Under Another Sky (36 page)

• Page 111
epigraphs: W. Hutton, p.312; Collingwood Bruce, p.40; Long, p.16.
• Page 114
farmers complain about disruption caused by tourists: H. Davies, p.160.
• Page 118
Warburton’s manuscripts ‘unluckily burnd’: quoted in the
Dictionary of National Biography
, 1885–90, vol. 59.
• Page 118
Warburton, p. iii.
• Page 118
travel ‘with me, though by your own fire-side’: W. Hutton, p.vii.
• Page 118
‘feeds upon withered husks’: ibid., p. vi.
• Pages 119–120
destruction of the wall at St Oswald’s: ibid., p.202.
• Page 120
beef at the Twice Brewed: ibid., p.230.
• Page 120
Stanwix, a beauty and fleas: ibid., p.285.
• Page 121
the first ‘pilgrimage’: Collingwood Bruce.
• Page 122
Revd John Auden (1860–1946): he appears as the ‘Rev Prebendary Auden, Church Stretton’ in the subscribers’ list in Bushe-Fox. He was the author of
The Little Guide to Shropshire
, a copy of which W. H. Auden owned. John Auden first published the book in 1912 and revised it (1918) while he was a serving soldier.
• Page 122
‘fearfully badly’; ‘an uncomfortable pause’: see Mitchell, p.522, who notes that ‘the haunting quality of the blues melody was such that Peter Pears in later life was still able to sing the first few bars’.
• Page 123
Britten’s music … was thought lost: see the Britten-Pears Foundation website,
http://brittenpears2.org/?page=news/index.html&id=57
.
Guardian
news story:
http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2006/feb/27/topstories3.arts
. The newly rediscovered song was performed, with simple piano accompaniment, for a profile of Auden made for
The South Bank Show
, broadcast on 18 February 2007, directed by John Mapplebeck. My thanks to Matthew Cain and Siobhan Panayiotou for tracking down a DVD.
• Page 124
‘Roman Wall Blues’. Colin Matthews also very kindly arranged for a recording to be made of the Britten song with his new piano accompianment, sung by Mary Carewe, with Huw Watkins. It is available to download on the NMC website:
http://www.nmcrec.co.uk/roman-wall-blues
• Page 127
Had Auden been writing his radio drama today: Bowman (p.79) makes the connection between ‘Roman Wall Blues’ and the tablets; as does Beard, 2006.
• Pages 127–128
on finding the first Vindolanda tablet: R. Birley, p.32.
• Page 129
the Vindolanda tablets have been digitised – with images, translations and commentary – at
http://vindolanda.csad.ox.ac.uk/
. Most of the individual tablets I have mentioned are browsable in the ‘highlights’ section.
• Page 130
Appendix Vergiliana
/
Georgics
: Bowman, Thomas and Tomlin.

• Page 137
epigraph: Skene, p.82.
• Page 137
over 200 sites north of Hadrian’s Wall: according to Fraser Hunter, principal curator archaeology, Iron Age,
Roman and early history at the National Museum of Scotland. I am indebted to Dr Hunter’s paper given at the Roman Society Septimius Severus day at the British Museum, 26 November 2011.
• Page 139
Agricola advances north: Tacitus,
Agricola
, 23ff.
• Page 139
The shift from Graupius to Grampius: Keppie, ‘Legacy of Rome’, p.8. The edition in question was published by Franciscus Puteolanus in 1476.
• Page 140
‘
Perdomita Britannia et statim omissa
’: Tacitus,
Histories
, 1.2.
• Page 140
a stage on which his subject could be the Roman he needed to be: this passage is indebted to the analysis of the
Agricola
at the end of Woolf, 2007.
• Page 141
Wade’s bridge: Breeze, Roman Scotland p.108, compares the Roman and Hanoverian experiences of Highland Scotland.
• Pages 141–142
‘Marvel at this military road’. The Latin inscription, replaced in 1932, runs:

MIRARE
VIAM HANC MILITAREM
ULTRA ROMANAE TERMINOS
M PASUU CCL. HAC ILLAC EXTENSAM
TESQIS & PALUDIB’ INSULTANTEM;
PER RUPES MONTESQ: PATEFACTUM
ET INDIGNANTI TAVO
UT CERNIS INSTRATAM
OPUS HOC ARDUUM SUA SOLERTIA
ET DECENNALI MILITUM OPERA
AN AER X 1733 PERFECIT G WADE
COPIARUM IN SCOTIA PRAEFECTUS
ECCE QUANTUM VALEANT
REGIA GEORGII 2 AUSPICIA!

• Page 142
William Roy – a factor’s son from Lanarkshire: Hewitt, p.14. Her introduction and first chapter provide a vivid account of the production of the
Military Survey of Scotland
in the wake of the 1745 uprising.
• Page 142
William Roy’s
Military Survey of Scotland
(1747–55) can be viewed online at
http://maps.nls.uk/roy/index.html
.
• Page 143
‘Military men … in reasoning’: Roy, 1793, p.iv.
• Page 146
the hero Gryme: Skene, p.82.
• Pages 146–147
Alexander Gordon on Croy Hill and Bar Hill: Gordon, pp.136–7.
• Pages 148–149
Fordun on Arthur’s O’on: Skene, p.46.
• Page 148
‘
rotundam casulam
’: I am indebted to Darrell Rohl of the University of Durham, whose unpublished MA dissertation, which he kindly allowed me to read, brings together accounts of Arthur’s O’on from the twelfth century onwards (p.53 ff.).
• Page 149
‘dedicated to Romulus the parent’: Stukeley, 1720, p.27.
• Page 149
‘some may think we have done the Caledonian Temple too much
Honour’: ibid., p.19.
• Page 149
‘a Place for holding the Roman Insignia’: Gordon, p.31.
• Page 150
Stenhousemuir football club: an observation made by Lawrence Keppie (personal communication).
• Page 150
‘No other motive induced this Gothic knight’: from the minute book of the Society of Antiquaries, 21 July 1743.
• Page 150
‘I like well your project’: letter from Gale to Clerk, 20 August 1743; ‘barbarous demolition’: copy, in Clerk’s hand, of a letter to William Stukeley, 16 July 1748. Both in the National Archives of Scotland, GD18/5018 and GD18/5027.
• Page 151
‘occasioned by eating too much cabage broth’: Clerk, p.146.
• Page 151
‘my publication of Arthurs Oon’: letter from Stukeley to Clerk, 21 March 1724/5, National Archives of Scotland, GD18/5027.
• Page 152
‘full of compliments, as usual with foreigners’; ‘I press’d Mr Bertram to get the manuscript’: Stukeley, 1757, pp.12-13.
• Page 153
‘He gives us more than a hundred names of cities’: ibid., p.15.
• Page 154
‘which I shewed to my late friend Mr Casley’: ibid., p.13.
• Page 154
‘scrupulously exact’, Hatcher, p.vii.
• Page 154
‘be useful to distinguish this ridge of mountains’: Conybeare and Phillips, p.365.
• Page 155
‘more or less good idiomatic English’: see Woodward, vol. 220, pp.620 and 445.
• Page 156
‘his silk-dyer father’: J. A. Farrer, p. 26, has a biographical sketch of Bertram.
• Page 156
‘The World oftener rewards the Appearances of Merit: see Bertram, 1751, pp.9, 13, 15.
• Page 156
Bertram’s contribution to linguistics: Linn, p.190.

• Page 161
epigraph: from Camden’s
Britannia
, on York.
• Page 161
‘No city or town’: Hargrove, p.17.
• Page 162
When archaeologists were brought in to dig’: Ottaway, p.18.
• Page 164
Let no one escape sheer destruction: epitome of Cassius Dio,
History of Rome
, 76.15.
• Page 164
Julia Domna: ibid., 76.16.
• Page 164
a gang of centurions: ibid., 77.2.
• Page 165
‘If anyone so much as wrote the name Geta’: ibid., 77.12.
• Page 167
Corellia Optata inscription:
RIB
684.
• Page 167
She was a little over five feet tall: Leach et al., 2010, p.135.
• Page 168
‘In cosmopolitan Eboracum’: ibid., p.141.
• Page 170
‘Castle Douglas, our damp little town’, Yassin-Kassab.
• Page 170
‘DM REGINA LIBERTA’:
RIB
1065.
• Pages 171–172
‘
Britanniae sanctae
’:
RIB
643.
• Page 172
Demetrius:
RIB
662 and 663.
• Page 173
‘placed as so many bulwarks’: Gordon, p.138
• Page 174
‘a great many things may be learned’, Horsley, p.iv.
• Page 176
‘Rome’s Afghanistan’: Mary Beard, writing in the
Sunday Times
, February 2012.
• Pages 177–178
Conrad: Woolf, 2007, pp.18–19, brilliantly discusses Conrad’s
Heart of Darkness
in relation to Roman ideas about Britain – a passage on which these paragraphs are dependent.
Chapter Ten: Cumbria and the Lakes
• Page 179
epigraph: Collingwood, 1939, p.86.
• Page 182
Collingwood and Kant: ibid., pp.3–4.
• Page 183
‘spoke and read French and German’: ibid., p.6.
• Pages 183–184
Ransome and the Collingwoods: Ransome, p.80 ff.
• Page 184
Ransome and Collingwood racing boats: ibid., p.130.
• Page 184
Collingwood offers up his savings: ibid., p.147.
• Page 184
Wilfred Owen and the Collingwoods: Hibberd, 1982, pp.286–7. The short description of the visit comes in a fragmentary draft of a letter, recipient unknown, written when Owen was recovering from shell-shock in Scotland.
• Pages 185–186
‘rapprochement’ between history and philosophy: Collingwood, 1939, pp.144–5.
• Page 186
‘the transmission by example and precept’: ibid., p.142.
• Pages 186–187
‘the history of Romano-British art’: Collingwood and Myres, Chapter 15. pp.247–8.
• Page 187
‘Roman antiquities … are very indifferent’: Walpole, p.246. The letter is quoted in Hingley, 2008.
• Pages 187–191
the Crosby Garrett helmet:
Guardian
articles about its discovery and sale, Kennedy, 2010a, b, c.
• Pages 189–190
Ralph Jackson’s remarks: personal communication. The account of its restoration is drawn from Worrell et al.
• Page 191
Carausius milestone:
RIB
2290–2.
• Pages 192–197
The sources on Carausius, including the relevant passages from the panegyrics, Aurelius Victor’s
Liber de Caesaribus
, and Eutropius’s
Breviarum
, are collected in a translation by R. S. O. Tomlin in Casey, pp.191–8.
• Page 194
‘
restitutor Brit(anniae)
’: ibid., p.65.
• Page 194
levels not seen since the reign of Nero: de la Bédoyère. This article lays out de la Bédoyère’s theory about the letters R.S.R. and I.N.P.C.D.A., and also contains the note about John Evelyn and ‘
decus et tutamen
’. I am grateful for the author’s generous response to my enquiry about how he made the Virgil connection. Some doubt has been cast on the authenticity of the three known I.N.P.C.D.A. medallions (Williams), none of which have long provenances. Williams’s argument depends on demoting the ‘
expectate veni
’ to a coincidental, rather than knowing, echo of Virgil, and to the inherent unlikeliness of legionaries’ and German mercenaries’ being familiar with Virgil. In de la Bédoyère’s defence, it may be noted that the literary origin of the phrase ‘
decus et tutamen
’ on our pound coins may not be recognised by the bulk of the modern British population.
• Page 197
‘the past lives on in the present’: Collingwood, 1939, p.100.

• Page 198
epigraph: from Camden’s
Britannia
, on Cirencester.
• Pages 198–199
‘The discovery of Roman villas in these woods’: J. Farrer.
• Page 199
icy
Italianate stucco plasterwork: the decorations are well-known, and attributed to Artari and Bagutti, according to Mander, p.124. •
Page 202
‘On the digging of a vault for the interment of the late John Wade esquire’: Lysons, 1797, p.2.
• Page 205
found when gardeners were digging a kitchen garden at Horkstow Hall in Lincolnshire in 1797: D. J. Smith, p.34.
• Page 205
the mosaic known as the Rudston Venus: for a discussion of the mosaic see Neal and Cosh, vol. 1, pp.353–6.
• Page 206
the Brading mosaic is discussed by Neal and Cosh, vol. 3, pt. 1, pp.265–8.
• Page 207
‘mutilated remains of a noble capital, and shaft of a pillar’: Donovan, p.78.
• Page 207
‘containing the figures of an elephant and several birds’: Lysons, 1797, p.2.
• Page 207
Pillerton Priors, Warwickshire: see ibid., vol. 4, p.396.
• Page 208
John Hawkins: his obituary is in the
Gentleman’s Magazine
, September 1841, pp.322–3.
• Page 208
‘a man of very low education and manners’: letter from Hawkins to Lysons, 11 February 1812, in Steer, p. 1.
• Page 209
there were 904 signatures: ibid., p. vi.
• Page 209
‘I have been so much troubled’: ibid., p.9.
• Page 209
‘irreparable’ loss: ibid., p.47.
• Page 209
‘for the accommodation of [the proprietor’s] visitors’: Lysons, 1815, advertisement.
• Page 209
‘in a good taste, and the figures are better executed’: ibid., pp.8–9.
• Page 210
‘And off he swept the Trojan lad’: Ovid,
Metamorphoses
10.155–61. (trans. A. D. Melville, Oxford Classics).
• Page 210
The mosaic is divided into five panels: for a detailed description, see Neal and Cosh, vol. 2, pp.253–7.
• Page 211
‘
Ille dies primus
’: Virgil,
Aeneid
, IV.169–70.
• Pages 212–213
manuscript of the
Aeneid
in the Vatican: discussed by Neal and Cosh, vol. 2, p.257.