Unsinkable: The Full Story of the RMS Titanic (57 page)

5
Wade, 82.

6
See the following newspapers for 19-20 April 1912: New York American, New York Evening Mail, New York Evening Post, New York Herald, New York
Sun,
New York Times, New York World,
Philadelphia
North American, Philadelphia Press, Wall Street Journal;
Scribner’s
Monthly, March 1913, 354-64; Rostron, 67-71; A Night to Remember, 163; Lynch, 166; Wade, 81-87.

7
London Daily Mail, 23 April 1912.

8
London Daily Mail, 23 April 1912.

9
London Daily Mail, 22-23 April 1912; Southampton Times, 21-27 April 1912; Triumph and Tragedy, 205.

10
Conversation with Terry Wise, former third purser on the Yarmouth Castle, February 27, 1997.

1
Marcus, 121; The Night Lives On, 193-94; Wade, 115-23; for details of Smith’s career in Congress and the Senate, see nearly any issue of the Detroit Free Press,
Detroit
News,
Flint Journal
Grand Rapids Evening Press, Grand Rapids Herald, or Grand Rapids News (today the last three all have merged into the Grand Rapids Press) for the years of 1895-1919.

2
Wade, 146-54.

3
Marcus, 210; Wade, 156.

4
Letter to Senator Francis G. Newlands, quoted in Wade, 375.

5
Amer. Inq., 29, 81, 1108; New York American, 21 April 1912; New York Tribune, 19-21 April 1912; New York Herald, 20 April 1912;
San Francisco
Chronicle, 19 April 1912; Marcus 208-11; Wade, 160-65.

6
Amer. Inq., 110-75; Wade, 201-7, 366-70.

7
Interestingly enough, Lightoller was to lead a minor mutiny of sorts among the
Titanic’s
officers. The officers were billeted in the same hotel as the rest of the crew, the Continental, all of them living on the same floor and eating together in the hotel’s dining room. This was a totally unacceptable situation for Lightoller: as far as he was concerned, the accommodations were adequate for the crew’s needs, but it was unthinkable that the officers should be expected to stay in the same hotel, let alone mess with the men. Lightoller expected that the same kind of separation between officers and crew that existed at sea should be preserved on land, going so far that at one point he told Bill McKinstry, Senator Smith’s private secretary and unofficial intermediary, “As an officer, I am not going to be quartered with the crew.” Aghast, McKinstry replied, “My God, your Captain sleeps quartered with the crew beneath the waves!” But Lightoller was obstinate, and finally the manager of the Continental offered a compromise—the officers would be given better rooms on a different floor than the crewmen and would be served their meals separately—and Lightoller accepted. Amer. Inq., 85-97, 772-89; Marcus, 216; Wade, 215.

8
Amer. Inq. 92, 120, 790.

9
London Daily Telegraph, 26 April 1912.

10
Illustrated London News, 25-26 April 1912; London Daily Express, 23, 24, 27 April 1912; London Daily Mail, 22-25, 28 April 1912; London Globe, 27-30 April 1912; London Morning Post, 27 April 1912; London Standard, 25, 26 April 1912; London Times, 21-29 April 1912.

11
Illustrated London News, 24 April 1912.

12
John Bull, April 27, 1912.

13
Illustrated London News, 29 April 1912; John Bull, April 27, 1912; Review
of
Reviews, Vol, 46, 168.

14
Wade, 385-86.

15
Amer. Inq., 328, 346, 358-59, 448-49, 524.

16
New York World, 24 April 1912; Wade, 341-42.

17
Amer. Inq., 709-15; Boston American, 26 April 1912; Wade, 354-56.

18
Amer. Inq., 772-846;
Boston Journal,
27 April 1912.

19
Wade, 346-352.

20
Amer. Inq. 19-30.

21
Report of the Senate Committee on
Commerce pursuant to
S.
Res.
283, Directing the Committee to
Investigate the
Causes of the Sinking of the
“Titanic”‘with
speeches by William Alden Smith and Isidor Rayner, 62nd Congress, 2nd session, May 28, 1912, S. Report 806 (#6127).

22
Report of the Senate Committee on
Commerce pursuant to
S.
Res.
283, Directing the Committee to Investigate the Causes of the Sinking of the
‘Titanic’ with
speeches by William Alden Smith and
Isador Rayner,
May 28, 1912, Senate Document #476, Library of Congress #6594, 92.

23
Hutchings, 32-36.

24
Lynch, 182; Marcus, 223-24; The Night Lives On, 198-99; Triumph and Tragedy, 260-61.

25
Lightoller, 257; Lynch, 182-85; Marcus, 262-63, 264; Triumph and Tragedy, 260-61.

26
Marcus, 264; Wade, 387.

27
Br. Inq., No. 7483-7510, 7552-7572, 7829-7896, 8988-9020; Reade, 226-37.

28
Br. Inq., No. 13682-13695; Br. Rpt., 46-49; Reade, 105-6, 114-39, 141 42, 300-10.

29
Br. Inq., No. 11501-11730, 14197-14209, 14414-14425, 12647-12668, 12875-12895.

30
Report on the Loss of the Titanic
(S.S.);
H.M.S.O., 1912.

31
Reade, 268-72.

32
Br. Rpt., 30-56.

1
The descriptions of the cemeteries in Halifax, as well as of the inscriptions on the headstones, come from the author’s visits to Halifax in August 1986 and September 1997.

2
Davie, 224-25; Lynch, 174; Wade, 110-11.

3
Destination: Disaster, 98-99.

4
Wade, 110-111.

5
Coroner’s
Records of the City of Halifax and the Province of Nova Scotia, Public Archives of Nova Scotia. Attempts to identify unknown victims would continue for years, some identifications being made as recently as 1991, when Titanic International, a group of Titanic enthusiasts led by Charles Haas and John Eaton, identified No. 23 as Wendla Maria Heininen, a twenty-three-year-old woman from Helsinki, Finland. Her name was subsequently carved into the face of her headstone at Fairview Cemetery, as were those of five other victims who had been identified after their interment.

6
Conversation with Dan Conlin, The Maritime Museum of the Atlantic, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, on September 2, 1997.

7
Conversation with Dan Conlin, September 2, 1997; Davie, 229; Destination: Disaster, 103; Triumph and Tragedy, 232-33.

8
Author’s visit; Destination: Disaster, 103—4.

9
Author’s visit; Destination: Disaster, 105.

1
Dr. Robert Ballard, The Discovery of the Titanic, 75-83; Pellegrino, 105-6.

2
Davie.

3
Ballard, 101.

4
Information supplied by Dr. Stephen Deucher, exhibitions director, National Maritime Museum, in conversation with author in October 1995. Dr. Deucher was responsible for creating the highly successful “Wreck of the Titanic Exhibition.”

5
The Titanic in a New Light, 67-75.

6
There has always been an element of “sour grapes” to Bob Ballard’s continued protests against the salvage and recovery of artifacts from shipwrecks, especially the Titanic, but then he has had a string of particularly bad luck in the salvage sweepstakes. First, the two expeditions to the Titanic were partially funded by the U.S. Navy, which forbade any recovery of artifacts from the wreck. Next came his discovery of the German battleship
Bismarck
and the exploration of the Japanese and American warships of Guadalcanal. Warships always remain the property of their country of origin, and the United States, Germany, andJapan all have laws prohibiting any salvage by civilians from sunken vessels belonging to their navies. Finally, his dives on the wreck of the
Lusitania
in 1994 came six years after the salvage firm Oceanics, Inc., had recovered most of the retrievable artifacts from that great liner.

7
Triumph and Tragedy, 309-11, 313-15.

8
Advertisement for RMS Titanic, Inc., in The Miami Herald, 15 June 1996.

9
Marketing letter sent to this writer by RMS Titanic, Inc., dated May 12, 1996. The author indicated in the text was Walter Lord. That Mr. Lord had neither been formally asked by RMS Titanic, Inc., to participate nor indicated his willingness to do so, was confirmed by this writer in a telephone conversation with Mr. Lord on July 9, 1996.

10
New York Times, 26-31 August 1996; Alexandra Foley, director of information, RMS Titanic, Inc., in conversations with author in June and July 1996; Charles Haas, historical advisor to RMS Titanic, Inc., in conversations with author, June 1996.

11
A&E Home Video, Titanic, Vol 3.

1
Wall Street Journal, April 16, 1912.

2
Marcus, 298.

3
Brinnin, 380-81.

4
Wade, 382.

5
The Good Years, 272-73.

6
Wade, 430-34.

7
A&E Home Video, Titanic, Vol. 4.

8
“The Convergence of the Twain” by Thomas Hardy, from Collected Poems, The Macmillan Company. Used by permission.

1
The Night Lives On, 222.

2
Interview with David Norris, P.I., July 8, 1996.

1
Br. Rpt., 46.

1
Interview with Dorothy Mihalify, Ph.D., August 26, 1996.

Ballard, Robert D. The Discovery of the Titanic. New York: Warner, 1987.

Beesley, Lawrence. The Loss of the SS Titanic. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1912.

Bisset, Captain Sir James. Ladies and Tramps. Glasgow: Brown and Ferguson, 1955.

Brinnin, John Malcolm. The Sway of the Grand Saloon. New York: Delacorte, 1971.

Bullock, Shan F. A Titanic Hero: Thomas Andrews,
Shipbuilder.
Baltimore: Norman, Remington, 1913.

Davie, Michael. Titanic: the Death and Life
of a
Legend. London: Bodley Head, 1986.

Eaton, John P. and Charles Haas. Titanic: Destination Disaster. New York: W W Norton, 1987.

Eaton, John P. and Charles Haas. Titanic: Triumph and Tragedy. New York: W W Norton, 1988.

Fletcher, R. A. Travelling Palaces. London: Boothby, 1913.

Gracie, Archibald. The Truth About the Titanic. New York: Kennerly, 1913.

Hoffman, William and Jack Grimm. Beyond Reach: The Search for the Titanic. New York: Beaufort, 1982.

Hyslop, Donald, Alistair Forsyth, and Sheila Jemima.
Titanic Voices. Memories of the Fatal Voyage.
New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1997.

Jordan, Humphrey.
Mauretania.
London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1937.

Keegan, John. August
1914:
Opening Moves. New York: Ballantine, 1971.

Lightoller, Charles H. The Titanic and Other Ships. London: Ivor Nicholson and Watson, 1935.

Lord, Walter. The Good Years. New York: Harper, 1960.

————. TheMiracle of Dunkirk. New York: William Morrow, 1976.

————. TheNight Lives On. New York: William Morrow, 1986.

————. A Night to Remember. New York: Hold, Rinehart and Winston, 1955.

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of the
Titanic. No locale or publisher listed, 1912.

Maxtone-Graham, John. The Only Way to Cross. New York: Macmillan, 1972.

Padfield, Peter. The Titanic and the Californian. New York: John Day, 1965.

Pellegrino, Charles. Her Name, Titanic. New York: Avon Books, 1988.

O’Connor, Richard. Down to Eternity. New York: William Morrow, 1957.

Oldham, Wilton J. The
Ismay
Line. Liverpool: The Journal of Commerce, 1961.

Reade, Leslie. The Ship That Stood Still. New York: Ingraham Book Company, 1994.

Rostron, Capt. Sir Arthur. Home
From
the
Sea.
London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1937.

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S.S.
Titanic. Riverside, Conn.: 7 C’s Press, 1974.

Tuchman, Barbara. The Proud Tower. New York: Macmillan, 1966.

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“The Launch of the
Titanic.”
The Engineer 111 (2 June 1911).

“Loss of the Steamship
Titanic.”
Marine Review 42 (May 1912) 156-60.

“The Olympic and
Titanic-Two
Giant Ocean Steamships.”
Scientific American,
Supplement #1850 (17 June 1911) 380-83.

“The Olympic and Titanic.” The Engineer 111 (3 March 1911) 209-15.

“Olympic and
Titanic.”
The Shipbuilder 6, Special Number (Midsummer 1911).

“The Senate Committee’s Report on the
Titanic”
and “The Shortcomings of Wireless at Sea.” Scientific American 106 (8 July 1912) 510.

“The Titanic and
Lusitania:
A Final Forensic Analysis.” Marine
Technology
33:4 (October 1996) 241-89.

“The
Titanic
Inquiry.” Engineering 93 (14 June 1912): 802-806, Continued (21 June 1912) 847-50.

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“The White Star Liner
Olympic.”
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“The White Star Liner
Titanic.”
Engineering 91 (26 May 1911) 678-81.