The Mafia Encyclopedia (7 page)

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Authors: Carl Sifakis

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Page 10
Pretty Amberg, often described as the
worst Jewish criminal ever raised in
America, was immortalized by Damon
Runyon in his short stories as the
racketeer who bought a laundry
business because he needed bags to
stuff all his corpses in.
Remarkably, Louis did not kill the man; instead he bragged about the offer.
Pretty Amberg however had no time for showbiz. There was too much money to be made in loan-sharking. Unlike the banks of Brownsville that hesitated to loan money to new immigrants, Pretty and his brother Joe never turned down an applicant. Of course they did charge interest, a mere 20 percent per week, and as Joe counted out the money, Pretty would snarl at the borrower, "I will kill you if you don't pay us back on time." He wasn't kidding.
The Ambergs were so successful that they expanded their loan-sharking activities to Borough Hall in downtown Brooklyn, but Pretty's malicious heart remained in Brownsville. He was the king of Pitkin Avenue where his idea of fun was to stroll into a cafeteria and spit in people's soup. If a diner raised an objection, Pretty would tilt the whole bowl on his lap. Even Buggsy Goldstein, who would soon become one of the more deadly killers in the fledgling Murder, Inc., silently took Pretty's abuse. Famous Murder, Inc., stool pigeon Abe Reles later told the law, "The word was that Pretty was nutty."
Pretty expanded his control of Brownsville to include bootlegging. The speakeasy that did not take Pretty's booze got bombed. Soon Pretty was awash with money, and he became a well-known gorilla-about-town. Waiters vied to tend him since he never tipped less than $100. (We owe the following special intelligence to Damon Runyon, that the first time New York's playboy mayor, Jimmy Walker, saw Pretty at his favorite watering hole, the Central Park Casino, His Honor vowed to stay off booze.)
Amberg further expanded his criminal activities to include laundry services for Brooklyn businesses. Although his charges were steep, he offered businessmen a deal they couldn't refusethey used his laundry and they stayed in business.
Some dark-humored journalists insisted Pretty got into the laundry racket just so he would have a supply of laundry bags for all his stiffs. It is a fact that laundry bags stuffed with corpses started littering the streets of Brooklyn about this time. One victim turned out to be an Amberg loan shark client who was in arrears for $80. Pretty was picked up on a murder charge, but he laughed it off, stating, "I tip more than that. Why'd I kill a bum for a lousy 80 bucks?"
Actually that was Pretty Amberg for you. His credo was to knock off customers who were behind in their payments for small total sums. That way their demise would cost him very little on his original investment and at the same time serve as a powerful warning to bigger debtors. The police knew all about this but could prove nothing. Pretty had to be let loose.
Pretty protected his domain from other gangsters in the early 1930s. The Depression had hit criminal operations and most crime leaders were looking for more ways to make a buck. Big-time racketeer Owney Madden once told Pretty that he'd never been in Brownsville in his life and suggested he come out and "let you show me the sights." Ever the diplomat, Pretty, who was carving up a steak at the moment, replied, "Tell you what, Owney, if I ever see you in Brownsville, I'll cut your heart out on the spot."
Next, Legs Diamond made noise about moving into the area. Pretty informed him, "We'll be pals, Jack, but if you ever set foot in Brownsville, I'll kill you and your girlfriend and your missus and your whole damn family."
With the end of Prohibition the financial stresses got worse. Dutch Schultz, by then down to little more than a multimillion dollar numbers racket centered in Harlem, told Amberg, "Pretty, I think I'm going to come in as your partner in Brooklyn."
"Arthur," Pretty said, "why don't you put a gun in your mouth and see how many times you can pull the trigger."
Page 11
Pithy comments were not enough to put off a tough like Schultz. In 1935 he put a couple of his boys, Benny Holinsky and Frank Dolak, in a new loan office in Borough Hall, just a block away from the Amberg operation. Within 24 hours the two Schultz men were bullet-riddled corpses.
The Schultz-Amberg war broke out in earnest, and the next victim was Joey Amberg, killed in an ambush. Later, in October 1935, both Pretty Amberg and Schultz died. Schultz's execution had been ordered by the Luciano-Lansky crime syndicate. It may well be that the boys also had Amberg put out of the way. However, there is a quainter story told by some observers. According to this version, each man was responsible for having the other knocked off. Amberg supposedly paid some hit men $25,000 down to murder Schultz with another $25,000 payable on completion of the contract.
In the meantime Amberg was murdered, supposedly on Schultz's orders. His body was pulled from a blazing automobile on a Brooklyn street, charred beyond all recognition. There was wire wrapped around his neck, arms and legs and it took several days for an identification to be made. In the meantime some gunmen blasted Dutch Schultz in a Newark chop house. Poor Schultz may have died never knowing Pretty Amberg had gone to his reward.
Actually, it was never determined whether Amberg's death was a Schultz job or a Luciano-Lansky caper. There was even a third theory that Amberg had been murdered by an angry gang of armed robbers with whom he had joined in a major job and then taken most of the loot for himself.
In Brooklyn, most everyone thought it was about time somebody did something about Pretty Amberg.
Anastasia, Albert (19031957): Executioner and crime family boss
Albert Anastasia, chief executioner of Murder, Inc., found his unbridled brutality could land him leadership of one of the most important Mafia families in the country. But, preoccupied with killing, he was not really a competent godfather, a fact decisively indicated by the efficient and prosperous operation of the family under Anastasia's underboss and successor, Carlo Gambino.
One of nine brothers, Italian-born Anastasia jumped ship in the United States sometime between 1917 and 1920. He became active in Brooklyn's dock operations and rose to a position of authority in the longshoreman's union. It was here that Anastasia first demonstrated his penchant for murder at the slightest provocation, killing a fellow longshoreman in the early '20s. Nor was his executioner's behavior pattern altered by a consequent 18-month stay in the death house in Sing Sing. He went free when, at a new trial, the four most important witnesses turned up missing, a situation that proved permanent.
Dead witnesses forever littered Anastasia's trail. In the mid-1950s Anastasia was prosecuted for income tax evasion. The first trial ended in a hung jury. A second trial was scheduled for 1955. Charles Ferri, a Fort Lee, New Jersey, plumbing contractor who had collected $8,700 for work he had performed on Anastasia's home, was expected to be a key witness. In April, about a month before the retrial, Ferri and his wife disappeared from their blood-splattered home in a Miami, Florida, suburb. Some time earlier Vincent Macri, an Anastasia associate, had been found shot to death, his body stuffed in the trunk of a car in the Bronx. A few days after that, Vincent's brother Benedicto was declared missing, his body supposedly dumped in the Passaic River. The erasure of the two Ferris and the two Macris was seen as part of a plot to eliminate all possible witnesses against Anastasia. At Anastasia's trial the crime boss suddenly entered a guilty plea and was sentenced to one year in federal prison. It was unlikely the government would have accepted what amounted to a plea bargain had it still had a full arsenal of witnesses against him.
Considering Anastasia's lifelong devotion to homicide as the solution to any problem it was not surprising that he and Louis "Lepke" Buchalter were installed as the operating heads of the national crime syndicate's enforcement arm, Murder, Inc. Some estimates have it that Murder, Inc., may have taken in a decade of operation a toll of between 400 and 500 victims. Unlike Lepke and many other members of Murder, Inc., Anastasia was never prosecuted for any of the crimes. There was a "perfect case" against him, but the main prosecution witness not surprisingly disappeared.
Anastasia was always a devoted follower of others, primarily Lucky Luciano and Frank Costello. His devotion to Luciano knew no bounds. When in 1930 Luciano finalized plans to take over crime in America by destroying the two old-line Mafia factions headed by Joe the Boss Masseria and Salvatore Maranzano, he outlined his plot to Anastasia. He knew the Mad Hatter, as Anastasia had become known, would enthusiastically kill for him. Anastasia responded by seizing Luciano in a bear hug and kissing him on both cheeks. "Charlie," he said, "I been waiting for this day for at least eight years. You're gonna be on top if I have to kill everybody for you. With you there, that's the only way we can have any peace and make the real money." Anastasia was personally part of the four-man death squad that mowed down Masseria in a Coney Island restaurant in 1931.
During World War II Anastasia appears to have been the originator of a plan to free Luciano from prison by
Page 12
Albert Anastasia, Lord High
Executioner of Murder, Inc., was
assassinated in a Manhattan
barbershop. Crime experts agreed
Anastasia would have approved of
the efficiency of the operation,
matching that of many of his own kills.
winning him a pardon for "helping the war effort." To accomplish the goal, Anastasia set out to create problems on the New York waterfront so the Navy would agree to any kind of deal to stop sabotage. The French luxury liner S.S.
Normandie
, in the process of being converted into a troopship, burned and capsized in New York harbor. Anastasia was credited with ordering his brother, Tough Tony Anastasio (different spelling of the last name), to carry out the sabotage. Afterward, a deal was made for Luciano to get lighter treatment in prison, and Anastasia was informed to cease waterfront troubles. Lansky years later told his Israeli biographers: "I told him face to face that he mustn't burn any more ships. He was sorrynot sorry he'd had the
Normandie
burned but sorry he couldn't get at the Navy again. Apparently he had learned in the Army to hate the Navy. 'Stuck-up bastards' he called them."
Anastasia's violent ways could be contained as long as Luciano and Costello pulled the strings. In 1951 Costello may well have been the prime mover in Anastasia's rise to boss of the Mangano crime family in which he was technically an underling. Through the years boss Vince Mangano had fumed at Anastasia's closeness to Luciano, Costello, Adonis and others and that they used him without first seeking Mangano's approval. Frequently Mangano and Anastasia almost came to blows over family affairs, and it was considered only a matter of time until one or the other was killed. In 1951 Vince's brother, Phil Mangano, was murdered and Vince himself became another in Anastasia's legion of the permanently missing. Anastasia then claimed control of the family with Costello's active support. At a meeting of all the bosses of New York families, Costello backed up Anastasia's claim that
Page 13
Mangano was planning to kill Anastasia and that Albert had a right to act in self-defense. Faced with a fait accompli the other bosses could do nothing but accept Anastasia's elevation.
It appears Costello had other motivation for wanting Anastasia in control of the crime family. Costello at the time was facing a concentrated challenge from Vito Genovese for control of the Luciano family now that Luciano was in exile. Up until 1951 Costello had depended for muscle on New Jersey crime family boss Willie Moretti, but Moretti was in the process of losing his mind and would soon be a rubout in a "mercy killing" by the mob. That meant Costello needed new muscle and Anastasia, with a family of gunmen behind him, would make a strong foil to Genovese.
Unfortunately, as a crime boss Anastasia turned even more kill-crazy than ever. In 1952 he even ordered the murder of a young Brooklyn salesman named Arnold Schuster after watching Schuster bragging on television about his role as primary witness in bank robber Willie Sutton's arrest. "I can't stand squealers!" Anastasia raged to his men. "Hit that guy!"
In killing Schuster, Anastasia had violated a cardinal crime syndicate rule which ran, as Bugsy Siegel once quaintly put it, "We only kill each other." Outsidersprosecuters, reporters, the public in generalwere not to be killed. Members of the general public could only be hit if the very life of the organization or some of its top leaders were threatened. This certainly was not the case with Arnold Schuster, a man whose killing generated much heat on the mob. Like other members of the syndicate, even Luciano in Italy and Costello were horrified, but they could not disavow Anastasia because they needed him to counter Genovese's growing ambitions and power. Genovese cunningly used Anastasia's kill-crazy behavior against him, wooing supporters away from Anastasia on that basis. Secretly over a few years time Genovese won the cooperation of Anastasia's underboss, Carlo Gambino. Gambino in turn recruited crime boss Joe Profaci to oppose Anastasia.
Still, Genovese dared not move against Anastasia and his real target, Costello, because of Meyer Lansky, the highest-ranking and the most powerful member of the national syndicate. Normally Lansky would not have supported Genovese under any circumstances, their dislike for each other going back to the 1920s. But in recent years Lansky was riding high as the king of casino gambling in Cuba, cutting in other syndicate bosses for lesser shares. When Anastasia leaned on him for a piece of the action, Lansky refused. So Anastasia started working on plans to bring his own gambling setup into Cuba. That was not something Lansky took lightly. Anyone messing with his gambling empire went. That applied to Lansky's good friend Bugsy Siegel and it certainly applied to Anastasia. Up until then Lansky had preferred to let Anastasia and Genovese bleed each other to death, but now he gave his approval to the former's eradication.
Anastasia's rubout was carried out with an efficiency that the former lord high executioner of Murder, Inc., would have approved. On the morning of October 25, 1957, Anastasia entered the barbershop of the Park Sheraton Hotel in New York for a quick going over. Anastasia's bodyguard parked the car in an underground garage and then most conveniently decided to take a little stroll. Anastasia relaxed in the barber chair, closing his eyes. Suddenly two men, scarves covering their faces, marched in. One told the shop owner, Arthur Grasso, who was standing by the cash register: "Keep your mouth shut if you don't want your head blown off."
The pair moved on Anastasia's chair, shoving the attending barber out of the way. Anastasia still did not open his eyes. Both men shot Anastasia, who after the first volley jumped to his feet. Anastasia lunged at his killers or what he thought were his killers, trying to get them with his bare hands. Actually he attacked their reflection in the mirror. It took several more shots to drop him, but he finally fell to the floor dead.
Like virtually all gang killings, the Anastasia murder remains unsolved. It is known, though, that the contract was given to Joe Profaci who passed it on to the three homicidal Gallo brothers from Brooklyn. Whether they did it themselves or let others handle the actual gunning was never determined.
The double-dealing did not cease with Anastasia's death. Gambino now secretly deserted Genovese and joined with Lansky, Luciano and Costello in a plot that would entrap Genovese in a narcotics conviction and send him away to prison for the rest of his life. In that sense Anastasia was avenged, but it was not with the abrupt finality that the kill-crazy executioner would likely have preferred.
See also: Normandie,
S.S.; Tenuto, Frederick J
.
Anastasia Crime Family: See Gambino Crime Family.
Anastasio, Anthony "Tough Tony" (19061963): Waterfront racketeer
For about three decades, until his death in 1963, Tough Tony Anastasio ruled the New York waterfront with an iron fist. A vice president of the International Longshoremen's Association and head of Local 1814, he had other, more important, unofficial offices. Although never officially connected to Murder, Inc., and brother

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