The Triumph of Christianity (63 page)

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Authors: Rodney Stark

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16
. Jones 1987, 106.

17
. Gimpel 1976, viii, 1.

18
. White 1940, 151.

19
. Stark 2006.

20
. Chandler 1987.

21
. Stark 2003; 2005.

22
. Lopez 1976, 43.

23
. Gimpel 1976, 16.

24
. Gies and Gies 1994, 113.

25
. Stark 2005, chap. 5.

26
. Gies and Gies 1994, 117.

27
. Duke 1998, 480.

28
. Gimpel 1976, 25–27.

29
. Stark 2005, chap. 5.

30
. Landes 1998, 46.

31
. Montgomery 1968; White 1962.

32
. Lane [1934] 1992, 35–53.

33
. Barclay, Nelson, and Schofield 1981, 488.

34
. Needham 1980.

35
. In
The Communist Manifesto,
1848.

36
. Collins 1986; Stark 2005.

37
. Stark 2005.

38
. In his
Commentary on the Sentences of Peter Lombard,
quoted in de Roover 1958, 422.

39
. I have relied on the translations of Aquinas’s
Summa Theologica
provided by Monroe 1975.

40
. Little 1978, 181.

41
. Gilchrist 1969; Little 1978; Raftus 1958.

42
. Gilchrist 1969, 67.

43
. Hunt and Murray 1999, 73.

44
. Little 1978, 181.

45
. Southern 1970b, 40.

46
. Stark 2003, chap. 4.

47
. Stark 2003, chap. 4.

48
. Bonnassie 1991, 30.

49
. Bloch 1975, 14.

50
. In Bonnassie 1991, 54.

51
. Bloch 1975, 11.

52
. Bloch 1975, 30.

53
. Daniel 1981, 705.

54
. Gardner and Crosby 1959, 236.

55
. De la Croix and Tansey 1975, 353.

56
. Johnson 2003, 190.

57
. Lopez 1967, 198.

58
. Colish 1997, 266.

59
. Cohen 1985; Gingerich 1975; Jaki 2000; Rosen 1971.

60
. Hollister 1992, 8.

61
. Grant 1996, 23.

62
. Pernoud 2000, 24.

63
. Ferguson 1939, 8.

64
. Stark 2003, chap. 2.

65
. Stark 2007a, chap. 1.

66
. Stark 2005.

Chapter 15: The People’s Religion

 

1
. Durant 1950.

2
. Freemantle 1954.

3
. Murray 1972, 83.

4
. Manchester 1993, 20.

5
. Walzer 1965, 4.

6
. Murray 1972, 92.

7
. Murray 1972, 92.

8
. Murray 1972, 93–94.

9
. Quoted in Coulton 1938, 193.

10
. Quoted in Coulton 1938, 188.

11
.
Dives and Pauper
1976, 189.

12
. Coulton 1938, 194.

13
. Strauss 1975, 49.

14
. Strauss 1975, 49.

15
. Strauss 1975, 49.

16
. Strauss 1978, 278.

17
. Strauss 1978, 278–79.

18
. Strauss 1978, 283.

19
. Thomas 1971, 161–62.

20
. Strauss 1978, 284.

21
. Strauss 1975, 56–57.

22
. Strauss 1978, 284.

23
. Strauss 1975, 59.

24
. Strauss 1978, 273.

25
. Coulton 1938, 189–90.

26
. Farmer 1991, 336; Hay 1977, 64.

27
. Morris 1993, 232.

28
. Christian 1981, 154.

29
. Strauss 1975, 50.

30
. Strauss 1975, 51.

31
. Strauss 1978, 270.

32
. Strauss 1978, 278.

33
. Strauss 1975, 58.

34
. Strauss 1978, 291.

35
. Strauss 1978, 270.

36
. Quoted in Thomas 1971, 165.

37
. Quoted in Thomas 1971, 164.

38
. Quoted in Thomas 1971, 164.

39
. Quoted in Strauss 1978, 298.

40
. Franits 2004, 35.

41
. Bede [730] 1955, 340.

42
. Coulton 1938, 157.

43
. Quoted in Coulton 1938, 157.

44
. Thomas 1971, 164.

45
. Coulton 1938, 158.

46
. Thomas 1971, 165.

47
. Hay 1977, 56.

48
. Duffy 1987, 88.

49
. Delumeau 1977.

50
. Strauss 1975, 52.

51
. Strauss 1975, 55.

52
. Duffy 1987, 88.

53
. Duffy 1987, 88.

54
. Duffy 1997, 146.

55
. Lea 1902, 672.

56
. Pastor 1898, 5:475.

57
. Duffy 1987, 88.

58
. Quoted in Murray 1972, 93.

59
. Swanson 1995. If that seems like a very large number of priests for a single diocese, in this era as many as 10 percent of the population in some cities were priests (Ozment 1980, 211).

60
.
Epistle
94.

61
. Hay 1977, 63.

62
. Coulton 1938, 174.

63
. Duffy 1997.

64
. Brooke and Brooke 1984, 116.

65
. Fletcher 1997, 16.

66
. Duffy 1987, 88.

67
. Coulton 1938, 156.

68
. Hay 1977, 56.

69
. Ozment 1980, 219.

70
. Ozment 1980, 219.

71
. Bossy 1985, 37; Ozment 1980, 218–19.

72
. Thomas 1971, 161.

73
. Thomas 1971, 163.

74
. Quoted in Thomas 1971, 163.

75
. Quoted in Thomas 1971, 163.

76
. Obelkevich 1976, 279.

77
. Strauss 1988, 211.

78
. Kieckhefer 1989, 10.

79
. Quoted in Flint 1991, 240.

80
. Kieckhefer 1989, 62.

81
. Quoted in Kieckhefer 1989, 19.

82
. Kieckhefer 1989, 82.

83
. Flint 1991; Thomas 1971.

84
. Quoted in Kieckhefer 1989, 3.

85
. Quoted in Kieckhefer 1989, 4.

86
. Flint 1991, 189.

87
. Flint 1991, 189.

88
. O’Neil 1981, 11.

89
. Strauss 1978, 304.

90
. Strauss 1978, 304.

91
. Katz 1994, 417; Kieckhefer 1976, 79–80; Stark 2003, chap. 3.

92
. Cohn 1975, 169.

93
. Kieckhefer 1976, 79.

94
. Katz 1994; Midelfort 1981.

95
. Stark 2003, chap. 3.

96
. Quoted in Parker 1992, 45.

Chapter 16: Faith and the Scientific “Revolution”

 

1
. White 1896, 2:108–9.

2
. Grant 1971; 1994; Hamilton 1996; Russell 1997.

3
. Russell 1997.

4
. Bloch [1940] 1961, 83.

5
. Darwin and Seward 1903, 1:195.

6
.
Essay concerning Human Understanding
3.9.

7
. I have written at length on this in Stark 2003, chap. 2.

8
. Danielson 2000, 98; Mason 1962, 120–21.

9
. Crosby 1997, 104.

10
. Cohen 1985, 107.

11
. Jaki 2000; Rosen 1971.

12
. Manchester 1993, 103–4.

13
. Colish 1997, 266.

14
. Schachner 1938, 3.

15
. Porter 1998.

16
. Armitage 1951.

17
. Grant 1996, 205.

18
. White 1896, 2:50.

19
. Grant 1996.

20
. Whitehead [1925] 1967, 13.

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