The Parthenon Enigma (123 page)

ill.50
Erechtheus and family prepare for sacrifice, flanked by gods, east frieze, slab 5, Parthenon. London, British Museum. Socratis Mavrommatis.

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Erechtheus, Praxithea, and daughters preparing for sacrifice, east frieze, slab 5, Parthenon. London, British Museum. Socratis Mavrommatis.

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Royal family of Elis preparing for chariot race. Archaeological Museum, Olympia, Greece. Marie Mauzy/Art Resource, New York.

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Honorary relief, Athena with Victory crowning her priestess. Berlin, Antikensammlung, Staatliche Museen SK 881. bpk, Berlin/Antikensammlung, Staatliche Museen, Berlin, Germany/Art Resource, New York.

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Funerary relief of priest named Simos. Athens, National Archaeological Museum 772 (photographer: Kostas Konstantopoulos). © Hellenic Ministry of Culture and Sports/ Archaeological Receipts Fund.

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Erechtheus and daughter displaying funerary dress, east frieze, slab 5, Parthenon. London, British Museum. Socratis Mavrommatis.

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Women exercising in palaistra. Bari, Museo Civico 4979. Provincia di Bari, Servizio Beni, Attivita Culturali, Biblioteca Orchestra, Sporte Turismo.

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Polyxena sacrificed by Neoptolemos at tomb of Achilles, Tyrrhenian amphora by Timiades Painter. London, British Museum 1897.0727.2. © The Trustees of the British Museum/Art Resource, New York.

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Serving boy bringing clean clothes to Kastor and Polydeukes, amphora by Exekias. Museo Gregoriano Etrusco, Vatican Museums 344, Vatican State. Scala/Art Resource, New York.

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Women perfuming fabric on swinging stool, oinochoe by Meidias Painter. New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art 75.2.11. Image copyright © Metropolitan Museum of Art. Image source: /Art Resource, New York.

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Bridal
kosmos
with dress and jewelry displayed before bride, pyxis by Painter of the Louvre Centauromachy. Paris, Musée du Louvre CA 587. Erich Lessing/Art Resource, New York.

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Andromeda dressed for sacrifice to sea dragon, pelike. Boston, Museum of Fine Arts 63.2663. © 2014, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston.

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King Kepheus oversees sacrifice of Andromeda, pelike. Boston, Museum of Fine Arts 63.2663. © 2014, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston.

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Poseidon, Apollo, and Artemis, east frieze, slab 6, Parthenon. Athens, Acropolis Museum. © Acropolis Museum. Socratis Mavrommatis.

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Erechtheus and daughter, Athena and Hephaistos, east frieze, slab 6, Parthenon. After J. Stuart and N. Revett,
The Antiquities of Athens
(1787), vol. 2, plate 24.

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Assembly of gods, east frieze, Siphnian Treasury, Delphi. Alison Frantz, American School of Classical Studies at Athens.

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East frieze, slabs 1–9, Parthenon. Nointel Artist and S. Mavrommatis. After C. Hadziaslani and S. Mavrommatis,
Promenades at the Parthenon
(2000), 138.

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Group of men, east frieze, slab 4, Parthenon. London, British Museum. Socratis Mavrommatis.

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Group of maidens, east frieze, slab 8, Parthenon. London, British Museum. Socratis Mavrommatis.

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Youths leading cattle to sacrifice, north frieze, slab 2, Parthenon. Athens, Acropolis Museum. © Acropolis Museum. Socratis Mavrommatis.

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Youths leading ewes to sacrifice, north frieze, slab 4, Parthenon. Athens, Acropolis Museum. © Acropolis Museum. Socratis Mavrommatis.

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North frieze, Parthenon, reconstruction drawing by George Marshall Peters.

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Tray bearer carrying honeycombs, plaster cast of north frieze, slab 5, fig. 15, Skulpturhalle, Basel Antikensmuseum, original in Vatican Museum. J. B. Connelly.

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Tray bearer and men carrying water jars, north frieze, slab 6, Parthenon. Athens, Acropolis Museum. © Acropolis Museum. Socratis Mavrommatis.

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Elders, with one crowning himself, north frieze, slab 10, Parthenon. Athens, Acropolis Museum. © Acropolis Museum. Socratis Mavrommatis.

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South frieze, Parthenon. Nointel Artist and S. Mavrommatis. After C. Hadziaslani and S. Mavrommatis,
Promenades at the Parthenon
(2000), 142–43.

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Charioteer and armed rider, south frieze, slab 31, Parthenon. London, British Museum. Socratis Mavrommatis.

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Victory monument from
apobates
race, found near the City Eleusinion. Athens, Agora Excavations S399. American School of Classical Studies at Athens, Agora Excavations.

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Horse rider, north frieze, slab 41, fig. 114, Parthenon. London, British Museum. Socratis Mavrommatis.

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Horse riders and preparation for procession, west frieze, Parthenon. Socratis Mavrommatis. After C. Hadziaslani and S. Mavrommatis,
Promenades at the Parthenon
(2000), 139.

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Poseidon and Eumolpos ride into battle, Lucanian pelike. Policoro, Museo della Civiltà 35304. DAI Rome (68.1525).

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Athena and daughter of Erechtheus ride into battle, Lucanian pelike. Policoro Museo della Civiltà 35304. DAI Rome (68.1526).

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Nude male, horse rider, adolescent, and boy, north frieze, slab 47, Parthenon. London, British Museum. Socratis Mavrommatis.

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Eugene Andrews taking squeeze of inscription on Parthenon’s east architrave, 1895. Division of Rare and Manuscript Collections, Cornell University.

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Map of Greece. Matt Kania.

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Statue of Nike, Paionios, sanctuary of Zeus at Olympia. Alison Frantz, American School of Classical Studies at Athens.

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Athena Nike temple and bastion, from northwest. Alison Frantz, American School of Classical Studies at Athens.

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Seated Athena from Nike parapet. Athens, Acropolis Museum. © Acropolis Museum. Nikos Danilidis.

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Bronze Athena with other dedications on the Acropolis, reconstruction drawing by G. P. Stevens, 1936. American School of Classical Studies at Athens, Agora Excavations.

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Plan of classical Acropolis. Angela Schuster after John Travlos (1984).

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Western room of Parthenon with proto-Corinthian columns, reconstruction drawing by P. Pedersen,
The Parthenon and the Origin of the Corinthian Capital
(1989), 30.

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Shrine of Neoptolemos and Akanthos Column, sanctuary of Apollo, Delphi. Angela Schuster after M. Maass,
Das antike Delphi
(1993).

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Daughters of Erechtheus as dancing Hyakinthides/Hyades, Akanthos Column, Delphi Museum. Constantinos Iliopoulos.

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Isadora Duncan in peristyle of Parthenon. Gelatin silver print. Edward Steichen, 1920. Courtesy of the Davison Art Center, Wesleyan University. Copy photo: R. J. Phil.

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Athena brandishing spear and shield, accompanied by her owl, krater of Panathenaic shape by the Princeton Painter. New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art 1989.281.89. Image copyright © Metropolitan Museum of Art. Image source: Art Resource, New York.

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Panathenaic prize amphora of Burgon type, showing Athena, with siren on neck. London, British Museum B 130. The Trustees of the British Museum/Art Resource, New York.

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Pankration
competition, Panathenaic prize amphora by the Kleophrades Painter. Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1916 (16.71). Image copyright © Metropolitan Museum of Art. Image source: Art Resource, New York.

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Plan of Erechtheion with foundations of Old Athena Temple. After H. Berve and G. Gruben,
Griechische Tempel und Heiligtümer
(1961), 182, fig. 69.

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Erechtheion, karyatid porch, from southeast. © Robert A. McCabe, 1954–1955.

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Reconstruction drawing of base of Athena Parthenos statue by George Marshall Peters after Neida Leipen,
Athena Parthenos
, 1971, plate 6.

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Athena crowning daughter of Erechtheus, in the company of gods, calyx krater by the Niobid Painter. London, British Museum GR 1856,1213.1. © The Trustees of the British Museum/Art Resource, New York.

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Anesidora crowned by Athena and Hephaistos, Tarquinia Painter, London, British Museum D 4. © The Trustees of the British Museum.

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“Queen of the Night,” terra-cotta relief, Old Babylonian period. London, British Museum GR 2003,0718.10. © The Trustees of the British Museum/Art Resource, New York.

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Death of Prokris, column krater by Hephaistos Painter. London, British Museum GR 1772,0320.36. © The Trustees of the British Museum/Art Resource, New York.

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Athena seated in her sanctuary with three owls, white-ground lekythos by Athena Painter. Kansas City, Mo., Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art (34.289). © Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art.

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Warrior owl, with spear, shield, and crested helmet, ca. 475–450
B.C.
Paris, Musée du Louvre CA 2192. © RMN–Grand Palais/Art Resource, New York.

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Anthropomorphized owl shown spinning, terra-cotta loom weight. Bryn Mawr, Pa., Bryn Mawr College, T-182. © Bryn Mawr College Special Collections.

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Athenian silver tetradrachm, ca. 454–449
B.C.
American Numismatic Society, 1935.117.226.rev.

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Reconstruction model of fortified acropolis at Pergamon, view from west. Berlin, Antikensammlung, Staatliche Museen. bpk, Berlin/Antikensammlug, Staatliche Museen, Berlin Germany/Art Resource, New York.

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South slope of Athenian Acropolis, hypothetical 3-D visualization. D. Tsalkanis,
www.ancientathens3d.com
.

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Reconstruction drawing of victory monument of Attalos II, set at northeast corner of the Parthenon, by Manolis Korres.

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Pergamon Altar. Berlin, Antikensammlung, Staatliche Museen. bpk, Berlin/Antikensammlung, Staatliche Museen, Berlin, Germany/Art Resource, New York.

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Plan of Pergamon Altar showing disposition of Gigantomachy and Telephos friezes, A. Schuster after V. Kastner (1988).

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Athena (crowned by Nike) fights winged giant; Ge emerges from below, east frieze, Pergamon Altar. Berlin, Antikensammlung, Staatliche Museen. bpk, Berlin/Antikensammlung, Staatliche Museen, Berlin, Germany/Erich Lessing/Art Resource, New York.

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Zeus battles Giants, east frieze, Pergamon Altar. Berlin, Antikensammlung, Staatliche Museen. bpk, Berlin/ Antikensammlung, Staatliche Museen, Berlin, Germany/Erich Lessing/Art Resource, New York.

ill.115
“Nyx” hurls orb encircled by serpent, north frieze, Pergamon Altar. Berlin, Antikensammlung, Staatliche Museen. bpk, Berlin/ Antikensammlung, Staatliche Museen, Berlin, Germany/Erich Lessing/Art Resource, New York.

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Serpent attacking eagle, monstrous fish (inset), Gigantomachy frieze, Pergamon Altar, Pergamon. Berlin, Antikensammlung, Staatliche Museen, Berlin, Germany. J. B. Connelly.

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Athena akroteria, Pergamon Altar. Berlin, Antikensammlung, Staatliche Museen. bpk, Berlin/Antikensammlung, Staatliche Museen/Art Resource, New York.

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Poseidon akroteria, Pergamon Altar. Berlin, Antikensammlung, Staatliche Museen. bpk, Berlin/Antikensammlung, Staatliche Museen/Art Resource, New York.

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Triton akroteria, Pergamon Altar. Berlin, Antikensammlung, Staatliche Museen. bpk, Berlin/Antikensammlung, Staatliche Museen/Art Resource, New York.

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Herakles and the infant Telephos, Telephos frieze, Pergamon Altar. Berlin, Antikensammlung, Staatliche Museen. bpk, Berlin/Antikensammlung, Staatliche Museen/Art Resource, New York.

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Telephos welcomed in Mysia, receiving arms from Auge, Telephos frieze, Pergamon Altar. Berlin, Antikensammlung, Staatliche Museen. bpk, Berlin/Antikensammlung, Staatliche Museen/Art Resource, New York.

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Parthenon during reconstruction work, from east, 1987. Socratis Mavrommatis.

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Manolis Korres atop northeast cornice of Parthenon, 1986. Socratis Mavrommatis.

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Reconstruction drawing of east end of twelfth-century Parthenon as church with apse, by Manolis Korres.

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Daguerreotype, P. G. G. Joly de Lotbinière, 1839,
Excursions daguerriennes
(1842). © Rheinisches Bildarchiv Köln.

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Frédéric Boissonnas photographing Parthenon, 1907. © Hellenic Culture Organisation S.A./Depository: Museum of Photography Thessaloniki.