The Natural Superiority of Women (66 page)

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Authors: Ashley Montagu

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Page 312
9. Some early approaches were made by Gertrude R. Levy,
The Gate of Horn: A Study of the Religious Conceptions of the Stone Age and Their Influence upon European Thought
(London: Faber & Faber, 1948); Herbert G. Spearing,
The Childhood of Art
(London: Ernest Benn, 1930); André Leroi-Gourhan,
Treasures of Prehistoric Art
(New York: Abrams, 1967); H. Frankfort and H. A. Frankfort, eds.,
The Intellectual Adventure of Ancient Man
(Chicago: University of Chicago, 1946); Otis T. Mason,
Woman's Share in Primitive Culture
(London and New York: Macmillan, 1985); Robert Briffault,
The Mothers,
3 vols. (London: Allen & Unwin, 1929); Johannes Maringer,
The Gods of Prehistoric Man
(New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1960); Sharon W. Tiffany, ed.,
Women and Society
(St. Albans, Vt.: Eden Press, 1979).
10. Erich Neumann,
The Great Mother
(New York: Pantheon Books, 1955); Briffault,
The Mothers;
David Bakan,
And They Took Themselves Wives: The Emergence of Patriarchy in Western Civilization
(New York: Harper & Row, 1971); Marija Gimbutas,
The Gods and Goddesses of Old Europe: 7000-3500 B .C .
(Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1974).
11. Gimbutas,
Gods and Goddesses;
and
The Language of the Goddess
(San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1989). See also Eleanor Gadun,
The Once and Future Goddess
(San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1989); Margaret Ehrenberg,
Women in Prehistory
(Norman & London; University of Oklahoma Press, 1989); Gerda Lerner,
The Creation of Patriarchy
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1986); Merlin Stone,
Ancient Mirrors of Womanhood
(Boston: Beacon Press, 1991).
12. Gimbutas,
Language of the Goddess,
xx; Rattray Taylor,
Sex in History .
13.
Gylany,
a term coined by Riane Eisler in her book,
The Chalice and the Blade
(San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1987), combining prefixes taken from Greek,
gy
"woman" and
an
"man," and the letter l standing for the linking of both halves of humanity in which both are equal. See also Eisler,
Sacred Pleasure .
14. Gimbutas,
Language of the Goddess,
xx.
15. Davaid Bakan,
And They Took Themselves Wives;
Lerner,
Creation of Patriarchy .
16. The Archaeological Institute of America,
Archeaological Discoveries in the Holy Land
(New York: Thomas Y. Crowell, 1967); Ralph Patai,
The Hebrew Goddess
(New York: KTAV Publishing House, 1967); Emmanuel Anati,
Palestine Before the Hebrews
(New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1963).

 

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Page 313
17. Anati, 115.
18. Ralph Linton,
The Study of Man
(New York: Appleton-Century, 1936), 116.
19. Charles P. Mountford,
Aboriginal Conception Beliefs
(Melbourne: Hyland House, 1981); Ashley Montagu,
Coming into Being Among the Australian Aborigines,
2d ed. (London & Boston: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1974).
20. Agnes C. Vaughan, "The Genesis of Human Offspring: A Study in Early Greek Culture,"
Smith College Classical Studies
12 (June 1945): viii-117.
21. For an extraordinary and original early examination of this subject, including a magnificent discussion of the qualities of women and their denigration by men, see M. A. R. Tuker's wonderful book,
Past & Future of Ethics
(London: Oxford University Press, 1938). It is a book that will always be worth reading; it is a work which, as the Scottish philosopher David Hume said of his own great work,
A Treatise of Human Nature
(1739), "fell stillborn from the press."
22. Ashley Montagu, "The Origins of Subincision in Australia,"
Oceana
8 (1937): 107-207; Montagu,
Coming into Being .
23. Over the last twenty years Fran Hosken of Lexington, Mass., has been performing the herculean task of producing a world survey of sexual mutilations and the status of women,
Women's International Network News .
See also the field work inquiry by Hanny Lightfoot-Klein,
Prisoners of Ritual: An Odyssey into Female Genital Circumcision in Africa
(New York: The Haworth Press, 1989); Ashley Montagu, "Mutilated Humanity,"
The Humanist
55 (July/August 1995): 12-15.
24. June Ehrlich, Mildred A. Moorehead, and Ray E. Trussell,
The Quantity, Cost of Medical and Hospital Care Secured by a Sample of Teamster Families in the New York Area
(New York: Columbia University, School of Public Health and Administrative Medicine, 1962), 3.
25. Edith Jacobson, "The Development of the Wish for a Child in Boys,"
The Psychoanalytic Study of the Child,
V (New York: Free Press, 1954); Leon Salzman, "Psychology of the Female,"
Archives of General Psychiatry
17 (1967): 195-203; Francis Cerra, ''Before Surgery, Second Opinion Urged,"
New York Times
(8 August 1975), 28.
26. Ashley Montagu, "Physiology and the Origins of the Menstrual Prohibitions,"
Quarterly Review of Biology
15 (1940): 211-20; W.

 

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