25
“Mrs. Clay’s affections had overpowered her interest, and she had sacrificed, for the young man’s sake, the possibility of scheming longer for Sir Walter.”
26
Love by increments is not quite so exciting, nor so deeply satisfying, as love the Jane Austen heroine way. Unfortunately, it’s more like what most of us find ourselves living with. Take a look at a couple of testimonies to the realities of marriage today, from the comments to Megan McArdle’s blog at the
Atlantic.
From a woman’s point of view: “I married my husband when he was still on the fence about having children, then used relationship blackmail (‘I intend to have children, starting by the time I’m 30. If not with you, then we’ll split up and I’ll find someone else.’) to push him over the line. I’m not proud of it and today I can’t believe my amoral chutzpah—but I did tell him that BEFORE we were married, at least, so he could have taken his out
right there. As it was, each of us gambled on [the] other’s changing his or her mind—and I won, and he’s an AWESOME father of our three.” Comment by Jamie McArdle at
http://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2011/02/abortion-would-we-change-our-minds-if-we-only-knew/71331/
.
And as a man sees it, “She and I kept our pre-marriage money in separate accounts, and the post-marriage money are [sic] comingled in joint accounts. I brought our house into the marriage, but for years I paid for the mortgage and maintenance out of my personal money, so the house stayed out of the community. I quietly started using community money to pay for the mortgage about 5 years into the marriage.”
And the same man, following up in response to another commenter who was disturbed that he had “some sort of secret relationship test that you didn’t want to let her in on”: “When I got married, of course I hoped the marriage would last. But our whole exercise of separating the comingled from the uncomingled is to prepare for when it doesn’t. It’s a wise precaution, when so many marriages don’t last. After the 5-ish years, I just felt secure enough in the marriage and in our maturity that I thought it was no longer necessary to prepare against the possibility of a divorce. Was it a test? I guess you can call it that, but it was nothing so discrete. Balancing my check book one night, I suddenly realized it was silly to keep unmingled my premarriage assets, so I stopped. The test, if you want to call it that, happened in increments and subconsciously over 5 years. Now, a banker friend did have an explicit concept of vesting. He had a pretty concrete schedule of moving assets into the community, and he stuck to it. They’re still happily married, as far as I can tell.” Comments by “garysixpack” and “yet_another_dave,”
http://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2011/02/money-talks-yours-mine-and-ours/70664/#
.
27
That concept so crucial to Jane Austen’s understanding of love—which is finally, after having been neglected for decades between her time and ours, a subject of scientific research into human physiology today. Brizendine, op. cit., pp. 68ff.
28
And their physiological basis in oxytocin, which Jane Austen didn’t know about.
29
Being one of these myself, I don’t like to hear that I start out with this disadvantage, but that’s the fact.
30
“Practice Makes Problems,”
Penn State Online Research
24, no. 1, (May 24, 2004),
http://www.rps.psu.edu/0405/practice.html
, summarizing the results published by C.M. Camp Dush, C.L. Cohan, and P.R. Amato in “The Relationship between Cohabitation and Marriage Quality and Stability: Change across Cohorts?” in the August 23
Journal of Marriage and the Family,
vol. 65, no. 3, pp. 539–49.
33
In which case, as Edmund Bertram points out, she is “acting upon motives of vanity.”
34
See the dialogue on long engagements between Mrs. Musgrove and Mrs. Croft that sets up Anne’s conversation with Captain Harville on men and women in love.
35
Or even before that, as we’ll see below.
36
As with attachment, “working on your relationship” is a greater hazard for women than for men. It calls on all our natural relationship expertise and sometimes carries us to absurd lengths. Remember the scene in
Fried Green Tomatoes
when Kathy Bates’s husband comes home to find her knocking down an interior wall of their house with a sledgehammer? She astonishes him by revealing the motivation behind her frenetic activities. She’s been “TRYING TO SAVE OUR MARRIAGE!”—a marriage he is astonished to learn needs saving.
37
But consider how the two projects are in conflict. If you are deciding whether to commit to someone, his character and yours are the givens. You’re solving an equation using those givens to determine the variable, which is whether the relationship should continue. “Working on your relationship” means exactly the reverse—the relationship is the given, and the man and woman are the variables that are going to be changed by it—the relationship is the standard by which the individuals are measured and to which they must increasingly conform themselves. Taking on this project makes sense after marriage; at least, it makes sense if marriage is for life. But deciding whether to marry a person requires the opposite attitude—starting from your own character and desires as the standard, and evaluating the man to judge whether a permanent relationship with him is a good thing. But once the relationship (rather than the individuals and their characters, hopes, and freedom to choose) is the given, “working on our relationship” can become a full-time project for the woman. She becomes occupied with
changing the man—and, even more, with changing herself—for the sake of what they have together.
Any two people trying to get along encounter frictions that have to be worked through; any reasonable people know that the fault is never all on one side. Even in relationships with clear and very narrow limits (between coworkers, for example), people learn that they have to curb their own tempers and expectations to get along.
And a woman in a romantic relationship with a man feels an infinitely greater need to learn accommodation. Not so much because men are particularly unaccommodating, as because women are caught between two overpowering desires. On the one hand, women have a compelling need to have everything just so. We want our houses decorated according to our own taste and our kitchen utensils arranged by our own organizational principles; we want our weddings to be just like we’ve imagined since we were eight years old; we want our husbands to guess what we want for our birthdays; we want Valentine’s Day to unfold just the way we’ve secretly been hoping it would. A woman wants a man to meet a thousand expectations she has about what her man will be like. On the other hand, the ordinary woman has a real talent for generous, self-critical, even self-sacrificing, love. (Joseph McPherson, a friend who became the headmaster of a girls’ school after a long career educating boys, told me the thing that has surprised him most: girls are so eager to please—they care so much about and work so hard to meet the teachers’ expectations.) Any woman seeing a man as a potential mate is at some point going to become frustrated that he doesn’t exactly meet her expectations. She’s going to want to ask him to change. But any woman of sense is going to realize very soon that some of her wishes are unreasonable. She’s going to begin struggling against the worse angels of her nature, to learn to love more generously. This struggle, essential to happiness if you’ve got a long-term commitment you can count on, can be a fatal distraction from the task of figuring out how to pick the right person in the first place.
Which is one reason Jane Austen’s heroines don’t “work on their relationships” until they’ve got permanent relationships. During courtship, they expect men to be the ones working hard to please. (As Henry Tilney explains when he’s comparing dancing to marriage, men’s and women’s “duties are exactly exchanged; the agreeableness, the compliance are expected from him” in dancing; from her, in marriage.)
38
Think how alone Jane Austen heroines are. They exhibit almost superhuman control in keeping their secrets—and not just from men. Elinor can’t tell anyone
about Edmund’s secret engagement; she suffers in silence. Elizabeth doesn’t let even Jane know that she’s coming to love Darcy, after all. Fanny keeps her feelings for Edmund a deep, dark secret from everyone for years, until he finally comes to want to love her as much as her heart desires. Emma suffers the pangs of hopeless love for Mr. Knightley for only two days, but they’re forty-eight hours she spends under torture, believing that every future year of her life is going to be miserably inferior to her happy past. And Anne doesn’t tell even her one real friend that she regrets giving up Captain Wentworth, much less that she now cares for him as much as ever.
39
Her heroines do have confidantes, and some of this secret-keeping is a result of special circumstances that make her plots run better—Lucy’s telling Elinor about the engagement in confidence, and so forth.
40
Stop right there, some indignant women’s studies professor is bound to be thinking—you’ve got it exactly backwards. The old rules weren’t about women’s freedom and happiness at all. Just the opposite! Those rules were really for virginity preservation, which is by no stretch of the imagination about female liberty. It’s all about controlling women by catering to men’s patriarchal desire to treat us as property. Men get off on having a piece of sexual property that belongs only to themselves. And their brittle egos can’t hold up under the comparisons women will make if we’re sexually experienced. So a patriarchal society arranges for girls to be locked up by their fathers until they can be handed over to their husbands. That way, a husband will never have to compete with other men for his wife’s esteem, and he can get pretty much the same kind of kick out of deflowering her that little boys get from making impressions in virgin snow. All the rules Jane Austen heroines live by are just vestiges of the patriarchal system for controlling women—internalized chastity belts, as it were, constraining women’s freedom and happiness, not promoting them.
Well, the angry women’s studies professor would have just one thing right. Jane Austen was—don’t faint from shock, now—no fan of sex outside marriage. But if you think Jane Austen was, either consciously or unconsiously, in league with the patriarchy to keep women inexperienced for the benefit of possessive men, please tell me what you’re smoking. And if you think the rules Elizabeth Bennet and Anne Elliot live by put them at the mercy of men’s greed and selfishness—in comparison with modern women like Marguerite Fields, say—please explain where you’ve been for the past few decades of the mating scene on Planet Earth.
41
After all, Jane Austen was one of those when she started writing
Persuasion
!
42
Partly because of the residual influence of that very guy I dated in high school. For which—and for a lot of other things—I don’t mean to sound ungrateful! I
first read Kierkegaard and Tolstoy because of him. Our friendship was a good thing in many ways, despite the “working on our relationship” trap. Now that I’m so much older than we both were then, I find myself taking a kind of maternal interest in his welfare, hoping that he eventually managed to unlearn the lessons of our relationship and find a woman he could love with his whole heart.
43
And so much evidence that modern women are ready to try what Jane Austen has to offer.
44
Though one youth minister (Craig Strickland, now the pastor of Hope Presbyterian Church in Cordova, Tennessee) did make an argument that you should never say “I love you” until you also meant “and I want to marry you.” (I now very much wonder from what source or process of reasoning he derived this idea, which was taken for granted in Jane Austen’s day.) I tried to follow this advice, too; the guy I dated in high school had a heck of a time prying the first “I love you” out of me. But there wasn’t enough of a context for that one rule to make any real difference in the progress of the relationship. By the time we were wrangling over whether I should answer his “I love you’s,” we were already well into a quasi-commitment of the very sort the real, original rules were designed to keep me clear of.
45
Though “beau” is old-fashioned and quaint to us, notice that to Jane Austen it was new and rather vulgar: “‘And had you a great many smart beaux [in the neighborhood of Norland]?’” asks Lucy’s Steele’s appalling older sister. “‘I suppose you have not so many in this part of the world; for my part, I think they are a vast addition always.’
“‘But why should you think,’ said Lucy, looking ashamed of her sister, ‘that there are not as many genteel young men in Devonshire as in Sussex?’ ...
“‘I suppose your brother was quite a beau, Miss Dashwood, before he married, as he is so rich?’
“‘Upon my word,’ replied Elinor, ‘I cannot tell you, for I do not perfectly comprehend the meaning of the word. But this I can say, that if he ever was a beau before he married, he is one still, for there is not the smallest alteration in him.’”