The Story of Ireland: A History of the Irish People (52 page)

14.
Anti-Jacobin Review
, 28 (1820), quoted in Kelly,
Bard of Erin
, 164.

15.
Maria Edgeworth to Margaret Ruxton, 10 January 1816, in Augustus J. C. Hare (ed.),
Life and Letters of Maria Edgeworth,
Vol. I (London: Edward Arnold, 1894), 235.

16.
‘Mr Twogood’s Irish Journal’, 1 April 1820 (PRO Northern Ireland/Fishmongers’ Company, Mic 9b/17, quoted in Cormac Ó’Gráda, ‘Poverty, population and agriculture, 1801–45’, in W. Vaughan (ed.),
A New History of Ireland V: Ireland Under the Union
, 1801–70, (Oxford: Clarendon, 1989), 109–10.

17.
Maria Edgeworth to Sophy Ruxton, 9 June 1808, in Hare (ed.),
Life and Letters of Maria Edgeworth
, 156.

18.
‘To my Darling Boys’, 10 July 1822, in James L. Pethica and James C. Roy (eds),
‘To the Land of the Free from the Land of Slaves’: Henry Stratford Persse’s Letters from Galway to America, 1831–32
(Cork, 1999), 95, quoted in Bew,
Ireland
, 105.

19.
20 November 1825, quoted in
Journal of Sir Walter Scott
, ed. W. E. K. Anderson (Oxford: Clarendon, 1972), 1.

20.
Gustave de Beaumont,
L’Irlande: sociale, politique et religieuse
, trans. and ed. W. C. Taylor (London and Cambridge: Belknap Press, [1839] 2006), 130.

21.
W. J. O’N. Daunt,
Personal Recollections of the late Daniel O’Connell
, Vol. I (London, 1848), 203, quoted in Oliver MacDonagh,
The Hereditary Bondsman: Daniel O’Connell 1775–1829
(London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1988), 94.

22.
Quoted in Leon Edel (ed.),
Henry James. Literary Criticism: French Writers, Other European Writers
(New York: Library of America, 1984), 58.

23.
See Angela F. Murphy, ‘Daniel O’Connell and the “American Eagle” in 1845: Slavery, Diplomacy, Nativism and the Collapse of America’s First Irish Nationalist Movement’, in
Journal of American Ethnic History
(Winter, 2007).

24.
Herman Melville,
Mardi
(New York: Library of America, [1849] 1982), 1151.

25.
Gearóid Ó’Tuathaigh,
Ireland Before the Famine
(Dublin: Gill & Macmillan, 1972), 162

26.
J. W. Doyle, ‘Letter to Robertson esq. M.P. on a union of Catholic and Protestant churches’ (Dublin, 1824), in Stewart J. Brown and David W. Miller (eds),
Piety and Power in Ireland, 1760–1960
(Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 2000), 24.

27.
Hansard
, 5 March 1829, quoted in Bew,
Ireland
, 121.

28.
John Mitchel,
Jail Journal; or, Five Years in British Prisons
(Glasgow, 1876), 42, quoted in David Dwan,
The Great Community: Culture and Nationalism in Ireland
(Dublin: Field Day, 2008), 10.

29.
Donal Kerr,
Peel, Priests and Politics
(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1982), 108.

Chapter 8 – Hunger

1.
Melville,
Mardi
, 1151.

2.
Father Theobald Mathew, in
Correspondence from July 1846 to January 1847 relating to the measures adopted for the relief of distress in Ireland and Scotland
, in Historical Manuscripts Commission, 1847, li, 26; quoted in James S. Donnelly, Jr, ‘Production, prices and exports, 1846–51’, in W. E. Vaughan (ed.),
A New History of Ireland
VI, 286.

3.
Spectator
, 30 January 1847, quoted in Bew,
Ireland
, 195.

4.
Charles Trevelyan,
The Times
, 12 October 1847, quoted in Bew,
Ireland
, 198.

5.
Nation
, 26 November 1842, quoted in Dwan,
The Great Community
, 44.

6.
Cited in Jeremy Paxman,
The Victorians: Britain through the Paintings of the Age
(London: BBC Books, 2009), 84.

7.
Gansevoort Melville, 20 September 1843, quoted in Hershel Parker,
Herman Melville, A Biography
, Vol. I (Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996), 319.

8.
James Joyce,
A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man
(London: Flamingo, 1994), 234.

9.
Paul Cullen to Alessandro Barnabò, 16 November 1861, quoted in Donal Kerr, ‘Priests, Pikes and Patriots: The Irish Catholic Church and Political Violence from the Whiteboys to the Fenians’, in Brown and Miller (eds),
Piety and Power in Ireland,
34.

10.
Spectator
, 9 March 1867.

Chapter 9 – The Irish Question

1.
Karl Marx to Frederick Engels, 14 December 1867, quoted in Marx and Engels,
On Ireland
(London, 1971), 149.

2.
Hansard
, 1 March 1869.

3.
Quoted in E. J. Feuchtwanger,
Gladstone
(London: Macmillan, 1975), 147.

4.
Hansard
(House of Commons) 3S ccxxiii, 26 April 1875; quoted in F. S. L. Lyons,
Charles Stewart Parnell
(Dublin: Gill & Macmillan, 1977), 40.

5.
Quoted in Lyons,
Charles Stewart Parnell
, 95.

6.
Ibid., 167.

7.
Ibid., 543

8.
National Press
, 26 June 1891, quoted in Frank Callanan,
The Parnell Split, 1890–91
(Cork: Cork University Press, 1992), 126.

9.
Clonmel Nationalist
, 4 July 1891, quoted in Callanan,
The Parnell Split
, 127

10.
National Press
, 27 June 1891, quoted in Callanan,
The Parnell Split
, 129.

11.
W. B. Yeats, ‘Parnell’s Funeral’, in A. Norman Jeffars (ed.),
Poems
(London: Macmillan, 1989), 395.

12.
Joyce,
Portrait
, 233.

13.
See D. George Boyce,
Nineteenth-Century Ireland: The Search for Stability
(Dublin: Gill & Macmillan, 1990), 229.

14.
W. B. Yeats to Katharine Tynan Hinkson, 15 January 1895, in John Kelly (ed.),
Collected Letters of W. B. Yeats
(Oxford: Clarendon, 1986), 425.

Part 5

Chapter 10 – Schisms

1.
Quoted in Keith Jeffrey, ‘The Irish military tradition and the British Empire’, in Keith Jeffrey (ed.),
An Irish Empire? Aspects of Ireland and the British Empire
, (Manchester and New York: Manchester University Press, 1996), 95.

2.
United Irishman
, 21 October 1899, quoted in Karen Steele, ‘“Raising her Voice for Justice”: Maud Gonne and the
United Irishman’
, in
New Hibernia Review
, Vol. 3, No. 2 (Summer 1999), 93.

3.
25 October 1899, quoted in Laurence Marley,
Michael Davitt: Freelance Radical and Frondeur
(Dublin: Four Courts Press, 2007), 240.

4.
Irish People
, 16 December 1899, quoted in Donal P. McCracken,
Ireland and the Anglo–Boer War (
Belfast: Ulster Historical Foundation, 2003), 54.

5.
Quoted in F. S. L. Lyons,
Ireland since the Famine
(London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1971), 246.

6.
The play was long ascribed to Yeats’s pen; it now seems ‘absolutely clear’, however, that it was largely written by Gregory. See Colm Tóibín,
Lady Gregory’s Toothbrush
(Dublin: Lilliput, 2002), 45, 47–8.

7.
Shan Van Vocht
, January 1897. Alice Milligan and Anna Johnston, the paper’s editors, provided Connolly with his first publishing opportunity, even though they disapproved of his socialist aims.

8.
State Papers CSO RP 14068/S, quoted in Austen Morgan,
James Connolly: A Political Biography
(Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1988), 29.

9.
Quoted in F. S. L. Lyons, ‘The Developing Crisis, 1907–14’, in Vaughan (ed.),
A New History of Ireland VI
, 133.

10.
Quoted in J. J. Lee,
Ireland 1912–1985: Politics and Society
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989), 18.

11.
Quoted in F. S. L. Lyons, ‘The revolution in train, 1914–1916’, in Vaughan (ed.),
A New History of Ireland VI
, 196.

12.
Burke’s Peerage
online,
Archive
: fifteenth edn. (1937).

Chapter 11 – Revolution

1.
W. B. Yeats, ‘September 1913’, in
Norton Anthology of English Literature
(New York: Norton, 1979), 1967.

2.
Quoted in Shane Hegarty and Fintan O’Toole,
Irish Times Book of the 1916 Rising
(Dublin: Gill & Macmillan, 2006), 16.

3.
Joe Lee writes: ‘The shopocracy of Galway condemned the rebels equally as stooges of Prussia and of Larkin’ in
Ireland, 1912–1985: Politics and Society
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989), 33.

4.
Irish Independent
, 4 May 1916, cited in Lee,
Ireland, 1912–1985
, 31.

5.
Quoted in Lee,
Ireland
, 31.

6.
Quoted in Hegarty and O’Toole,
Irish Times Book of the 1916 Rising
, 162.

7.
This ‘anonymous’ correspondent was Captain Wilfrid Spender, quoted in Bew,
Ireland: The Politics of Enmity
, 382.

8.
Peter Hart,
Mick: The Real Michael Collins
(London: Macmillan, 2005), 69; also M. A. Hopkinson, ‘Michael Collins’, in
Dictionary of Irish Biography
, Vol. 2 (Dublin and Cambridge: Royal Irish Academy and Cambridge University Press, 2009), 679.

9.
Diarmaid Ferriter,
The Transformation of Ireland, 1900–2000
(London: Profile, 2004), 228.

10.
Austin Clarke, ‘Six Sentences: Black and Tans’, in Hugh Maxton (ed.),
Selected Poems
(Dublin: Lilliput, 1991), 29.

11.
Lee,
Ireland
, 60.

Chapter 12 – Division

1.
Stephen Collins,
The Cosgrave Legacy
(Dublin: Blackwater Press, 1996), 297; quoted in Ferriter,
Transformation of Ireland
, 297.

2.
Osborn Bergin, ‘The Revival of the Irish Language’, in
Studies
, Vol. XVI, No. 61 (March 1927), 19–20, quoted in Terence Brown:
Ireland, A Social and Cultural History, 1922–1985
(London: Fontana, 1985), 52.

3.
Quoted in Peter Hegarty,
Peadar O’Donnell
(Cork: Mercier, 1999), 203.

4.
An Phoblacht
, 11 June 1926; quoted in Hegarty,
Peadar O’Donnell
, 185.

5.
P. S. O’Hegarty,
The Victory of Sinn Féin: how it won it and how it used it
(Dublin: UCD Press, [1924] 1998), 74.

6.
Quoted in Maryann Valiulis, ‘Engendering Citizenship: Women’s Relations to the State in Ireland and the US in the Post-Suffrage Period’, in Valiulis and Mary O’Dowd (eds),
Women in Irish History
(Dublin: Wolfhound Press, 1997), 159–72, 164.

7.
See Molly O’Duffy,
Devout or Deviant? Irish Women, Nationalism and the Criminal Law Amendment Act, 1935
(Thesis: NUI Galway, 2009).

8.
Quoted in Louise Ryan,
Gender, Identity and the Irish Press, 1922–1937: Embodying the Nation
(New York: Edwin Mellen, 2002), 258.

9.
Commission to Inquire into Child Abuse, Chapter Seven: ‘St Joseph’s Industrial School, Artane’, 7.82, 115;
www.childabusecommission.ie

10.
Quoted in Clair Wills,
That Neutral Island: A Cultural History of Ireland during the Second World War
(London: Faber, 2007) 389.

11.
Elizabeth Bowen,
Notes on Éire
(Aubane: Aubane Historical Society, 1999), 8.

12.
Quoted in Wills,
That Neutral Island
, 391.

13.
See Bew,
Ireland
, esp. 480.

14.
Seán O’Faoláin, ‘The Price of Peace’, in
The Bell
, Vol. 10, No. 4 (July 1945), 288, quoted in Brown,
Ireland
, 211.

15.
Samuel Beckett,
All That Fall
, in
Samuel Beckett: The Complete Dramatic Works
(London: Faber, 1986), 194.

16.
Patrick Kavanagh, ‘The Great Hunger’, in
Selected Poems
, ed. Antoinette Quinn (London: Penguin, 2005), 89.

17.
Quoted in Lee,
Ireland
, 314.

18.
UCD Papers of Michael Hayes, 18 June 1951, quoted in Ferriter,
The Transformation of Ireland
, 503.

19.
See Gerard Whelan with Carolyn Swift,
Spiked: Church–State Intrigue and ‘The Rose Tattoo’
(Dublin: New Island, 2002).

20.
Quoted in
Salon.com
, 2 December 1995.

21.
Quoted in Bew,
Ireland: The Politics of Enmity
, 476.

Chapter 13 – Between Here and There

1.
Sinéad Morrissey, ‘Tourism’, in
Between Here and There
(Manchester: Carcanet, 2002), 14.

2.
Louis MacNeice, ‘Snow’, in
Selected Poems
(London: Faber, 1964), 27.

3.
Seamus Heaney,
The Cure at Troy
(New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1991), 77.