Authors: Jung-myung Lee
My need to see what was in the letter overruled my hesitation; my hands were already ripping open the envelope. I justified it to myself that I had a duty to review all incoming post. I pulled
out a brownish piece of paper, the same paper we used here. What was it doing in an envelope from Manchuria? I shouldn’t open this letter. But it was too late.
Dear Warden Hasegawa,
I apologize for not sending news earlier. I hope you understand; I returned to Manchuria after such a long absence that I had many tasks to do. I realize I wouldn’t be
writing this letter if it weren’t for you. So, thank you. If you hadn’t helped me, risking everything, I would never have been able to escape Fukuoka Prison.
Here, I am leading a platoon of 460 soldiers for the independence movement. Seven days ago we destroyed three Kwantung Army platoons. Now the Kwantung Army stationed in
Manchuria is powerless. All of that is thanks to you.
First, the news that you have been waiting for: unfortunately, the three men you sent along with me are dead. They weren’t as smart or intelligent or strong as you’d thought, though
they did protect me on my way to Manchuria through Vladivostok. It was a miscalculation on your part to think that a few rule-abiding men would be able to deal with me in this rough part of the
world. Because of our longtime affection, I buried them deep so they wouldn’t be eaten by wolves.
I have another piece of news. Unfortunately, I haven’t been able to obtain the gold bullion. I know you smuggled me out and sent those three secret agents with me for the gold, but it was
all for naught. I didn’t take your share; the gold bullion never existed. But you shouldn’t think that I tricked you. What I told you was true – I was indeed the only one who knew
of an enormous amount of treasure hidden in Manchuria. What you didn’t know was that I was talking about my leaving prison, that priceless freedom. But the greedy, like you, took that
statement to mean that I was referring to the Kwantung Army’s gold, and you let me escape so you could get your hands on it. I found my treasure, but you didn’t. You must know Hiranuma
Tochu. Yun Dong-ju, the poet? He calls that a metaphor – a truth hidden in a false sentence.
I have a request. I would like you to keep my promise to Watanabe Yuichi, the soldier-guard. I promised to tell him about the life and death of Sugiyama Dozan, but I won’t have the chance
now. He’s probably figured out what was going on in the prison by now, but I don’t think he knows about our deal. Tell him for me. Even if you don’t, I’m sure he’ll
keep digging until he finds out.
I have another request. I suppose you could call it a warning. I hope nothing bad happens to the Koreans you’re holding hostage. If anything happens to them I will send a
copy of this letter to the Interior Ministry. I’m sure you wouldn’t want to see the Special Higher Police rushing to the prison.
Thanks for feeding me and clothing me and giving me a place to sleep for all those years.
Number 331
What was going on? Choi clearly knew I would read his letter. In the end he’d kept his two promises: he’d repaid me for the paper I’d given him, and he was making sure
I’d hear the truth about Sugiyama’s death. But I was afraid. What was the point of mining for truth in this godforsaken place? What did it matter that a guard had been killed? I could
take the easy route and burn the letter. It was wartime; no one would question post from Manchuria going missing. Hasegawa certainly wasn’t expecting a message like this from Choi. The
letter, trembling in my hands, awaited its fate. Finally, I stamped it:
Censorship Completed
. The letter would be delivered to Hasegawa, who would know that I’d read it. I might have
done something I shouldn’t have. I might regret it deeply. But there was no turning back now.
I was summoned to the warden’s office. I stood at attention in front of his desk for an eternity, but he didn’t look up from his newspaper blaring the headlines
‘All Schools from Primary School to University Will Become Military Schools’, ‘Army Ministry Reforms Military Service Law Regarding Early Conscription’. They’d lowered
the conscription age once again; it was now fifteen. All people talked about was national resistance. Finally Hasegawa folded the newspaper and placed it on his desk. He looked at me with the
dignity of a lion. ‘I received the letter from Manchuria.’
I was trembling like a frail antelope. ‘I had no choice,’ I murmured defensively. ‘I am to review all incoming and outgoing post.’
Of course, we both knew that exceptions existed for all regulations; I should have sent the post addressed to the warden without opening it. This time the performance of my duties was tantamount
to a declaration of war.
Hasegawa maintained his calm with effort. ‘I’m not finding fault with you. You were right to be faithful to your duties.’
I’d expected him to shout at me; now I felt all the more nervous.
Hasegawa slowly added tobacco to his pipe and tamped it down with his thumb. ‘I called you here because there’s something you need to know.’
My heart thumped. He wouldn’t hide or avoid anything now; I wanted to be done with all of this. ‘Yes, sir. There are things I’ve been seeking to understand.’
He lit his pipe. He sucked in loudly a few times; smoke curled up to the ceiling. ‘Well, what is it that you want to know?’
‘All I know is that there’s something going on in this prison that shouldn’t be.’
His features stiffened. I felt an eerie chill.
‘Nothing’s going on that shouldn’t be happening,’ he said. ‘What are you referring to?’
‘The doctors in the infirmary are conducting human experiments on healthy Korean prisoners. They—’
‘What is it that you really want to know?’ he barked.
‘Is Choi still alive?’
Hasegawa’s eyebrows furrowed. He sucked deeply on his pipe and let out a plume of white smoke. He nodded.
Dozens of questions collided with one another in my head, but I managed to bleat out only one. ‘How?’
The warden gazed at the smoke trailing upwards. He tapped his pipe on the ashtray. He sucked a few more times on the empty pipe. ‘For the Empire. I kept him alive for the
Empire.’
When Choi arrived at the prison, rumours about the man who’d hurled a bomb at the Emperor raced around the prison. But Choi kept to himself, his mouth sealed. He paced
the prison yard like a caged wild beast. The very day the warden arrived at Fukuoka, he watched Choi from behind the white curtains in his office. Hasegawa could tell that Choi still reeked of
conspiracies, even when he didn’t say a word and was just sitting in the sun by himself. Hasegawa wanted to know what Choi was plotting. He tasked Kim Man-gyo with watching Choi and ordered
him to report back. The following day Choi was moved into Kim’s cell. Outgoing and affable, Kim gained Choi’s trust quickly by procuring hard-to-find goods and providing him with
information from the guards.
Soon Kim relayed a rumour that Choi had left an enormous treasure in the hills of Manchuria. Eyes glinting, he reported that the prisoners claimed that Choi, who had led a fairly large brigade
of independence fighters before coming to Japan, had attacked a Kwantung Army supply unit that held the military chest for Manchuria. Choi had apparently hidden the gold in a secret location before
smuggling himself into Japan. Hasegawa laughed. It was preposterous. A ragtag bunch of bandits couldn’t possibly defeat a Kwantung Army supply unit. And why would this Choi bury mounds of
gold and leave his riches, to go back into the danger of war?
But then Choi attempted to break out of prison. Already a regular in solitary, he pushed a guard aside in the yard and sprinted towards the wall. Hasegawa took it upon himself to interrogate
Choi personally, after he’d been beaten beyond recognition. Hasegawa looked greedily into his swollen eyes. ‘It’s General Choi, I hear? Why did you try to escape?’
‘Escape is the number-one duty of a soldier in captivity.’
Hasegawa struck Choi’s cheek angrily with his baton. ‘You’re not a soldier or a prisoner of war. You’re just a criminal. You weren’t trying to escape, you were
trying to die.’
‘It doesn’t matter. If dying is the only way I can get out of here, then that’s what I’ll do.’
‘Fearless, aren’t you? Why is that?’
‘There’s something I need to do.’
Hasegawa suddenly remembered the rumour. What if Choi actually had stolen the Empire’s military chest? If he recovered it, that achievement would be truly unsurpassed. Hasegawa’s
temples began to throb. He couldn’t be impatient; he had to bide his time until he was certain. He twisted his moustache. ‘I should execute you for attempting to escape. But just this
once, I’ll look the other way. You’re going to solitary for a fortnight. If you do something stupid like this again, I promise you’ll be riddled with bullets next time.’
But soon after Choi was released from solitary he attempted another escape. This time, he’d lain in the drain along the wall. A guard on his rounds discovered him immediately. The warden
interrogated him a second time. It was the same thing all over again. Choi insisted there was something he had to do. Hasegawa sent him back to solitary. Choi escaped and tried to climb over the
wall. Again, Hasegawa sent him to solitary. The two men continued this endless game of cat-and-mouse. The fourth attempt resulted in Choi hiding in the back of a lorry scheduled to ship out bricks
made in the prison workroom. Hasegawa stopped the lorry and had all the bricks unloaded; Choi, covered in dust, rolled out and sprinted desperately towards the gates. The guard positioned at the
watchtower aimed the machine gun at his back, watching the warden’s hand. If the warden lowered his hand, he was to shoot. Hasegawa instead gave the guards around him a look. The guards took
out their clubs and went after Choi. Practically a corpse, he was now dragged yet again into the interrogation room. Hasegawa looked down at him. Why did this prisoner keep trying to escape in such
desperate ways, when he knew his life was on the line?
‘Why do you keep doing this?’ Hasegawa asked.
Choi didn’t answer.
Hasegawa looked round to make sure they were alone. ‘You won’t say it yourself, so I’ll say it. The reason you’re trying to escape so desperately is not because of a
prisoner-of-war’s duty, or for the independence of your sorry country.’
‘Then why?’
‘Because of money. The enormous amount of gold you hid somewhere in Manchuria.’
Choi raised his swollen eyes. ‘What are you talking about?’
‘I looked through some files at the Army Ministry. There is a record of an anti-Japanese surge in Manchuria in the mid-1930s. In 1936 some Korean independence and Communist elements
attacked the supply unit of the Kwantung Army. We beat them, but suffered significant loss of life and goods.’
‘Are you saying there are records about gold being stolen?’
Hasegawa shook his head. ‘It was wartime. The military wouldn’t have revealed the amount of loss. If they had lost a large portion of the military chest, the person responsible for
the platoon and several others would have been shot dead. It’s the basics of war propaganda. You diminish setbacks as much as possible and exaggerate any victory.’
‘What makes you think that the gold was stolen?’
‘That year the Ministry sent 8,000 troops to the Kwantung Army, including regimental-level supply troops, 700 guard troops and 300 recon troops. They sent sixteen separate orders to round
up Korean insurgents and Communists in Manchuria. That had never happened before or since. That means that around that time they had suffered immense losses. They had to reconstruct the platoon,
strengthen vigilance and go after the anti-Japanese elements.’
‘And what was the result?’
‘It was a partial success. They destroyed those elements armed against us throughout Manchuria, more than 2,000 of them.’
‘Why was it only a partial success then?’
Hasegawa smiled meaningfully. ‘There’s no record anywhere that they found the stolen military chest. Had we got the money back, it would certainly have been recorded, in celebration
of such an enormous defeat for our enemies.’
‘So where is all that gold?’
‘That’s something I should ask you.’ Hasegawa smiled suggestively. He saw Choi’s lips purse involuntarily. ‘I know the rumour is true. You’re risking your
life to get out of this place to recover that hidden gold. Because you’re the one who attacked the platoon.’
Hasegawa unfastened the top button of his uniform. He was ready to make a deal. First, they had to establish the rules. Choi was the only person who knew where the gold was. He had to leave the
prison to get it. Hasegawa would look the other way. They would split the gold in half. Hasegawa would send armed guards with Choi, so he couldn’t get away. His secret plan was to order the
guards to kill Choi the moment the gold was recovered. But now they needed a convincing escape plan. They discussed various options and came to an agreement on the best one. Choi would dig his way
out and the warden would look the other way. It might take months, even years, but it had to be done perfectly.