balzac, Honoré de,
76
,
145
,
148

The Atheist's Mass
,
248

Baudelaire on,
333

on Cadran Bleu and Café Turc,
87

at Café Tabourey,
97

La Comédie humaine
,
40
,
77
,
103
,
192n30
,
321–28
passim,
359

La Cousine Bette
,
29–30
,
121n26
,
147

Evelina Hanska and,
121
,
150
,
192

on executions,
161n98

on Faubourg Saint-Antoine,
122

Ferragus
,
4
,
29
,
114
,
151
,
230
,
321

flânerie and,
315
,
321–28

The Girl with the Golden Eyes
,
90

on
grisettes
,
126

‘Histoire et physiologie des Boulevards de Paris',
40
,
71
,
76
,
77
,
80
,
81
,
84–85

house in Passy,
192–93

on Latin Quarter,
94

The Lesser Bourgeoisie
,
17
,
144

Lily of the Valley
,
25

on
lorettes
,
144n70

on loss,
30

Lost
Illusions
,
22–23
,
25
,
48–49
,
53
,
71
,
93
,
96

The Magic Skin
,
24

Marais and,
66

on Montparnasse,
163

Old Goriot (Le Père Goriot
),
5
,
91
,
208

on poor people,
153–54

Saint-Germain-des-Près and,
102

Scenes from a Courtesan's Life
,
37
,
100

A Woman of Thirty
,
31n27

The Wrong Side of Paris
,
89

bankers and banking,
35
,
55
,
72
,
79
,
140–41
,
262
,
271n97
,
322
,
326

banlieue
,
xii–xiii
,
176
,
181
,
182

Banque de France,
35–36
,
37n36

Banque Nationale de Paris,
79

Banville, Théodore de,
94
,
97
,
328
,
333

Barbès, Armand,
x
,
197
,
256
,
257
,
264
,
266
,
268

Barbey d'Aurevilly, Jules-Amédée,
233

Barère, Bertrand,
32

barracks,
28
,
131
,
143
,
251n50
,
341

Barras, Paul François Jean Nicolas, vicomte de,
22
,
32

Barrès, Maurice,
49
,
97
,
145
,
168

barricades,
92
,
160
,
229
,
232
,
238–45
passim,
249
,
255
,
257
,
295
,
299

in art,
351

coup of 1851 and,
303
,
305
,
306
,
307

June rebellion (1832),
253

May 1968,
310

revolution of 1848,
261
,
274
,
276
,
281
,
283
,
284
,
291

barriers (
barrières
),
30–31
,
47
,
114
,
128n43
,
129
,
132
,
152
,
165
.
See also
barricades
;
walls

Bastille,
xi
,
3
,
11
,
14
,
15
,
72
,
261
,
262

Batignolles,
xi
,
4
,
182
,
194–96

Baudelaire, Charles,
40
,
74
,
90
,
126
,
218
, 224,
265–66
,
345
,
346

at cafés and taverns,
96
,
97
,
164

on Balzac,
114n12