The Purple Decades (39 page)
Read The Purple Decades Online
Authors: Tom Wolfe
Dowd, for one, had entered the Navy in 1961 without the slightest thought of flying or of going to war. The Navy had no such designs for him, either. Quite the contrary. All they asked was that he keep playing basketball! At Yale, Dowd had been an aggressive player, the sort who was matched up against other college stars, such as Dave De Busschere of the University of Detroit (later of the New York Knicks). At the end of his last season, 1961, Dowd was drafted by the Cleveland entry in the new American Basketball Association. He had his naval R.O.T.C. obligation to serve out, however, and the Navy sent him to Hawaii to play ball for the fleet. This he did; his team won the All-Navy championship in 1962. There was nothing to stop him from playing basketball for the rest of his service stint ⦠just putting the ball in the hoop for Uncle Sam in heavy-lidded Hawaii.
Now that he was in the military, however, Dowd, like many service athletes, began to get a funny feeling. It had to do with the intangible thing that made sports so alluring when you were in school or college, the intangible summed up in the phrase “where the action is.” At Yale, as at other colleges, playing sports was
where the action was
âor where the applause, the stardom, and the honor were, to be more exact. But now that he was in the Navy, something about sports, something he had never thought about, became obvious. Namely, all team sports were play-acting versions of military combat.
where the action was
âor where the applause, the stardom, and the honor were, to be more exact. But now that he was in the Navy, something about sports, something he had never thought about, became obvious. Namely, all team sports were play-acting versions of military combat.
It is no mere coincidence that the college sport where there is the greatest risk of injuryâfootballâis also the most prestigious. But the very risk of injury in football is itself but a mild play-acting version of the real thing: the risk of death in military action. So a service athlete was like a dilettante. He was play-acting inside the arena of the real thing. The real thing was always available, any time one had the stomach for it, even in peacetime. There were plenty of ways to hang your side out over the edge in the service, even without going to war. Quite unconsciously, the service athlete always felt mocked by that unspoken challenge. And in the Navy there was no question but that
the
action-of-all-actions was flying fighter planes off carriers.
the
action-of-all-actions was flying fighter planes off carriers.
In his last year at Yale, Dowd had married a girl named Wendy Harter from his home town, Rockville Centre, Long Island. About a year and a half later they had a son, John Jr. And then, out in Hawaii, on those hot liquid evenings when the boy couldn't go to sleep, they would drive him out to Hickam Field to watch the airplanes. Both commercial liners and military fighters came into Hickam. By and by Dowd was taking his wife and his son out there even when the boy was practically asleep in his tracks. One night they were out at Hickam, and Wendy surprised Dowd by reading his mind out loud for him.
“If you like them so much,” she said, “why don't you fly them?”
So he started training ⦠with a vague feeling of
pour le sport.
This was 1963, when the possibility of an American war in Vietnam was not even talked about.
pour le sport.
This was 1963, when the possibility of an American war in Vietnam was not even talked about.
A man may go into military flight training believing that he is entering some sort of technical school where he is simply going to acquire a certain set of skills. Instead, he finds himself enclosed in the walls of a fraternity. That was the first big surprise for every student. Flying was not a craft but a fraternity. Not only that, the activities of this particular brotherhood began to consume all of a man's waking hours.
But why? And why was it so obsessive? Ahhhhhâ
we don't talk about that!
Nevertheless, the explanation was: flying required not merely talent but one of the grandest gambles of manhood. Flying, particularly in the military, involved an abnormal risk of death at every stage. Being a military flight instructor was a more hazardous occupation than deep-sea diving. For that matter, simply taking off in a single-engine jet fighter, such as an F-102, or any other of the military's marvelous bricks with fins on them, presented a man, on a perfectly sunny day, with more ways to get himself killed than his wife and children could possibly imagine. Within the fraternity of men who did this sort of thing day in and day outâwithin the flying fraternity, that
isâmankind appeared to be sheerly divided into those who have it and those who don'tâalthough just what it was ⦠was never explained. Moreover, the very subject was taboo.
It
somehow seemed to be the transcendent solution to the binary problem of Death/Glory, but since not even the
terminology
could be uttered, speculating on the answer became doubly taboo.
we don't talk about that!
Nevertheless, the explanation was: flying required not merely talent but one of the grandest gambles of manhood. Flying, particularly in the military, involved an abnormal risk of death at every stage. Being a military flight instructor was a more hazardous occupation than deep-sea diving. For that matter, simply taking off in a single-engine jet fighter, such as an F-102, or any other of the military's marvelous bricks with fins on them, presented a man, on a perfectly sunny day, with more ways to get himself killed than his wife and children could possibly imagine. Within the fraternity of men who did this sort of thing day in and day outâwithin the flying fraternity, that
isâmankind appeared to be sheerly divided into those who have it and those who don'tâalthough just what it was ⦠was never explained. Moreover, the very subject was taboo.
It
somehow seemed to be the transcendent solution to the binary problem of Death/Glory, but since not even the
terminology
could be uttered, speculating on the answer became doubly taboo.
For Dowd, like every other military pilot, the flying fraternity turned out to be the sort that had outer and inner chambers. No sooner did the novitiate demonstrate his capabilities in the outermost chamber and gain entrance to the next ⦠than he discovered that he was once again a novitiate insofar as entry through the next door was concerned ⦠and on and on the series goes. Moreover, in carrier training the tests confronted the candidate, the eternal novitiate, in more rapid succession than in any other form of flying.
He first had to learn to fly a propeller-driven airplane. Perhaps a quarter of an entering class might be eliminated, washed out, at this stage. Then came jet training and formation flight. As many as 50 percent of those left might wash out at these stages. But in naval flying, on top of everything else, there was the inevitable matter of ⦠the heaving greasy skillet. That slab of metal was always waiting out in the middle of the ocean. The trainees first practiced touching down on the shape of a flight deck painted on an airfield. They'd touch down and then gun right off. This was safe enoughâthe shape didn't move, at leastâbut it could do terrible things to, let us say, the gyroscope of the soul.
That shapeâit's so damned small!
And more novitiates washed out. Then came the day, without warning, when they were sent out over the ocean for the first of many days of reckoning with the skillet. The first day was always a clear day with little wind and a calm sea. The carrier was so steady it seemed to be resting on pilingsâbut what a bear that day was!
That shapeâit's so damned small!
And more novitiates washed out. Then came the day, without warning, when they were sent out over the ocean for the first of many days of reckoning with the skillet. The first day was always a clear day with little wind and a calm sea. The carrier was so steady it seemed to be resting on pilingsâbut what a bear that day was!
When Dowd was in training, aviators learned to land on the flight deck with the aid of a device that bore the horrible, appropriate name of the “meatball.” This was a big mirror set up on the deck with a searchlight shining into it at a 3-degree angleâthe angle of the flight deckâso that it reflected at the same angle. The aviator was to guide himself onto the deck by keeping the great burst of light, the meatball, visible in the center of the mirror. And many, many good souls washed out as they dropped like a brick toward the deck and tried to deal with that blazing meatball. Those who survived that test perhaps thought for a brief moment that at last they were regulars in Gideon's Army. But then came night landings. The sky was black, and the sea was black, and now that hellish meatball bobbed like a single sagging star in outer space. Many good men “bingoed” and washed out at this
juncture. The novitiate was given three chances to land on the deck. If he didn't come in on his first or second approach and flew by instead, then he had to make it on his third, or the word “bingo!” would sound over his earphonesâand over the entire flight deck, as he well knewâmeaning that he would have to fly back to shore and land on a nice, safe immovable airfield ⦠where everyone likewise knew he was a poor sad Bingo coming in from the carrier. It didn't take many bingos to add up to a washout.
juncture. The novitiate was given three chances to land on the deck. If he didn't come in on his first or second approach and flew by instead, then he had to make it on his third, or the word “bingo!” would sound over his earphonesâand over the entire flight deck, as he well knewâmeaning that he would have to fly back to shore and land on a nice, safe immovable airfield ⦠where everyone likewise knew he was a poor sad Bingo coming in from the carrier. It didn't take many bingos to add up to a washout.
One night, when Dowd had just started night training, the sea and the wind seemed to be higher, the clouds seemed lower, the night blacker than he thought possible. From up in the air the meatball seemed to bob and dart around in a crazy fashion, like a BB under glass in one of those roll-'em-in-the-hole games you hold in the palm of your hand. He made two passes and leveled off a good two hundred feet above the ship each time. On the third time around ⦠it suddenly seemed of supreme, decisive, eternal importance that the word “bingo” not sound over
his
earphones. He fought the meatball all the way down in a succession of jerks, shudders, lurches, and whifferdills, then drove his plane onto the deck through sheer will, practically like a nail. The fourth and last deck wire caught him, and he kept the throttle pushed forward into the “full military power” position, figuring he was on the verge of boltering off the end and would have to regain altitude instantaneously. He had his head down and his hand thrust forward, with his engine roaringâfor how long? âGod knowsâbefore it dawned on him that he was actually down safe and could get out. The whole flight deck was waiting for him to shut off his damned engine. As he climbed down from the aircraft, he heard the skipper's voice boom out over the speaker system:
his
earphones. He fought the meatball all the way down in a succession of jerks, shudders, lurches, and whifferdills, then drove his plane onto the deck through sheer will, practically like a nail. The fourth and last deck wire caught him, and he kept the throttle pushed forward into the “full military power” position, figuring he was on the verge of boltering off the end and would have to regain altitude instantaneously. He had his head down and his hand thrust forward, with his engine roaringâfor how long? âGod knowsâbefore it dawned on him that he was actually down safe and could get out. The whole flight deck was waiting for him to shut off his damned engine. As he climbed down from the aircraft, he heard the skipper's voice boom out over the speaker system:
“How do you like flying now, Lieutenant?”
He noted with some satisfaction, however, that they then closed down the deck because of the weather. And was he
now
in the fraternity at last? ⦠Hardly. He was just
beginning.
Everything he had learned to do so far became merely the routine. He was now expected to perform such incredible stunts day in and day out, under conditions of fleet operations and combat.
now
in the fraternity at last? ⦠Hardly. He was just
beginning.
Everything he had learned to do so far became merely the routine. He was now expected to perform such incredible stunts day in and day out, under conditions of fleet operations and combat.
Being a carrier pilot was like being a paratrooper in that it took a while to learn how many different ways you could be killed in the course of an ordinary operation. A fellow F-4 jock, a friend, an experienced aviator, comes in one night low on fuel, not sure he has enough for a second pass, touches down long, bolters, tries to regain altitude, can't, careens off the far end of the deck, fifty thousand pounds of metal and tubes, and sinks without a trace. It all happens in a matter of seconds,
just like that.
Another friend, with even more
experience, a combat veteran,
gets
his without moving a muscle. He's in his F-4, in the flight line, waiting for his turn on the catapult, when the ship up ahead somehow turns at the wrong angle, throttles up without a deflection shield behind it, and the whole fifteen tons of thrust hits his F-4, and the man and his guy-in-back and the ship are blown off the deck like a candy wrapper and are gone foreverâin an instant, a snap of the fingers,
just like that.
just like that.
Another friend, with even more
experience, a combat veteran,
gets
his without moving a muscle. He's in his F-4, in the flight line, waiting for his turn on the catapult, when the ship up ahead somehow turns at the wrong angle, throttles up without a deflection shield behind it, and the whole fifteen tons of thrust hits his F-4, and the man and his guy-in-back and the ship are blown off the deck like a candy wrapper and are gone foreverâin an instant, a snap of the fingers,
just like that.
Yet once an aviator was in combat, all that, too, became simply the given, the hazards of everyday life on the job, a mere backdrop. From now on one found new doors, new tests, coming up with a mad rapidity. Your first day in combat ⦠your first bombing run ⦠first strafing run ⦠the first time you're shot at ⦠the first time you see a SAM ⦠which also means the first time you dive for the deck straight into the maw of the flak cannons ⦠the first time your ship gets dinged by flak ⦠and the first time you
see someone else
in your own formation blown out of the sky over the Northâand in many ways what an aviator saw with his own eyes was more terrible than the sudden unseen things happening to himself.
see someone else
in your own formation blown out of the sky over the Northâand in many ways what an aviator saw with his own eyes was more terrible than the sudden unseen things happening to himself.
For Dowd and Garth Flint this came one day during a bombing run near the Iron Triangle. They were closing in on the target, barreling through the eternal cloud cover, unable to see even the ships in their own wing, when all at once a great livid ghost came drifting straight across their path, from left to right. It was an F-4. It had taken a direct hit, and smoke was pouring out of the cockpit. The smoke enveloped the fuselage in the most ghostly fashion. The pilot had cobbed it to starboard in a furious effort to reach the water, the gulf, to try to bail out where Navy rescue planes could reach them. In the blink of an eye the ghastly cartridge disappeared, swallowed up by the clouds. They would never make it. Dowd and Flint plowed on to the target, following their wing command, even though the gunners below obviously had dead range on the formation. To have done anything else would have been unthinkable.
Unthinkable, to be sure. By late 1967 thinkable/unthinkable played on a very narrow band. The options had been cut back sharply. Both Navy and Air Force fliers were
getting theirs
at a rate that was “astronomical and unacceptable,” by ordinary logic, as Jack Broughton had said. But fliers with a hundred missions over the North were people who by now had pulled the rope ladder up into the pulpit. Somehow they had removed their ties with the ordinary earth. They no longer lived on it. Home and hearth, loved ones and dear onesâit wasn't that they had consciously lost their love or dear regard for such folks and such things ⦠it was just that the dear folks back home were ⦠so far away, back there through such an incalculable number
of chambers and doors. The fliers over the North now lived in, or near, the fraternity's innermost room. Or, at the very least, they now knew
who it was,
finally, who had access to that room. It was not merely he who could be called “brave.” No, it was he who was able to put his hide on the line in combat and then had the moxie, the reflexes, the experience, the coolness to pull it back in the last yawning momentâand then was able to go out again
the next day,
and the next day, and every next day, and do it all over again, even if the series proved infinite. It was the
daily routine
of risking one's hide while operating a hurtling piece of machinery that separated military flying from all other forms of soldiering and sailoring known to history.
getting theirs
at a rate that was “astronomical and unacceptable,” by ordinary logic, as Jack Broughton had said. But fliers with a hundred missions over the North were people who by now had pulled the rope ladder up into the pulpit. Somehow they had removed their ties with the ordinary earth. They no longer lived on it. Home and hearth, loved ones and dear onesâit wasn't that they had consciously lost their love or dear regard for such folks and such things ⦠it was just that the dear folks back home were ⦠so far away, back there through such an incalculable number
of chambers and doors. The fliers over the North now lived in, or near, the fraternity's innermost room. Or, at the very least, they now knew
who it was,
finally, who had access to that room. It was not merely he who could be called “brave.” No, it was he who was able to put his hide on the line in combat and then had the moxie, the reflexes, the experience, the coolness to pull it back in the last yawning momentâand then was able to go out again
the next day,
and the next day, and every next day, and do it all over again, even if the series proved infinite. It was the
daily routine
of risking one's hide while operating a hurtling piece of machinery that separated military flying from all other forms of soldiering and sailoring known to history.
Even
without going into combat
career Navy fighter pilots stood one chance in four of dying in an accident before their twenty years were up, and one chance in two of having to punch out, eject by parachute, at some point. In combat, especially in Vietnam, God knew what the figures were. The Pentagon was not saying. No, the Pentagon itself seemed bent on raising the ante to ridiculous heights, imposing restrictions that every aviator knew to be absurd. And “the nation”? “our country”? “the folks back home”? They seemed to have lost heart for the battle. But even that realization seemed ⦠so far away, back through so many doors. Finally, there was only the business of the fraternity and the inner room.
without going into combat
career Navy fighter pilots stood one chance in four of dying in an accident before their twenty years were up, and one chance in two of having to punch out, eject by parachute, at some point. In combat, especially in Vietnam, God knew what the figures were. The Pentagon was not saying. No, the Pentagon itself seemed bent on raising the ante to ridiculous heights, imposing restrictions that every aviator knew to be absurd. And “the nation”? “our country”? “the folks back home”? They seemed to have lost heart for the battle. But even that realization seemed ⦠so far away, back through so many doors. Finally, there was only the business of the fraternity and the inner room.
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