The Rise and Fall of the House of Medici

BOOK: The Rise and Fall of the House of Medici
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PENGUIN BOOKS

THE RISE AND FALL OF THE

 

HOUSE OF MEDICI

 

Christopher Hibbert was born in Leicestershire in 1924 and educated at Radley and Oriel College, Oxford. He served as an infantry officer during the war, was twice wounded and was awarded the Military Cross in 1945. Described in the
New Statesman
as ‘a pearl of biographers’, he is, in the words of
The Times Educational Supplement
, ‘perhaps the most gifted popular historian we have’. His many highly acclaimed books include the following titles, most of which are published by Penguin:
The Destruction of Lord Raglan
(which won the Heinemann Award for Literature in 1962),
London: The Biography of a City, The Rise and Fall of the House of Medici, The Great Mutiny: India 1857, The French Revolution, Garibaldi and His Enemies, Rome: The Biography of a City, Elizabeth I: A Personal History of the Virgin Queen, Florence: The Biography of a City, Nelson: A Personal History, George III: A Personal History
and
The Marlboroughs: John and Sarah Churchill 1650– 1744
.

Christopher Hibbert is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature and an Hon. D. Litt. of Leicester University. He is married with two sons and a daughter, and lives in Henley-on-Thames.

 

CHRISTOPHER HIBBERT

 
THE RISE
AND FALL OF
THE HOUSE
OF
MEDICI
 

 

PENGUIN BOOKS

PENGUIN BOOKS

Published by the Penguin Group

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First published by Allen Lane 1974
Published in Penguin Books 1979
34

 

Copyright © Christopher Hibbert, 1974
All rights reserved

Except in the United States of America, this book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, re-sold, hired out, or otherwise circulated without the publisher’s prior consent in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition including this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser

ISBN: 978-0-14-192714-5

FOR EVE WEISS

 

AND IN MEMORY OF

 

ROBERTO

 
CONTENTS
 
    

 

    

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

    

 

    

AUTHOR’S NOTE

    

 

    

MAPS

    

 

    

PART ONE · IL QUATTROCENTO

 
    

I

    

FLORENCE AND THE FLORENTINES

A Florentine who is not a merchant… enjoys no esteem whatever

    

II

    

THE RISE OF THE MEDICI

Always keep out of the public eye

    

III

    

ENEMIES OF THE ALBIZZI

He has emblazoned even the monks’ privies with his balls

    

IV

    

EXILES AND MASTERS

He is King in all but name

    

V

    

ARCHBISHOPS AND ARCHITECTS

Never shall I be able to give God enough to set him down in my books as a debtor

    

VI

    

WAR AND PEACE

Rencine? Rencine? Where is Rencine?

    

VII

    

ARTISTS AND MOURNERS

Too large a house now for so small a family

    

 

    

PART TWO
· 1464–1492

 
    

VIII

    

PIERO THE GOUTY

When it is a matter of acquiring worthy or strange objects he does not look at the price

    

IX

    

THE YOUNG LORENZO

A naturally joyful nature

    

X

    

THE POPE AND THE PAZZI

Do what you wish provided there be no killing

    

XI

    

THE SAVIOUR OF FLORENCE

That son of iniquity and foster-child of perdition

    

XII

    

THE NEEDLE OF THE ITALIAN COMPASS

If Florence was to have a tyrant,
she could never have found a better or more delightful one

    

XIII

    

LORENZO: PATRON, COLLECTOR AND POET

He had a full understanding of such and all other things

    

 

    

PART THREE
· 1492–1537

 
    

XIV

    

PIERO DI LORENZO DE’ MEDICI AND THE FRIDA FROM FERRARA

Behold! It is the Lord God who is leading on these armies

    

XV

    

THE EXCOMMUNICANT

Someone has his seat in Hell already

    

XVI

    

RETURN OF THE MEDICI

The town of Prato was sacked, not without some bloodshed

    

XVII

    

‘PAPA LEONE!’

God has given us the Papacy. Let us enjoy it!

    

XVIII

    

THE MARCH ON ROME

To teach the Pope a lesson he would never forget

    

XIX

    

SIEGE AND MURDER

Mild measures are useless

    

 

    

PART FOUR
· 1537–1743

 
    

XX

    

DUKE COSIMO I

There is little joy to be discerned in the faces of the people

    

XXI

    

THE HEIRS OF COSIMO

Such entertainments have never been seen before

    

XXII

    

FERDINANDO II AND THE FRENCH PRINCESS

It is her usual conceit to say that she has married beneath her

    

XXIII

    

COSIMO III AND THE GRAND PRINCE FERDINANDO
b‘
Eighteen years is enough. It will serve out my time

    

XXIV

    

THE LAST OF THE MEDICI

Florence is much sunk from what it was

    

 

    

NOTES ON BUILDINGS AND WORKS OF ART

    

 

    

THE PRINCIPAL MEDICI PORTRAITS, BUSTS AND STATUES IN FLORENCE

    

 

    

BIBLIOGRAPHY

    

 

    

GENEALOGICAL TABLES

    

 

    

INDEX

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
 

1.

Cosimo di Govanni de’ Medici by Pontormo (
Uffizi; photo: The Mansell Collection
)

2.

Giovanni di Bicci de’ Medici by Bronzino (
Uffizi; photo: The Mansell Collection
)

3.

Piero di Cosimo de’ Medici by Mino da Fiesole (
Bargello; photo: The Mansell Collection
)

4.

Giovanni di Cosimo de’ Medici by Mino da Fiesole (
Bargello; photo: Alinari
)

5.

Giuliano di Piero de’ Medici by Botticelli (
National Gallery of Art, Washington; Samuel H. Kress Collection
)

6.

Lorenzo de Piero de’ Medici by Verrocchio (
National Gallery of Art, Washington; Samuel H. Kress Collection
)

7.

Lorenzo di Piero de’ Medici, anonymous painting (
Medid-Riccardi Palace; photo: The Mansell Collection
)

8.

A detail of
The Procession of die Magi
by Gozzoli (
Photo: Scald
)

9.

Botticelli’s Adoration of the Magi (Uffizi; photo: The Mansell Collection
)

10.

The courtyard of the Medici Palace by Michelozzo Michelozzi (
Photo: The Mansell Collection
)

11.

Botticelli’s
Young Woman (Pitti Palace; photo: The Mansell Collection
)

12.

Piero di Lorenzo de’ Medici by Bronzino (
Uffizi; photo: The Mansell Collection

13.

Girolamo Savonarola by Fra Bartolommeo (San
Marco Museum; photo: The Mansell Collection
)

14.

The cloister of San Marco (
Photo: The Mansell Collection
)

15.

King Charles VIII’s army entering Florence (
Medici-Riccardi Palace; photo: The Mansell Collection
)

16.

The execution of Savonarola (
San Marco Museum; photo: The Manse Collection
)

17.

The Medici villa II Trebbio by Giusto Utens (
Museo Mediceo; photo: Alinari
)

18.

The Medici villa at Cafaggiolo by Giusto Utens (
Museo Mediceo; photo: Alinari
)

19.

The Ponte Santa Trinità (
Museo Firenze com’ era; photo: Alinari
)

20.

The villa of Poggio a Caiano by Giusto Utens (
Museo Topografico; photo: Alinari
)

21.

Pope Leo X with Cardinals Giulio de’ Medici and Luigi de’ Rossi by Raphael (
Pitti Palace; photo: The Mansett Collection
)

22.

Florence in 1529 by Giorgio Vasari (
Palazzo Vecchio; photo: The Mansell Collection
)

23.

A joust in the Piazza Croce (
Palazzo Vecchio; photo: The Mansell Collection
)

24.

The Medici Palace (
Museo Firenze com era; photo: Alinari
)

25.

The Palazzo Vecchio (
Museo Firenze com’ era; photo: Alinari
)

26.

The lily of the commune of Florence (
Photo: Alinari
)

27.

The Grand Duke Cosimo I by Bronzino (
Borghese Gallery; photo: The Mansell Collection
)

28.

The Grand Duke Cosimo I by Cellini (
Museo Nazionale; photo: The Mansell Collection
)

29.

The Grand Duke Ferdinando I by Pulzone (
Museo Mediceo; photo: Scald
)

30.

The Pitti Palace (
Museo Firenze com’ era; photo: Alinari
)

31.

View of Florence from the Arno (
Museo Firenze com’ era; photo: Alinari
)

32.

View of Florence from the Arno (
Museo Firenze com’ era; photo: Alinari
)

33.

The studiolo of the Grand Duke Francesco I in the Palazzo Vecchio (
Photo: Alinari
)

34.

The Grand Duke Cosimo I (
Photo: The Mansell Collection
)

35.

The Grand Duchess Vittoria della Roverc by Dolci (
Pitti Palace; photo: Alinari
)

36.

The festival of the Omaggi (
Museo Firenze com’ era; photo: Alinari
)

37.

The Grand Duke Ferdinando II by Sustermans (
Uffizi; photo: Alinari
)

38.

and 39. A spectacular performance in the Boboli gardens (
Museo Firenze com’ era; photo: Alinari
)

40.

The Grand Prince Cosimo, later Cosimo III by Sustermans (
Corsini Gallery; photo: Alinari
)

41.

The Grand Prince Ferdinando by Bernini (
Museo Nazionale; photo: Alinari
)

42.

The Grand Duke Gian Gastone (
Pitti Palace; photo: Scald
)

43.

Princess Anna Maria de’ Medici by Douven (
Pitti Palace; photo: Alinari
)

 

Maps and Genealogical Tables by Leo Vernon

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