The Life and Death of Anne Boleyn (90 page)
Read The Life and Death of Anne Boleyn Online
Authors: Eric Ives
11
House of Commons,
i.53.
House of Commons,
i.53.
12
LP,
ix.566 [dated by 594], 525, 555, 571.
LP,
ix.566 [dated by 594], 525, 555, 571.
13
Cal. S. P. Span.
,
1536-38,
pp. 39-40
[LP,
x.282].
Cal. S. P. Span.
,
1536-38,
pp. 39-40
[LP,
x.282].
14
Ibid., p. 28 [
LI;
x.199];
LP,
x.495; Friedmann,
Anne Boleyn,
ii.202-3:
‘La chose m’est bien difficile a croyre, oyres quell soit venue de bon lieu.’
Ibid., p. 28 [
LI;
x.199];
LP,
x.495; Friedmann,
Anne Boleyn,
ii.202-3:
‘La chose m’est bien difficile a croyre, oyres quell soit venue de bon lieu.’
15
LP,
ix.566;
Cal.
S. P.
Span
.,
1534-35,
p. 550 [
LP
, ix.594].
LP,
ix.566;
Cal.
S. P.
Span
.,
1534-35,
p. 550 [
LP
, ix.594].
16
LP,
vi.1164; Friedmann,
Anne Boleyn,
i.233;
LP,
ix.566.
LP,
vi.1164; Friedmann,
Anne Boleyn,
i.233;
LP,
ix.566.
17
LP
, ix.862 and p. xxxii.
LP
, ix.862 and p. xxxii.
18
Mattingly,
Catherine of Aragon,
pp. 302-4.
Mattingly,
Catherine of Aragon,
pp. 302-4.
19
Friedmann,
Anne Boleyn,
ii.121.
Friedmann,
Anne Boleyn,
ii.121.
20
Cal. S. P. Span.
,
1534-35,
p. 551 [
LP
, ix.594]; Wriothesley,
Chronicle,
i.32;
LP,
ix.378, 838, 964, 965, 969, 980, 987. See p. 33.
Cal. S. P. Span.
,
1534-35,
p. 551 [
LP
, ix.594]; Wriothesley,
Chronicle,
i.32;
LP,
ix.378, 838, 964, 965, 969, 980, 987. See p. 33.
21
Ibid., ix.674;
Cal. S. P. Span
.,
1534-35,
p. 484 [
LP
, viii.826].
Ibid., ix.674;
Cal. S. P. Span
.,
1534-35,
p. 484 [
LP
, viii.826].
22
Ibid.,
1536-8,
p. 97 [
LP
, x.699].
Ibid.,
1536-8,
p. 97 [
LP
, x.699].
23
Ibid.,
1536-8,
pp. 19, 28 [
LP
, x.141, 199]. Hall,
Chronicle
, p. 818, says that Anne wore yellow, Chapuys that Henry did.
Ibid.,
1536-8,
pp. 19, 28 [
LP
, x.141, 199]. Hall,
Chronicle
, p. 818, says that Anne wore yellow, Chapuys that Henry did.
24
Cal. S. P. Span., 1534-35,
p. 595 [
LP
, ix.1035].
Cal. S. P. Span., 1534-35,
p. 595 [
LP
, ix.1035].
25
Ibid., p. 28 [
LP
, ix.199].
Ibid., p. 28 [
LP
, ix.199].
26
LP
, x.200;
Cal. S. P. Span., 1536-38,
p. 67 [
LP
, x.427].
LP
, x.200;
Cal. S. P. Span., 1536-38,
p. 67 [
LP
, x.427].
27
Ibid., p. 39 [
LP
, x.282]. The claim [Warnicke,
Rise and Fall,
pp. 196-8] that Anne miscarried possibly as early as 23 Jan. and that the failure of Chapuys to mention this in a supposed letter of 3 Feb. shows that the news must have been deliberately concealed is based on wrong dating by
Cal. S. P. Span., 1536-38
, and is without merit. For what Chapuys knew on 29 Jan. see p. 298.
Cal.
S.
P. Span., 1536-38
should be corrected as follows: pp. 34-5 ‘7 Mar.’
not ‘
3 Feb.’ [
LP
, x.429]; pp. 39-42a ‘10’
not ‘17
Feb.’ [
LP,
x.282]; pp. 42b-45 ‘17 Feb.’ [
LP,
x.307]; pp. 68-70 ‘18’
not
‘10 Mar.’ [
LP
, x.494].
Ibid., p. 39 [
LP
, x.282]. The claim [Warnicke,
Rise and Fall,
pp. 196-8] that Anne miscarried possibly as early as 23 Jan. and that the failure of Chapuys to mention this in a supposed letter of 3 Feb. shows that the news must have been deliberately concealed is based on wrong dating by
Cal. S. P. Span., 1536-38
, and is without merit. For what Chapuys knew on 29 Jan. see p. 298.
Cal.
S.
P. Span., 1536-38
should be corrected as follows: pp. 34-5 ‘7 Mar.’
not ‘
3 Feb.’ [
LP
, x.429]; pp. 39-42a ‘10’
not ‘17
Feb.’ [
LP,
x.282]; pp. 42b-45 ‘17 Feb.’ [
LP,
x.307]; pp. 68-70 ‘18’
not
‘10 Mar.’ [
LP
, x.494].
28
Wriothesley,
Chronicle
, i.33.
Wriothesley,
Chronicle
, i.33.
29
The queen was at least 4½ months from ‘taking her chamber’. The sex would be especially difficult to tell if, as can happen, there was any retention.
The queen was at least 4½ months from ‘taking her chamber’. The sex would be especially difficult to tell if, as can happen, there was any retention.
30
Sander,
Schism
, p. 132; the mass of flesh appears in Berkshire Record Office, Trumble MS 5, f. 6 which is associated with Sander: Dowling, ‘Cronickille’, p. 40.
Sander,
Schism
, p. 132; the mass of flesh appears in Berkshire Record Office, Trumble MS 5, f. 6 which is associated with Sander: Dowling, ‘Cronickille’, p. 40.
31
Warnicke, Rise
and Fall,
ch. 8. Cf. D. M. Loades,
Mary Tudor: A Life
(Oxford, 1989), p. 97; J. A.
Guy, Tudor England
(Oxford, 1988), pp. 141-2; P. M. Gross,
Jane the Quene, Third Consort of King Henry VIII
(Lampeter, 1999), p. 31. How general such a superstition was is to be doubted: D. Cressy,
Birth, Marriage & Death
(Oxford, 1997), p. 47.
Warnicke, Rise
and Fall,
ch. 8. Cf. D. M. Loades,
Mary Tudor: A Life
(Oxford, 1989), p. 97; J. A.
Guy, Tudor England
(Oxford, 1988), pp. 141-2; P. M. Gross,
Jane the Quene, Third Consort of King Henry VIII
(Lampeter, 1999), p. 31. How general such a superstition was is to be doubted: D. Cressy,
Birth, Marriage & Death
(Oxford, 1997), p. 47.
32
J. Loach, ‘The usurped and unjust empire of women’, in
JEH
, 42 (1992), 287.
J. Loach, ‘The usurped and unjust empire of women’, in
JEH
, 42 (1992), 287.
33
LP
, xiii (i), 493.
LP
, xiii (i), 493.
34
Warnicke,
Rise and Fall,
ch. 8.
Warnicke,
Rise and Fall,
ch. 8.
35
Cal. S. P. Span., 1536-38,
p. 28 [
LP
, x.199]. Friedmann,
Anne Boleyn,
ii.203.
Cal. S. P. Span., 1536-38,
p. 28 [
LP
, x.199]. Friedmann,
Anne Boleyn,
ii.203.
36
See p. 327.
See p. 327.
37
Chapuys’ despatch detailing Henry’s words is dated 29 Jan., but he did not report the miscarriage until his next letter. Since Henry could not have spoken of failure to have sons as long as Anne’s pregnancy continued, his remark must have been passed on by the Exeters before they learned why Henry had said it.
Chapuys’ despatch detailing Henry’s words is dated 29 Jan., but he did not report the miscarriage until his next letter. Since Henry could not have spoken of failure to have sons as long as Anne’s pregnancy continued, his remark must have been passed on by the Exeters before they learned why Henry had said it.
38
One would expect this to be Carewe,, but why did Chapuys not identify him (as usual)?
One would expect this to be Carewe,, but why did Chapuys not identify him (as usual)?
39
Epistle to the Galatians, chapter 3 verse 1.
Epistle to the Galatians, chapter 3 verse 1.
40
Cal. S. P. Span.,
1531-,33, p. 28 [
LP;
vi.1528 ].
Cal. S. P. Span.,
1531-,33, p. 28 [
LP;
vi.1528 ].
41
H. A. Kelly, ‘English kings and the fear of sorcery’,
Medieval Studies,
39 (1977), 235.
H. A. Kelly, ‘English kings and the fear of sorcery’,
Medieval Studies,
39 (1977), 235.
42
Neale,
Queen Elizabeth,
p. 17.
Neale,
Queen Elizabeth,
p. 17.
43
Cal. S. P. Span., 1536-38,
pp. 39-40 [
LP,
x.282 ].
Cal. S. P. Span., 1536-38,
pp. 39-40 [
LP,
x.282 ].
44
Ibid., p. 59 [
LP,
x.351].
Ibid., p. 59 [
LP,
x.351].
45
Lehmberg,
Reformation Parliament,
pp. 221-8, 237 and n. 4. Shrovetide 1536 was from Sunday 26 Feb. to Thursday 2 Mar. The provisions of the dissolution bill became public knowledge on or before 3 Mar. Henry was meticulous in being readily available at parliament time.
Lehmberg,
Reformation Parliament,
pp. 221-8, 237 and n. 4. Shrovetide 1536 was from Sunday 26 Feb. to Thursday 2 Mar. The provisions of the dissolution bill became public knowledge on or before 3 Mar. Henry was meticulous in being readily available at parliament time.
46
LP
, x.283, 450.
LP
, x.283, 450.
47
George Wyatt, in
Wolsey,
ed. Singer, pp. 443-4.
George Wyatt, in
Wolsey,
ed. Singer, pp. 443-4.
48
Sander,
Schism
, p. 132.
Sander,
Schism
, p. 132.
49
Clifford,
Dormer
, p. 79.
Clifford,
Dormer
, p. 79.
50
See pp. 313-14.
See pp. 313-14.
51
LP,
x.352.
LP,
x.352.
52
LP,
x.670 at p. 269.
LP,
x.670 at p. 269.
53
e.g.
Cal. S. P. Span., 1536-38,
p. 106 [
LP,
x.752] and his subsequent housing of Jane: see p. 327.
e.g.
Cal. S. P. Span., 1536-38,
p. 106 [
LP,
x.752] and his subsequent housing of Jane: see p. 327.
54
Cal. S. P. Span., 1536-38,
pp. 81,84-5 [
LP,
x.601]. For Eliot see also A. Fox, ‘Sir Thomas Eliot and the humanist dilemma’, in A. Fox and J. A. Guy,
Reassessing the Henrician Age: Politics and Reform, 1500-1550
(Oxford, 1986), pp. 59-60.
Cal. S. P. Span., 1536-38,
pp. 81,84-5 [
LP,
x.601]. For Eliot see also A. Fox, ‘Sir Thomas Eliot and the humanist dilemma’, in A. Fox and J. A. Guy,
Reassessing the Henrician Age: Politics and Reform, 1500-1550
(Oxford, 1986), pp. 59-60.
55
Cal. S. P. Span., 1534-35,
p. 520 [
LP,
viii.1106];
Cal. S. P. Span., 1534-35,
p. 520 [
LP,
viii.1106];
56
LP,
x.670 at p. 269.
LP,
x.670 at p. 269.
57
Cal. S. P. Span., 1536-38,
pp. 84, 106 [
LP,
x.752 ].
Cal. S. P. Span., 1536-38,
pp. 84, 106 [
LP,
x.752 ].
58
Friedmann,
Anne Boleyn,
ii.200 [
LP,
x. 901].
Friedmann,
Anne Boleyn,
ii.200 [
LP,
x. 901].
59
Elton, ‘The good duke’, in
Studies,
i.234.
Elton, ‘The good duke’, in
Studies,
i.234.
60
Wyatt, Poems, CVII, p. 112.
Wyatt, Poems, CVII, p. 112.
61
LP
, x.495.
LP
, x.495.
62
George Wyatt, in
Wolsey,
ed. Singer, p. 444.
George Wyatt, in
Wolsey,
ed. Singer, p. 444.
63
For the following see Ives, in
History Today,
50, 48-53.
For the following see Ives, in
History Today,
50, 48-53.
64
Cal.
S. P.
Span., 1536-38,
p. 85,106- 7 [
LP
, x.601, 752].
Cal.
S. P.
Span., 1536-38,
p. 85,106- 7 [
LP
, x.601, 752].
65
Ibid., p. 107 [
LP,
x.782]. Cf. his remarks to Cromwell, ibid., pp. 81-2 [
LP,
x.601 ].
Ibid., p. 107 [
LP,
x.782]. Cf. his remarks to Cromwell, ibid., pp. 81-2 [
LP,
x.601 ].
66
Cal. S. P. Span., 1536-38,
pp. 84-5 [
LP
, x.601 J. Chapuys was told this story by both Lady Exeter and Thomas Elyot.
Cal. S. P. Span., 1536-38,
pp. 84-5 [
LP
, x.601 J. Chapuys was told this story by both Lady Exeter and Thomas Elyot.
67
George Wyatt, in
Wolsey,
ed. Singer, p. 443; Berkshire RO, Trumble MS 5, f. 6.
George Wyatt, in
Wolsey,
ed. Singer, p. 443; Berkshire RO, Trumble MS 5, f. 6.
68
See pp. 85-6.
See pp. 85-6.
69
Strickland,
Queens of England,
ii.273.
Strickland,
Queens of England,
ii.273.
70
LP,
x.909; Strickland,
Queens of England,
ii.274-5.
LP,
x.909; Strickland,
Queens of England,
ii.274-5.
1
Cal.
S. P Span., 1536-38,
p. 106 [LP x.752]. I have been unable to locate G. Walker’s source [
Hist. Journ.
45, 13] for attributing to me the statement that Henry approached Stokesley on 27 April. Chapuys’ report makes it certain that this was a private enquiry, probably by Geoffrey Pole or someone on behalf of Anne’s enemies.
Cal.
S. P Span., 1536-38,
p. 106 [LP x.752]. I have been unable to locate G. Walker’s source [
Hist. Journ.
45, 13] for attributing to me the statement that Henry approached Stokesley on 27 April. Chapuys’ report makes it certain that this was a private enquiry, probably by Geoffrey Pole or someone on behalf of Anne’s enemies.
2
Cal. S. P. Span., 1536-38,
p. 124 [
LP,
x.908].
Cal. S. P. Span., 1536-38,
p. 124 [
LP,
x.908].
3
Lehmberg,
Reformation Parliament,
pp. 57, 218.
Lehmberg,
Reformation Parliament,
pp. 57, 218.
4
LP,
x.597(3), (4).
LP,
x.597(3), (4).
5
Lehmberg,
Reformation Parliament,
p. 230;
Cal. S. P. Span., 1536-38,
p. 102 [
LP
, x.699].
Lehmberg,
Reformation Parliament,
p. 230;
Cal. S. P. Span., 1536-38,
p. 102 [
LP
, x.699].
6
LP, x.243 (24). For this decision in the autumn of 1535 see
LP,
ix. 779.
LP, x.243 (24). For this decision in the autumn of 1535 see
LP,
ix. 779.
7
LP, x.715. Chapuys’ letter to Granvelle [ibid., 753] attributes Carewe’s success to the support of Francis I; his letter of the same date to Charles portrays the election as a defeat for Anne and her brother:
Cal. S. P. Span., 1536-38,
p. 106 [
LP,
x.752 The letter to Granvelle is correct; Francis had requested the order for Carewe in 1533 and had been promised it in 1535;
LP
, vi.555, 707; viii.174.
LP, x.715. Chapuys’ letter to Granvelle [ibid., 753] attributes Carewe’s success to the support of Francis I; his letter of the same date to Charles portrays the election as a defeat for Anne and her brother:
Cal. S. P. Span., 1536-38,
p. 106 [
LP,
x.752 The letter to Granvelle is correct; Francis had requested the order for Carewe in 1533 and had been promised it in 1535;
LP
, vi.555, 707; viii.174.
8
LP, x.741, 749. Stafford was, however, close to Edward Fox, DNB, vii.555.
LP, x.741, 749. Stafford was, however, close to Edward Fox, DNB, vii.555.
9
Cal. S. P. Span., 1536-38,
pp. 81-2 [
LP
, x.601].
Cal. S. P. Span., 1536-38,
pp. 81-2 [
LP
, x.601].
10
See pp. 282-3. For the following see Ives, in
Hist. Journ.,
37, 395-400.
See pp. 282-3. For the following see Ives, in
Hist. Journ.,
37, 395-400.
11
RO SP1/103 f 79. The material on the sermon consists of two hostile summaries and a set of interrogatories: RO SP6/1 ff. 7-11v; SP6/2 ff. 11-13; SP1/ 103 ff. 78-84. There are related MSS: RO SP/2 f. 18 sqq and SP6/6 ff. 70 sqq.
RO SP1/103 f 79. The material on the sermon consists of two hostile summaries and a set of interrogatories: RO SP6/1 ff. 7-11v; SP6/2 ff. 11-13; SP1/ 103 ff. 78-84. There are related MSS: RO SP/2 f. 18 sqq and SP6/6 ff. 70 sqq.
12
RO SP6/1 f. 8.
RO SP6/1 f. 8.
13
RO SP6/2 f. 12.
RO SP6/2 f. 12.
14
RO SP6/1 f. 9.
RO SP6/1 f. 9.
15
RO SP1/103 ff. 79v, 80; 6/1 f. 7v.
RO SP1/103 ff. 79v, 80; 6/1 f. 7v.
16
RO SP6/1 f 8v.
RO SP6/1 f 8v.
17
Ibid.
Ibid.
18
Lehmberg,
Reformation Parliament,
p. 226; D. Knowles,
Religious Orders in England,
iii (Cambridge, 1959), pp. 293-303.
Lehmberg,
Reformation Parliament,
p. 226; D. Knowles,
Religious Orders in England,
iii (Cambridge, 1959), pp. 293-303.
19
Hugh Latimer,
Sermons,
ed. G. E. Corrie (Parker Society, 1844), p. 123. Knowles’ objections are to a precision Latimer probably did not intend.
Hugh Latimer,
Sermons,
ed. G. E. Corrie (Parker Society, 1844), p. 123. Knowles’ objections are to a precision Latimer probably did not intend.
20
For the following, see Hoyle, in Hist.
Journ.,
38 (1995), 284-99.
For the following, see Hoyle, in Hist.
Journ.,
38 (1995), 284-99.
21
See p. 286-7.
See p. 286-7.
22
RO SP6/1 f. 11.
RO SP6/1 f. 11.
23
Lehmberg,
Reformation Parliament,
p. 227. But the reference to Henry ‘giving’ could mean that the measure was the poor law: ibid., 232 n. 1.
Lehmberg,
Reformation Parliament,
p. 227. But the reference to Henry ‘giving’ could mean that the measure was the poor law: ibid., 232 n. 1.
24
RO SP 6/1 ff. 8, 9v; 6/2 f. 12v; Fletcher and MacCulloch,
Tudor Rebellions,
p. 131; see also n. 30 below.
RO SP 6/1 ff. 8, 9v; 6/2 f. 12v; Fletcher and MacCulloch,
Tudor Rebellions,
p. 131; see also n. 30 below.
25
RO SP6/1 f. 8v, ‘I shall bring into your coffers ten thousand talents.’ Cf. Vulgate
Liber Hester,
chapter 3, verses 8-9: ‘dixitque Aman regi Asuero ... si tibi placet decerne ut pereat et decem mila talcntorum adpendam arcariis gazae tuae’ [‘if it please you, give a decision that this people should perish and that I should pay 10,000 talents for the archers into the treasury’ ].
RO SP6/1 f. 8v, ‘I shall bring into your coffers ten thousand talents.’ Cf. Vulgate
Liber Hester,
chapter 3, verses 8-9: ‘dixitque Aman regi Asuero ... si tibi placet decerne ut pereat et decem mila talcntorum adpendam arcariis gazae tuae’ [‘if it please you, give a decision that this people should perish and that I should pay 10,000 talents for the archers into the treasury’ ].
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