The Swerve (48 page)

magic, 60–61, 73

Malpaghino, Giovanni, 121–22

Manilius, 48

manuscripts:

annotation of, 23, 88, 221, 248–49, 256, 306
n

copies of, 17–18, 32–33, 35, 37–41, 47, 49, 50, 84–86, 88, 109, 112–16, 121, 130, 133–34, 135, 152, 154, 155–56, 173–77, 179, 206, 296
n
, 300
n

corruptions in, 41, 88

of
De rerum natura
, 11–13, 49–50, 88–89, 181, 182–85, 202, 203–5, 208–10, 218, 221–22, 225, 226, 231, 244, 256, 262, 272
n
, 300
n

destruction of, 7, 17–18, 23–24, 29, 41, 81–109, 130–31, 275
n
, 280
n
–83
n

editions of, 23, 87–88

fragments of, 54–59, 64–65, 70–72, 81

hunting for, 11–15, 22, 23–24, 29, 30, 31–36, 40, 42–43, 47–49, 53, 54, 62, 86, 88, 130, 131, 152–54, 176–81, 206–11, 212, 215, 218, 228, 300
n

illuminated, 17, 39, 40

market for, 28, 29–30, 84–86, 131

in monastic libraries, 24–33, 37–38, 39, 43, 45–50, 65, 109, 117, 130–31, 152, 176–79, 204, 206–8, 209, 225, 271
n
–72
n
, 290
n

on papyrus, 28, 40, 54–59, 62–65, 68, 69, 71, 77, 82–83, 88, 260, 280
n
, 283
n

on parchment, 17–18, 28, 38, 39–40, 42–43, 62, 82, 260, 283
n

printing of, 32, 38–39, 204, 219, 248–50, 256, 262, 279
n

in private libraries, 54–60, 86, 94–96, 134

production of, 28–29, 84–86

in public libraries, 54–63, 86–94, 91, 93, 130–31, 134, 275
n
–76
n
, 280
n
–83
n
, 290
n

references to, 23–24

scripts used for, 38, 84, 115–16, 121, 130

translation of, 88, 168, 210, 212, 215

see also specific books and manuscripts

Manutius, Aldus, 32, 226

Marcellus, Nonius, 208

Marchetti, Alessandro, 257

Marco Datini, Francesco di, 114

Marcus Aurelius, Emperor of Rome, 71

Marolles, Michel de, 257

marriage, 127–29, 133, 136, 143, 212–13, 214, 215, 289
n

Mars, 2, 100, 226, 247, 281
n

Marsuppini, Carlo, 215

Martines, Lauro, 301
n

Martin V, Pope, 205–6, 211, 269
n

martyrs, 10, 107, 129

Marullo, Michele Tarchaniota, 226–27

Masaccio, 218

masks, ancestors, 62

master copies, 84–85

materialism, 9–10, 184–86, 190–91, 193, 198–201, 243, 244, 249, 259–63, 297
n

mathematics, 87, 91, 92, 239

Mazzei, Lapo, 111–12

Medici, Cosimo de,’ 216, 217, 290
n

Medici, Giovanni de,’ 213

Medici, Lorenzo de,’ 210, 213, 290
n

Medici family, 110, 210, 213, 215–16, 217, 290
n
, 301
n

medicine, 17, 60–61, 75, 87, 152

melancholy, 49, 133, 142–57, 216–17

Memmius, Gaius, 53, 273
n
–74
n

mendicant friars, 147–48

mental illness, 8, 19, 49, 133, 142–57, 216–17

mercenaries, 153, 293
n
–94
n

merchants, 15, 36, 219, 300
n
–301
n

Mercury, 233–36

messiahs, 67, 72–73, 98, 107, 184

Metrodorus, 277
n

Michelangelo, 9, 204

Michelozzi, Michelozzo di Bartolomeo, 110, 290
n

Micrographia
(Hooke), 83–84

Middle Ages, 38, 52–53, 88–89, 106–8, 110–11, 116–17, 129, 132–33, 209–10, 251, 272
n
–73
n

Milan, 122, 153

Minerva, 99, 100

minims, 254

minuscules, 115

miracles, 142, 225

misogyny, 143, 212

missals, 17, 65

mistresses, 137, 141

Mithras, 90

moderation, 101–2

modernism, 6–7, 8, 13, 185, 242–63

Molière, 257

monasteries, 95, 106, 107–9, 111, 151, 168

see also
libraries, monastic

monks, 12, 21, 24–29, 31, 36–37, 90, 91, 131, 134, 147–48, 163, 180, 210, 211

Mons, 286
n

Montaigne, Michel Eyquem de, 9, 243–49, 256, 306
n

Monte Cassino, 152

Montepulciano, Bartolomeo Aragazzi da, 34–35, 44, 152–53, 162

morality, 11, 101–3, 124, 146–47, 178–79, 195–96

More, Thomas, 227–33, 236, 250, 251, 252, 263, 304
n

Morroni, Tomaso, 111

mortality rates, 191–92, 213

mortal sin, 16, 119

Mother of the Gods, 183

Mount Vesuvius, 54–59, 67, 94, 239

MS Rossi 884, 221

murder, 38, 148, 159–60, 170–71

Muses, 89

museums, 91, 93

music, 9, 70, 91, 93, 175, 219

mythology, 130, 193–96

 

Naples, 54–55, 60, 63, 64, 122, 153, 158, 161–62, 163, 233

natural world, 6, 10–11, 12, 70, 74–75, 188–90, 194, 248, 261–62, 298
n

Neptune, 99, 183, 226

Nero, Emperor of Rome, 48, 157, 275
n

New Testament, 24, 95–96, 97, 105

Newton, Isaac, 261

New World, 11–12, 136, 229–30

Niccoli, Niccolò, 126–34, 137–38, 222, 289
n
, 290
n

Nicholas V, Pope, 150, 214–15, 221, 226

nightmares, 95, 96

Nile River, 56, 174

Nolan philosophy, 233

“noonday demon,” 26

notaries, 84–85, 111–12, 122, 123, 135, 137

nuns, 106, 108

 

“Oblongus” manuscript, 204

obsessions, 4–5, 19, 116

“Of Cruelty” (Montaigne), 246

“Of Diversion” (Montaigne), 247

“Of Repentance” (Montaigne), 244–45

Old Testament, 43, 88, 95–96, 285
n

oligarchy, 110, 113–15, 135

Olivera, Alonso de, 249–50

Omar, Caliph, 282
n
–83
n

omnes cives studiosi
(all learned citizens), 131

On Avarice
(Poggio), 21, 133, 138, 147

On Nobility
(Poggio), 147

On Pleasure
(
De voluptate
) (Valla), 222–26, 303
n

“On some verses of Virgil” (Montaigne), 247

On the Excellence and Dignity of the Roman Court
(Castiglionchio), 138–42, 144

On the Immense and the Numberless
(Bruno), 239

On the Laws
(
De legibus
) (Cicero), 155–56

On the Misery of Human Life
(Poggio), 147

On the Nature of Things
(
De rerum natura
) (Lucretius),
see De rerum natura
(Lucretius)

On the Republic
(Cicero), 43

On the Unhappiness of Princes
(Poggio), 214

On the Vicissitudes of Fortune
(
De varietate fortunae
) (Poggio), 147, 294
n

Opticks
(Newton), 261

Orations
(Cicero), 208

oratory, 31, 70, 93, 177–78

Order of St. Francis, 147–48

Orestes, 91, 92

Orsini family, 135

Osiris, 89

Ovid, 23, 43, 49, 52, 53, 54, 84

Oxford, University of, 172, 208, 243

 

Pachomius, Saint, 24–25

Pacuvius, Marcus, 23–24

Padua, 121, 239–40

paganism, 10, 13, 19, 53–54, 75–78, 86–108, 117–18, 123, 129, 150, 222–24, 258, 283
n
, 284
n
, 286
n

pain, 8–10, 11, 26–27, 103–4, 195–98, 224–26, 228, 231

painting, 9, 10, 70, 104, 202, 252, 305
n

Palatine Hill, 157, 275
n

Palazzo della Signoria, 124

palazzos, 110, 124

Palestine, 67, 98

palimpsests, 43, 271
n
–72
n

Palladas, 91

Palmer, Ada, 274
n

Pan, 63

Pannelli, Lucia, 210

papacy, 18, 122, 135–36, 137, 139, 161, 165, 166, 205–6, 293
n
–94
n

see also specific popes

papal bulls, 137

papal seals, 139

papal states, 135–36, 161

paper, 15, 40, 56

papyrology, 64–65, 71

papyrus, 28, 40, 54–59, 62–65, 71, 260, 280
n

papyrus rolls, 28, 40, 54–59, 62–65, 68, 69, 71, 77, 82–83, 88, 260, 280
n
, 283
n

parchment, 17–18, 28, 38, 39–40, 42–43, 62, 82, 260, 283
n

Paris, 24, 160, 226

Paris, University of, 160, 172

Passover, 236

patriarchs, 163, 169

patrons, 70–72, 85, 233

Patro the Epicurean, 274
n

Paul, Saint, 96

Paulus, Aemilius, 60

Pazzi conspiracy, 213

peasants, 36, 100, 111

Pedianus, Asconius, 209

Pedo, Albinovanus, 23–24

pens, 39, 85–86

Pergamum, 281
n

perpetual motion, 244–45

Perpignan, 205

Perseus, King of Macedon, 60

Persia, 67

Peruzzi family, 113

Petrarch, 23, 29, 115, 116, 117, 119–21, 123, 124, 130–33, 157, 214, 288
n
, 289
n

Philip, King of Macedon, 50

Philodemus, 58–59, 65–66, 71, 77

philology, 149

philosophy, 1–5, 28, 51, 58–59, 65–70, 71, 72–80, 91–95, 117, 120, 132, 182–202, 220–21, 252–54, 277
n

pi, 87

Piaggio, Antonio, 58

Piazza della Signoria, 113, 219

Piero della Francesca, 218

Piero di Cosimo, 242

piety, 94–96, 114, 147–48

Piglio, Benedetto da, 162

pilgrims, 15, 45, 158–59

Pisa, University of, 250–51

Piso, Lucius Calpurnius, 65–66, 79

Pistoia, Zomino (Sozomeno) da, 162

Pitti family, 110, 113, 126

Pitti Palace, 126

Pizzolpasso, Francesco, 163

plague, 18, 113, 153, 196

planets, 239, 254

Plato, 62, 73, 91, 96, 98, 175, 221, 252, 284
n
, 304
n

Platonism, 96

Plautus, 94, 95, 300
n

pleasure, 8–10, 11, 75–80, 82, 103–9, 195–98, 222–26, 228, 231

plenary indulgences, 158, 159

Pliny the Younger, 48

poetry, 2–3, 50, 54, 59, 68–69, 70, 80, 104, 121–22, 132, 198, 200, 201–2, 221, 247, 259–60

Poggio Bracciolini, Gian Francesco:

antiquities collected by, 210–11, 212

as apostolic secretary (
secretarius domesticus
), 141–42, 154, 155–58, 161, 170, 180, 181, 205–15, 221, 224, 269
n

in Arezzo, 112–13

attacks against, 111, 112–13, 133, 142–45, 210, 212, 213, 215, 221–22

avarice as viewed by, 21, 133, 138, 147

background of, 111, 144–45, 212

at Baden, 173–76, 177

as bishop of Winchester’s secretary, 206–8

in Bologna, 113, 214

books and manuscripts recovered by, 11–15, 22, 23–24, 29, 30, 31–36, 40, 42–43, 47–49, 53, 54, 62, 86, 88, 130, 131, 152–54, 176–81, 206–11, 212, 215, 218, 228, 300
n

Bruni’s relationship with, 172–73, 178, 205, 210, 216, 295
n

Catholicism of, 29, 44, 75–76, 137–38, 172–73, 176, 177–78, 179, 182–84, 217–18

as chancellor of Florence, 215–17