The Lie Detectors (37 page)

167
"Sometimes a frame-up": LAT,
8/9/24.

168
"a cave man": LAT,
8/9/24.

169
"If such a test": LAT,
8/9/24.

170
"either mentally unbalanced": LAT,
8/8/24.

171
"diseased":
J. J. Mart, quoted in Vollmer,
Law Enforcement in Los Angeles,
116.

172 73

173
"The Chinese have":
Clyde Plummer, quoted in Vollmer,
Law Enforcement in Los Angeles,
172.

174
"poorly assimilated":
R. Lee Heath, quoted in Vollmer,
Law Enforcement in Los Angeles,
163.

175
"[I]t is my opinion":
A.V. to Guy E. Marion, 6/3/33, quoted in Carte and Carte,
Police Reform,
61.

176
"[A]nd even psychology":
F. Scott Fitzgerald,
This Side of Paradise,
ed. James L. West III and Lynn Seltzer (New York: Simon and Schuster, [1920], 1998), 80.

177
"He is a practical":
CKP/3: C.K. to Rieber, 9/9/24.

178
"the billiard ball tops":
LKP/2: Heck [Ralph Brandt] to L.K., [1924].

179
"If study interferes":
Percy Marks,
The Plastic Age
(Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, [1924], 1980), 135.

180
"And what are the symptoms":
LKP/3: L.K. to "Youngster," 1/27/26.

181
"Rattlesnake":
LKP/2: Alyson to L.K., n.d.

182
"sweetest when stewed":
LKP/3: E.K. to L.K., 9/26/27.

183
A notebook:
LKP-DoD: L.K.,"Physiological and Psychological Influences on Quantitative Blood Pressure," April 1925–June 1930.

184
"let [the courts] come":
JLP/8: J.L. to L.K., 5/5/24.

185
"Yes, I am ashamed":
LKP/3: L.K. to A.V., 5/20/25.

186
"You might not":
JLP/7: J.L. to L.K., 3/23/27.

187
"After all your kindnesses":
JLP/8: L.K. to J.L., 5/1/27.

188
"Recording Arterial Blood Pressure":
LKP/3: C.K. to L.K., 2/20/30.

189 "
great scientific interest":
LKP/1: Eckhoff (White, Prost, and Fryer) to L.K., 8/6/29.

190
"Apparatus for Recording":
L.K.,"Apparatus," Patent, No. 1,788,434 (1/31/31).

191
"turn[ed] out machines":
LKP/1: L.K. to W. J. Foster, 4/23/31.

192
"Emotograph":
LKP/3: C.K. to L.K., 2/7/30.

193
"Respondograph":
JWP: L.K. to John Wigmore, 8/12/29.

194
"commercial and purely mechanical":
JLP-BG: J.L. and Robert Borkenstein, "Present Status of Lie Detector…," [late 1950s].

195
all but two out of sixty:
LKP/3: L.K. to C.K., 2/3/26.

196
According to Applegate:
Author interviews with Penelope Eckert (10/19/2003) and Thomas "App"Applegate (1/18/2004).

197
"We bought some":
KAP: K.A. to parents, 7/26.

198
"the lie detector man":
KAP: K.A. to parents, 2/18/26.

199
"Nard Keeler is the pleasantest":
KAP: K.A. to parents, 2/18/26.

200
"Friday night":
KAP: K.A. to Clare Applegate, [1926].

201
"an aloof dignity":
E.K.,
Lie Detector Man,
24.

202
"startlingly brilliant":
LKP/3: L.K. to C.K., 3/5/33.

203
"He is over six":
KAP: K.A. to parents, 12/26/24.

204
"get it through":
KAP: K.A. to parents, 6/21/26.

205
"Keeler has built":
JLP/8: A.V. to J.L., 5/1/29.

206
"You’re the only":
JLP/7: L.K. to J.L., 12/3/27.

207
"Law should be":
William T. Stead,
If Christ Came to Chicago!
(Chicago, Ill.: Laird and Lee, 1894), 354.

208
"He that has eyes":
Sigmund Freud, "Fragment of an Analysis of a Case of Hysteria," [1901],
The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works
(London: Hogarth, 1953–1974), 7:77–78.

209
Boarding the "el":
JLP/2: J.L., "Faked Hold-Up," and JLP/8: J.L. to Charles Sloan, 7/2/24.

210
"Nothing at home":
Clifford Shaw,
The Natural History of a Delinquent Career
(Chicago, Ill.: University of Chicago Press, 1931), 62–63. One of "Blotzman’s" favorite books was
Sister Carrie,
and his description enthusiastically echoes her arrival.

211
"playing the loop":
BPP/10: J.L. to A.V., 8/1/24.

212
"the disease is ushered":
J.L. and A. Walker,"Paranoia," 353.

213
"city fronting a lake":
BPP/10: J.L. to A.V., 4/1/26.

214
"has any [city]":
BPP/10: J.L. to A.V., 8/9/24.

215
"[T]he cops use":
BPP/10: J.L. to A.V., 12/12/24.

216
"rubber hose":
BPP/10: J.L. to A.V., 10/17/24.

217
"not Utopian":
J.L.,"Present Police," 253.

218
"I sure would like":
BPP/8: J.L. to A.V., 8/9/24.

219
"swift implacable justice":
Robert E. Crowe, quoted in Hal Higdon,
Leopold and Loeb,
64.

220
"The mawkish sympathy":
Henry Barrett Chamberlin,"Crime as a Business in Chicago,"
Bulletin of the Chicago Crime Commission
(10/1/19): 3–4.

221
Larson first explained:
J.L.,"The Use of the Polygraph in the Study of Deception,"
Welfare Magazine
18 (May 1927): 646–669, see 665. Keeler describes the method in similar terms in County of Green Lake Circuit Court:
State of Wisconsin v. Tony Grignano and Cecil Loniello
(2/35), 405–457.

222
"comes hard and late":
G. Stanley Hall, "Children’s Lies,"
Pedagogical Seminary
1 (1911): 211–218, quotation, 217.

223
"precocious":
G. Stanley Hall,
Adolescence: Its Psychology
(New York: Appleton, 1904), 1:xvi; for deception, see 2:366.

224
Studies seemed to show:
Hugh Hartshorne and Mark A. May, "Studies in Deceit," in
Studies in the Nature of Character
(New York: Macmillan, [1928], 1930), 1:245, 271. Lloyd Lewis and Herman Justin Smith,
Chicago: The History of Its Reputation
(New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1929), 491.

225
"excessive and notorious":
William Healy and Mary Tenney Healy,
Pathological Lying, Accusation, and Swindling: A Study in Forensic Psychology
(Boston, Mass.: Little, Brown, [1915], 1922), 5.

226
"clandestine sexual habits":
William Healy,
Honesty: A Study of the Causes and Treatment of Dishonesty among Children
(Indianapolis, Ind.: Bobbs-Merrill, 1915), 100.

227
"impartial administration":
BPP/10: J.L. to A.V., 8/9/24.

228
Healy, back in town:
William Healy,
People v. Leopold and Loeb,
8/4/24, at http://www.leopoldandloeb.com/drhealy.html. See the court-ordered evaluation, Karl M. Bowman, "Richard Loeb," 6/24/24, 76–78, at http://homicide.northwestern.edu/crimes/leopold/.

229
"good stuff on them":
BPP/10: J.L. to A.V., 9/18/24.

230
Between 1923 and 1927:
J.L. and G. W. Haney, "Cardio-Respiratory Variations," 1054–1059.

231
"showing up some of the methods":
BPP/10: J.L. to A.V., 5/31/26.

232
"run the roost"
to
"It seems these women":
BP/10: J.L. to A.V., 8/9/24.

233
"colossal joke":
LJP/7: J.L. to A.V., [6/26].

234
"than this baby here":
BPP/10: J.L. to A.V., 7/27/27.

235
"Dose guys were kidding":
JLP/2: J.L.,"Faked Holdup.".

236
"Any honorable work":
BPP/10: J.L. to A.V., 6/14/26.

237
"I own the police":
Torrio, quoted in Kenneth Allsop,
The Bootleggers and Their Era
(New York: Doubleday, 1961), 61.

238
"Nobody knows": CT,
11/4/23.

239
"nearly had a hemorrhage":
BPP/10: J.L. to A.V., 5/26/26.

240
"loaded at both ends":
BPP/10: J.L. to Herman Adler, 5/24/26.

241
"wrong and a liar":
BPP/10: J.L. to A.V., 6/14/26.

242
"caveman tactics":
JLP/7: A.V. to J.L., 6/18/26.

243
"ditch":
BPP/10: J.L. to A.V., 8/9/24.

244
"scatter-brained":
BPP/10: J.L. to A.V., 6/8/26.

245
"Your reactions of necessity":
JLP/7: A.V. to J.L., 6/7/26.

246
Larson had vilified Adler:
LJP/7: J.L. to A.V., [6/26].

247
"natural inclination":
BPP/10: J.L. to A.V., 6/21/27.

248
"I at least have":
BPP/10: J.L. to A.V., 7/27/27.

249
"autopsies on old records":
JLP-JH: Adolf Meyer to J.L., 6/29/29.

250
"something in his personality":
JLP-JH: Margaret Larson to Adolf Meyer, "Private Note," 6/23/29.

251
"There ain’t a police":
Raymond Chandler,
The Long Goodbye,
in
Later Novels and Other Writings
(New York: Library of America, [1953], 1995), 455.

252
"The prisons are":
LKP-DoD: L.K.,"Day by Day around a Jail," 1929.

253
"a nice kindly":
LKP/3: L.K. to Aunt Kit [Gorrill], 7/23/29.

254
"will be treated":
LKP-DoD: L.K.,"Day by Day around a Jail," 1929.

255
Keeler now wanted:
LKP-DoD: L.K.,"Merit System," [August 1929].

256
"corrupt cesspools":
LKP-DoD/B36: L.K.,"Day by Day around a Jail.".

257
"But all this is about":
LKP/3: L.K. to C.K., 7/18/29.

258
"I hate the impudence":
Walter Lippmann, "The Great Confusion: A Reply to Mr. Terman,"
New Republic
33 (1923): 146.

259
African-American community:
Walter White, "People and Places,"
Chicago Defender,
12/25/43.

260
"the man’s conflicts":
LKP-DoD: L.K.,"Merit System," [8/29].

261
"Damn rotten":
LKP/3: L.K. to Aunt Kit [Gorrill], 7/23/29.

262
"higher type of man":
CKP/7: L.K. to C.K., n.d. [August–September 1929].

263
"truth finder":
LKP/3: C.K. to L.K., 8/17/30.

264
"the soul to its lair":
LKP/3: C.K. to L.K., 7/21/30.

265
"a rescitation"
to
"get my wrath":
BPP/10: L.K. to A.V., 4/17/30.