The Red Flag: A History of Communism (128 page)

Chile,
474–5

Chmieliński, Edmund,
304–5

China

appeal of Bolshevism for,
242
,
245

Beijing’s Ten Great Buildings,
351

break with USSR,
356–7

campaigns against Japan,
255–6

categorization of population,
345

changes since early 1970s,
502–3

cinema in,
300–301

class discrimination,
357–8

class struggle,
299

collapse of empire,
240–41

collectivization in,
309–11

colonization of,
240

Comintern impose control,
255

compared to Korea,
302–3

Confucianism in,
239–40
,
562

controlled liberalization attempt,
352–3

Cultural Revolution,
358–69
,
504

and the destruction of Indonesian party,
400

difficulties embedding Marxism,
244–5

dress reform campaign,
301–2

economic success of,
561

fashion in,
301–2

Gorbachev’s visit 1989,
553–4

Great Leap Forward,
353–7

greatest heroes named in 2002,
556–7

guerrilla ‘people’s war’,
253–4

Guomindang,
247–8
,
265–6

impact of Versailles agreement,
241

industrial labour force,
308

inequalities in,
563

influence on Third World Communists,
376

investments made on political grounds,
563

January Storm,
366

Japanese invasion 1937,
261–2

Jiangxi Soviet Republic,
253

and the Korean War,
298

land reform,
262–3
,
298

Long March,
255

market reforms,
504–8

May 4th movement,
241

May 30th movement,
248

and nationalism,
247–8

New Culture movement,
241

New Democracy era,
297–8

under new liberal trade regime,
523

operas, revolutionary,
361

opposition to Bolshevik-style party,
246

paternalism of state,
436

peasantry as difficult to mobilize,
263

‘People or Monsters’ reportage piece,
503–4

power of managers,
439

rectification as purge,
259–61

relations with USSR,
296–7

Soviet aid to,
352

technocratic Marxism in,
507
,
562

tensions with Moscow,
245

Tian’anmen Square protests and massacre,
553–5

University of the Toilers of the East, Moscow,
246–7

unpopular piece rate and wage systems,
308

USSR as model,
300–302

versions of Communism in,
241–2

Wugong village,
309–11

Yan’an,
256–7

cinema in China,
300–301

Circus
(film),
189–91

civil rights movement, radicalization of,
459–60

civil war in Spain,
194–5

class, difficulty defining,
145

class discrimination in China,
357–8

Cobb, Richard,
197–8

Cohin, Pierre,
11–12

Cold War

causes of,
220–23

ideological security as basis,
229–32

collectives

commitment to,
446

informal/formal,
442

personal relationships, time available for,
441–2

security in,
441

collectivization

China,
309–11

Eastern Europe,
312–13
,
414

post-Stalin,
413

in the USSR,
151–4

Colombia,
391

colonialism, anti-movements, Communism as vehicle for,
236–7

Comecon,
405
,
406
,
469

Cominform, founding conference,
226–7

Comintern

congresses: Baku,
237
; First,
113
,
237
; Second,
122
,
237

control over national parties,
124–7

dissolution in 1943,
206–7

failure in China,
247–9

students,
125–6

Commanding Heights, The
(Yergin and Stanislaw),
557

Communism

author’s impressions 1984

and 1987,
xvii–ix

differing views of,
ix–xx

early origins,
2

Marx’s and Engels’ vision of,
18–20

fall of,
xv–xvi

modernization story,
xx
,
xxi

official credo,
ix–xx

prestige in the West in 1930s,
195–9

repression narrative,
xx–xxi

scientific,
18

Communist Manifesto, The
(Marx),
20
,
29

Confucianism,
239–40
,
562

Connell, James,
51

Conspiracy of the Damned
(film),
229

consumerism,
446–8

consumption

age of,
162

improvement of,
415–16

problems in improving,
416–19

Contras,
529–30

corruption after Russian revolution,
98

countryside

Stalinist policy towards in the 1930s,
151–5

Stalinist regime’s compromises with in the 1930s,
156

Croatia,
551

Cuba

acceptance of modernist economic regime,
468–9

attempts to export revolution,
390–92

Bay of Pigs invasion,
384–6

Castro’s meeting with Mikoian,
384

economic crisis 1963,
389

economic strategy,
565–6

increased discipline following revolution,
386

industrialization,
388

links with USSR,
384

Marxism in following revolution,
386–9

missile crisis,
349
,
386

regime following revolution,
383–4
,
386–9

revolution in,
382–3

Soviet alliance,
386

US’s neo-colonialism in,
382

cults

Mao Zedong,
367–8

Stalin,
162–3

Cultural Revolution, China,
358–69
,
504

culture, embourgeoisement of in USSR,
283–4

Czechoslovakia

1989 compared to previous revolutionary years,
546

Ceauşescu’s alliance with reformers,
403

consequences of USSR’s invasion,
429

demonstrations in 1989,
545

and the Marshall plan,
225

opinions on socialism in 1980s,
511

Popular Front,
213

Prague Spring,
425–8

prospects for Communism in 1945,
213

Soviet invasion of 1968,
403–4
,
427

as supporters of Popular Front,
209–10

unrest following Stalin’s death,
331–2

Dada movement,
104–5

Dalin, Sergei,
246

David, Jacques Louis,
1–2
,
4–5
,
14

Debord, Guy,
457

debt crises,
523–7

Delacroix, Eugène,
16–17

Deng Xiaoping,
502
,
505
,
553

Desanti, Domenique,
292–3