The United Nations Security Council and War:The Evolution of Thought and Practice since 1945 (138 page)

UNMIH (UN Mission in Haiti)
191, 543, 544, 590
see also
Haiti

UNMIK (UN Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo)
191, 550, 566–7, 570–3, 576–7, 591
see also
Kosovo; and Yugoslavia, former

UNMIL (UN Mission in Liberia)
475, 485
see also
Liberia

UNMIS (UN Mission in Sudan)
124–5
see also
Sudan

UNMISET (UN Mission of Support in East Timor)
366, 593
see also
East Timor

UNMOGIP (UN Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan)
329, 336, 338, 339, 342–3
see also
India-Pakistan wars

UNMOT (UN Mission of Observers in Tadjikistan)
191

UNMOVIC (UN Monitoring, Verification and Inspection Commission)
396, 399–400
see also
Iraq

UNOCA (UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian and Economic Assistance Programmes in Afghanistan)
458
see also
Afghanistan

UNOCI (UN Operation in Côte d’Ivoire)
481–2
see also
Afghanistan

UNODC (UN Office on Drugs and Crime)
615–16

UNOGIL (UN Observer Group in Lebanon)
305
see also
Lebanon

UNOMIG (UN Observer Mission in Georgia)
191

UNOMIL (UN Observer Mission in Liberia)
191, 472–4, 489
see also
Liberia

UNOMSIL (UN Observer Mission in Sierra Leone)
476–7
see also
Sierra Leone

UNOSOM (UN Operation in Somalia)
22, 191, 507, 540–1, 554–6
see also
Somalia

UNOTIL (UN Office in Timor Leste)
366
see also
East Timor

UNOWA (UN Office for West Africa)
470, 488–9

UNPREDEP (UN Preventive Deployment Force),
190
see also
UNPROFOR; Yugoslavia, former

UNPROFOR (UN Protection Force)
191, 425–37, 442, 444–50
see also
Bosnia and Herzegovina; Croatia; UNPREDEP; Yugoslavia, former

Bosnia and Herzegovina 232–42, 429, 437, 440, 444–6

composition 440, 444

headquarters 444

limitations 446

rapid reaction capability 116–17

rules of engagement 429

standing forces 116–17, 127

strategy 445

successor 437

UNRWA (UN Relief and Works Agency)
512
see also
Arab-Israeli wars

UNSAS (UN Standby Arrangements System)
141

UNSCO (UN Office of the Special Coordinator for the Occupied Territories)
314–15, 322
see also
Arab-Israeli wars

UNSCOM (UN Special Commission)
394–6
see also
Iraq

UNSCOP (UN Special Committee on Palestine)
300–1, 322
see also
Arab-Israeli wars

UNSMA (UN Special Mission to Afghanistan)
458
see also
Arab-Israeli wars

UNTAC (UN Transitional Administration in Cambodia)
57, 190, 191, 192, 570

UNTAES (UN Transitional Administration for Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Sirmium)
190, 423, 566–7, 570, 572
see also
Croatia; Yugoslavia, former

UNTAET (UN Transitional Administration in East Timor)
347, 352, 359, 363, 366, 566–7, 570, 577–8, 593–4
see also
East Timor

UNTAG (UN Transition Assistance Group)
23, 185–7
see also
Namibia

UNTSO (UN Truce Supervision Organization)
302–3
see also
Arab-Israeli wars

Urquhart, Brian
107–8, 117–18, 301, 302, 306, 370, 630, 638

Uruguay
71

use of force
see also
authorization of force; enforcement operations; humanitarian intervention; self-defence; UNauthorized military operations

anticipatory action 94, 95, 97

authorized military operations 88, 89–91

coalitions of the willing 89, 90

Cold War 87, 88–92, 94–7

collective security 17, 86–7, 90–2, 98

colonialism 94, 95

condemnations 92

customary international law 87, 94

difficulty of SC agreeing on military action 51

decision-making, five criteria of legitimacy for 90

decolonization 88

developing countries 93, 94

enforcement 92

enlargement of SC 90

guidelines 556–8

humanitarian intervention 96

internal armed conflicts 87–9, 93

international conflicts, characterization as 87–8

interpretation of Charter, divisions on 94–5

interstate conflicts 89

last resort 84

legality 26–31, 86–98, 536–7

legitimacy

decision-making 90

enlargement of SC 90

national liberation movements, use of force by 88, 93, 94–5

NATO, use of force by 96

new threats, existence of 96–7

P5 87

peacekeeping operations 88–9, 176, 180–1, 186, 200, 203

poor management of force by SC52

preventive action 98

pro-democratic invasions 95

prohibition on use of force in Article 2 (4) 92–3

provisional measures 86–7

reform 91–2

regional arrangements 226–32

regional organizations, involvement of 90

sanctions 93

self-defence 86–8, 90, 94–8

anticipatory action 94, 95, 97

customary law 94

developing countries 94

preventive action 98

reporting of actions 94

scope of 94

self-determination 95

terrorism 97

self-determination 95

standing forces 87, 88, 126–7, 129–30

terrorists 95, 97

threats to international peace and security, types of 7–8, 87–8

UN Charter provisions for 86–98

UN High-Level Panel on Threats, Challenges and Change 91–2, 96, 97, 98

UN security system 86–92

UN World Summit 91–2, 97–8

unilateral humanitarian intervention 96

war on terror 97

use of private force
see
mercenaries

USSR
see
Soviet Union

Uzbek Islamic Movement
457

Vajpayee, Atal Behari
341

van Baarde, Ted
520

van den Broek, Hans
413

van Mierlo, Hans
117

Vance, Cyrus
415–16, 418–22, 426, 445–7, 504

Vandenberg, Arthur
101

Velayati, Ali Akbar
381

Vendrell, Francesc
459

veto

Arab-Israeli wars 259, 298, 313, 317–19

Australian proposal to limit 135–6

Big Four 75

China 502

Cold War 405, 501–2

drafting of the UN Charter 63, 67, 75, 78–82, 135–6

great powers, SC and 135–7, 141

India-Pakistan wars 258, 326, 335, 339, 345

‘New International Order’ 507

Iraq 502, 539

Iraq War (2003) 502

Israel 259, 298, 313, 317–19, 502

Korean War 496

League of Nations 11

non-involvement in wars, SC 501–2

Permanent Members 82, 251, 259–60

reform of SC 32

Russia 502

Soviet Union

Cold War 495

India-Pakistan wars 326, 335, 339, 345

Korean War 272, 273, 277–8

Suez crisis 285, 289–90

United Kingdom 260, 502

United States 313, 317–18, 326, 339, 502

Uniting for Peace Resolution 155–61, 163–5, 168, 173

voting 5–6

victims’ compensation fund
617–18

Vieira de Mello, Sergio
194, 257, 602

Vietnam War
503–4

Volcker Inquiry
52, 209, 391–2, 403–4

voting in SC
5–6
see also
decision-making by SC; veto

creation of SC 78, 82

great powers, SC and 135, 139

reform of SC 32

SC resolutions 19, 32

Wade, Abdoulaye
485

Waldheim, Kurt
180, 311, 352, 353–4, 363–4, 370

Walzer, Michael
554

war
see
armed conflicts, nature of; internal armed conflict; international armed conflict

warlords
249, 462

Washington Agreement (1994)
429, 432

Warsaw Pact
505

Wassenar Arrangement
222

Watson Institute, reports of
222–5

weapons
see also
nuclear weapons; weapons inspection in Iraq; weapons of mass destruction

atomic weapons 18, 70, 321, 394–6, 399, 400

biological weapons 397–8

chemical weapons by Iraq, use of 374–6, 377, 383

missions to investigate allegations of use of particular weapons 24

weapons inspections in Iraq
388, 394–400

expulsion of inspectors 394–5

Gulf War (1991) 384

Iraq, war in (2003) 384, 398–400

Ongoing Monitoring and Verification (OMV) 394

sanctions 384