Voltaire in Love (34 page)

B
EUCHOT
. 
Œuvres de Voltaire
1829-40, 72 vols.

D
ESNOIRESTERRES
, G
USTAVE
.
Voltaire et la société française au 18ième siècle.
Paris, 1868, 8 vols.

A
SSÉ
, E
UGÈNE
.
Lettres de la Marquise du Châtelet.
Paris, 1806.

Lettres inédites de Madame la Marquise du Châtelet à M. le Comte d'Argental.
A Paris,
MDCCCVI
.

Catalogue of the Collection of Autograph Letters and Historical Documents formed between 1865 and 1882: by Alfred Morrison.
14 vols.

W
ADE
, I
RA
.
Studies on Voltaire including hitherto unpublished papers of Mme du Châtelet.
Princeton University Press, 1947.

C
HÂTELET
, M
ADAME LA
M
ARQUISE DU
.
Institutions de physique.
Paris, 1740.

L
ONGCHAMP
et W
AGNIÈRE
.
Mémoires sur Voltaire.
Paris, 1826. 2 vols.

CRÉQUY
, L
A
M
ARQUISE DE
.
Souvenirs.
Paris, 1840. (These
mémoires
are partly apocryphal and must be treated with reserve.)

M
AUGRAS
, G
ASTON
.
La Cour de Lunéville au XVIII siècle.
Plon, 1925.

L
A
B
AUMELLE
.
Vie de Maupertuis.
Paris, 1856.

L
OUGH
, J
OHN
.
Paris Theatre Audiences in the 17th and 18th Centuries.
O.U.P., 1957.

S
TERN
, J
EAN
.
Voltaire et sa nièce Madame Denis.
La Palatine, 1957.

M
ORLEY
L
ORD
.
Voltaire.
Macmillan, 1872.

Cambridge Modern History.
C.U.P., 1934.

C
HESTERFIELD
, L
ORD
.
Miscellaneous Works.
London, 1777.

S
AINTE
-B
EUVE
.
Causeries du lundi.
Paris, n.d.

R
USSELL
, B
ERTRAND
.
History of Western Philosophy.
Allen & Unwin, 1955.

C
ARLYLE
.
History of Friedrich II called Frederick the Great.
Chapman & Hall, 1903.

W
ILLIAMS
.
The Fascinating Duc de Richelieu.
1910.

H
ILLAIRET
.
Gibets, piloris et cachots du vieux Paris.
Éditions de Minuit, 1956.

B
ARBER
, W. H.
Leibnitz in France.
O.U.P., 1955.

Académie des Sciences,
79
,
88
,
114

Académie Française,
137–9
,
165

Adhémar, Vicomte d',
185
,
198
,
199

Aiguillon, Anne-Charlotte de Crusol de Florensac, Duchesse d',
61

Aix-la-Chapelle,
136

Aix-la-Chapelle, Treaty of (1748),
213–15

Alary, Abbé Pierre-Joseph (1689–1770),
214

Albani, Francesco (1578–1660),
60

Alembert, Jean Le Rond d' (1717–83),
13

Algarotti, Francesco (1712–64): background,
60
; visits Cirey,
60
; Newton book,
60
,
96
; visits Rheinsberg,
116
; on Frederick,
117
; travels with Frederick,
120
; affair with Lugeac,
126
; Frederick makes his famous quote about Voltaire to,
213

Alliot, M.,
217–19

Alliot, Mme,
217

Amelot de Chaillou, Jean-Jacques (1689–1749),
145

Andy, M.,
86

Anet, Château d',
173–5

Anne, Empress of Russia (1693–1740),
123

Antin, Duc d',
156

Arenberg, Léopold-Philippe de Ligne, Duc d'Aerschot et d' (1690–1754),
109–10

Argens, Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d' (1704–71),
147

Argenson, Marc-Pierre, Comte d' (1696–1764):Voltaire's relationship with,
10
; uncle,
11
; helps Voltaire when in trouble with authorities,
13
; and Voltaire's row with Desfontaines,
87
; helps Voltaire plot departure to Berlin,
140
; Hénault writes to from Cirey,
154
; Émilie solicits for promotion for her husband,
194
; Voltaire writes to from Lorraine,
195–6

Argenson, René-Louis, Marquis d' (1694–1757):Voltaire's relationship with,
10
; uncle,
11
; helps Voltaire when in trouble with authorities,
13
; on Voltaire's interest in natural philosophy,
66–7
; and Voltaire's row with Desfontaines,
87
; Voltaire writes to from Aix,
136
; helps Voltaire
plot departure to Berlin,
140
; on Fontenoy,
160–1
; puts Voltaire in touch with Pope,
164

Argental, Charles Augustin de Ferriol, Comte d' (1700–88): Voltaire's relationship with,
9
,
88
; helps Voltaire when in trouble with authorities,
13
; qualities as a correspondent,
61
; helps Voltaire with his plays,
61
; Voltaire and Émilie write to about Voltaire going into exile,
68–9
,
70
; and Voltaire's row with Desfontaines,
83
,
84
,
87
; and Rousseau's return from exile,
85
; Émilie speaks to about Voltaire's second visit to Berlin,
126–7
; Émilie complains to him about Voltaire's neglect,
147–8
; knowledge of Voltaire's whereabouts after his flight from Fontainebleau,
172
; Voltaire writes to about Émilie's death,
221

Arnaud, François-Thomas-Marie de Baculardd' (1718–1805),
201

Arouet, Armand (1684–1745),
76
,
77
,
160

Arouet, François (1651–1721),
9
,
10
,
11
,
16

Arouet family,
9

Ashburnham, John Ashburnham, 3rd Baron, afterwards 1st Earl of (1687–1737),
15

Austrian Succession, War of the (1740–48): background,
123–4
; Frederick invades Silesia,
125
,
126
,
130
; Mollwitz,
130–1
,
132
; Voltaire fears for general spread of,
132–3
; France forms alliance with Prussia, whereupon Prussia makes peace with Maria-Theresa,
133–6
; French defeats in Bohemia,
140
,
144
; Frederick intends to re-ally himself with France,
144–5
; Fontenoy,
160–2
; Voltaire on outcome,
204

Badaud, Mme,
102

Baltimore, Lord,
116

Barber, W. H.,
127n

Bassecour, Sieur, Burgomaster of Amsterdam,
145

Bayeux, Paul d'Albert de Luynes, Bishop of,
214

Bayreuth,
147

Bayreuth, Margravine of,
145
,
146
,
147

Beauvau, Prince Alexandre de (b. 1725),
184

Beauvau, Louis-Charles Antoine, Marquis de (1710–44),
125

Beauvau, Marc de Beauvau, Prince de Craon (1679–1754), called Prince de,
217

Bébé (dwarf of ex-King Stanislas Leczinski),
183

Belgium,
71
,
109–10
,
112

Benedict XIV, Prospero Lambertini, Pope (1675–1758),
163–4
,
165
,
166

Berlin Academy,
118
,
147

Bernières, Marquis de,
17

Bernières, Marquise de,
17
,
18
,
26

Bernis, François-Joachim de Pierre, Abbé, later Cardinal de (1715–94),
162
,
192
,
214

Berwick, James Fitzjames, Duke of (1670–1734),
38

Besterman, Theodore (b. 1904),
224

Bignon, Jean-Paul, Abbé de (1662–1748),
214

Bohemia, French army in,
140
,
144

Bolingbroke, Henry St John,
Viscount (1678–1751),
17
,
22

Bond, William (d. 1735),
62

Bossuet, Jacques-Bénigne (1664–1743),
37

Bouchardon, Edme (1698–1762),
30

Boufflers, Marie-Françoise-Cathe-rine de Beauvau-Craon, Marquise de (1711–87):Voltaire at theatre with,
138
; affairs,
181
,
182
,
183–6
; becomes friends with Émilie,
187
; on life at Lunéville,
188
; aids Émilie's affair with Saint-Lambert,
189
; Émilie's jealousy of,
191
,
192–3
; at Versailles,
192
; takes the cure at Plombières,
197–9
; visit to Commercy,
202
; Émilie writes to about her pregnancy,
211
; leaks a speech Voltaire has written for Richelieu,
214–15
; kindness to Émilie during end of her pregnancy,
216
; and Émilie's death,
220
,
221

Bouhier, Président Jean (1673–1746),
165

Bouquetière, Babet la,
192

Bourbon, Louis-Henri, Duc de (1692–1740),
18
,
21
,
25

Bourget, (Charles-Joseph-) Paul (1852–1935),
165

Bouverie, Mrs,
23

Boyer, Jean-François
see
Mirepoix, Bishop of

Brancas, Marie-Angélique de Maras, Duchesse de,
51

Breteuil, Commandeur de,
4

Breteuil, Comtesse de,
4

Breteuil, Abbé Élisabeth de (b. 1711),
97

Breteuil, Gabrielle-Anne de Froulay, Baronne de,
4–5
,
54

Breteuil, Louis-Nicolas, Baron de (1648–1728),
4–5
,
15

Breteuil, Marquise de,
4
,
70

Breteuil family: members described,
4–5
; society in which they moved,
3–4
,
5–6

Broglie, Victor-François, Duc de, Marshal of France (1671–1745),
144

Brunswick,
147

Brunswick-Bevern, Anna Leopoldovna, Duchess of,
111

Brunswick-Bevern, Anton-Ulrich, Duke of (1714–76),
111

Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, Charlotte Philippina, Duchess of,
147

Brussels,
71
,
109
,
112

Bussy, Roger de Rabutin, Comte de (1618–93),
37

Carlyle, Thomas (1795–1881),
xi
,
60
,
65
,
109
,
131

Caroline, Queen of Great Britain and Ireland (1683–1737),
23
,
24

Cassini, César-François (1714–84),
61

Cassini, Jacques (1677–1756),
61

Caumartin, M. de,
6

Caylus, Anne-Olaude-Philippe de Tubières, Comte de (1692–1765),
30

Châlons, Claude-Antoine de Choi-seul-Beaupré, Bishop of,
160
,
201
,
206–7
,
223

Châlons-sur-Marne,
193
,
201
,
206–7

Champbonin, Mme de: background,
45–6
; has own room at Cirey,
60
; Voltaire writes to,
69
,
110
; and Voltaire's row with Desfontaines,
86
,
87
; Grafigny on,
93
,
96
,
97
,
99
,
102
,
104
,
105
;
welcomes Voltaire and Émilie to Cirey,
180
; Voltaire stays with after Émilie's death,
223

Champbonin, M. de,
77

Champs, Château de,
155

Charles VI, Habsburg Emperor (1685–1740),
123–4

Charles X, King of France,
106

Charles Emmanuel III, King of Sardinia (1701–73),
133

Charolais, Charles de Bourbon-Condé, Comte de (1700–60),
42–3

Châteauroux, Marie-Anne de Mailly-Nesle, Marquise de la Tournelle, Duchesse de (1717–44),
137
,
159

Châtelet-Lomont, Florent-Claude, Marquis du (1695–1766): attitude to Émilie's affair,
1
; background,
6–7
; marriage and children,
6–7
,
8
,
44–5
; fighting the Germans,
46
; allows Voltaire to live at Cirey,
51
,
55
; reaction to his wife's affair becoming public knowledge,
53
; forced into amateur dramatics by Voltaire,
55
; supports Voltaire against the authorities,
68
; refuses to remove protection from Voltaire,
70
,
72
; and Voltaire's row with Desfontaines,
86
,
87
; trips to Lorraine Court,
90
; mentioned in Grafigny's letters,
93
,
97
,
105
; travels to Low Countries with wife and Voltaire,
108
; Voltaire tries unsuccessfully to get Frederick to employ,
116
; Voltaire rejoins in Brussels,
147
; goes to Cirey,
149
,
151
; daughter marries,
159
; lawsuit finally won,
160
; son's smallpox attack,
160
; in the army,
162–3
; Émilie hopes he will get a position at Lunéville,
192
,
194
; he does so,
203
; hoodwinked into believing Émilie is pregnant by him,
209–10
; and Émilie's death,
220
,
222
; later life,
224

Châtelet, Florent-François, Chevalier du (b. 1700),
71

Châtelet, Florent-Louis-Marie, Comte (afterwards Duc) du (1727–93): background,
2
; birth,
7
; tutors,
50
,
52
,
55
,
86
; life at Cirey,
55
,
69
,
74
,
97
; Voltaire gives present to,
59
;
Institutions de physique
dedicated to,
113
; smallpox attack,
160
; Émilie tries to get him made a colonel,
162
,
189
; reaction to Émilie's pregnancy by Saint-Lambert,
211
; and Émilie's death,
222
; Voltaire lends carriage to,
223
; later life,
224

Châtelet, Gabrielle-Émilie Le Tonnelier de Breteuil, Marquise du (Émilie) (1706–1749): Voltaire's mode of addressing,
1–2
; her real name,
2
; appearance and character,
2–3
,
91
; society in which she moved,
3–4
,
5–6
; family background and home,
3
,
4–5
; education,
5
; and Jacobitism,
6
; marriage and children,
6–7
,
8
; affairs,
7
; visits Voltaire,
29
; Voltaire courts,
30–3
; love for Maupertuis,
32–3
,
44–5
,
46
,
54
,
57
; correspondence with Voltaire,
32–3
; attends Richelieu's wedding,
36–8
; supports Voltaire in his troubles over
Lettres philosophiques,
39–40
;
baby's death,
44–5
; joins Voltaire at Cirey,
45–6
; helps Voltaire get clearance to return to Paris,
49
; on new fashion for reasoning,
50
; rejoins Voltaire at Cirey,
52
; her affair with Voltaire is publicly revealed,
53–4
; life at Cirey,
55–8
,
60–3
,
89–106
; society jealousy of her talents,
56–7
; reaction to Voltaire's correspondence with Frederick,
65
; opinion of study of history,
67
; reaction to Voltaire fleeing abroad again,
69–70
; relationship with Frederick,
73
,
74
; entertains Kaiserling,
74
; problems with Linant,
75–6
; entertains Voltaire's niece,
77–8
; enters Académie des Sciences fire competition, unsuccessfully,
79
,
88
; and Voltaire's row with Desfontaines,
82–4
,
86–7
; life at Cirey,
89–106
; cooling in relationship with Maupertuis,
90
; interest in Leibnitz,
90–1
; her rooms at Cirey,
94
; her jewellery and snuff-boxes,
95
; Voltaire buys Hôtel/Palais Lambert for,
108
; travels to Low Countries with husband and Voltaire to settle family lawsuit,
108–10
; studies in algebra,
109
; trip to Paris with Voltaire,
110–12
; resumes relationship with Maupertuis,
112
; returns to Brussels with Voltaire,
112–15
; publishes
Institutions de physique,
113–14
,
121
,
127
; Frederick hopes to avoid meeting,
118–19
,
120–1
; tries to lure Voltaire back to France by getting him invitation to Court,
122–3
; despair at Voltaire's second visit to Berlin,
126–7
; rebuffed by Richelieu,
127–8
; Voltaire rejoins her in Brussels,
127–30
; family lawsuit takes favourable turn,
131
; stay in Paris with Voltaire,
131–6
; to Rheims and Brussels with Voltaire,
136
; tries to stop Voltaire going to Berlin,
141
; Voltaire writes to from Prussia,
142–3
,
146
; Voltaire chooses her over Frederick,
147
; Voltaire rejoins her,
147–8
; runs up gambling debts,
149
,
162
,
170
;
Réflections sur le bonheur,
149–51
,
176
; happy summer at Cirey with Voltaire,
151–5
; and
La Princesse de Navarre,
153
; attends thanksgiving festivities for King's recovery from illness,
155–6
; daughter marries,
159
; lawsuit finally won,
160
; son's smallpox attack,
160
; irritates people at Court,
162–3
; slander campaign against,
166
,
167
; disastrous visit to Fontainebleau with Voltaire,
169–71
; unpopularity as employer,
169–70
; pays off gambling debts,
172
; visits to Duchesse de Maine,
173–5
; relationship with Voltaire in doldrums,
175–7
; leaves Paris with Voltaire in his semi-exile,
177–80
; carriage accident,
179–80
; visit to Lorraine Court,
186–95
; affair with Saint-Lambert,
189–95
,
198–9
,
205–6
; accompanies Boufflers to take the cure at Plombières,
197–9
; Voltaire rejoins at Lunéville,
202
; a further stay in Lorraine,
202–6
; a very long card game
at Châlons,
206–7
; more work on Newton translation,
207
,
210
,
212
; pregnant by Saint-Lambert,
208–10
; decides to have baby in Lorraine,
211–12
; leaks a speech Voltaire has written for Richelieu,
214–15
; last days at Lunéville,
216–17
; daughter born,
219–20
; death,
220–1
; funeral,
222
; translation of Newton published,
224
; fate of correspondence with Voltaire,
224

Chatenay, Mme de,
102

Chauvelin, Germain-Louis de (1685–1762),
178

Chesterfield, Philip Dormer Stanhope, 4th Earl of (1694–1773),
135
,
162

Cideville, Pierre-Robert le Cornier de (1693–1778): Voltaire's relationship with,
1
,
10
; on Émilie's appearance,
2
; country home,
17
; introduces Linant to Voltaire,
27
; on
Le Temple du Goût,
30
; and
Lettres philosophiques,
34
,
38
; Voltaire writes to from Cirey,
47
; Voltaire writes to about society taking up reasoning,
49–50
; Voltaire writes to about Linant,
50
; qualities as a correspondent,
61
; on Voltaire's interest in natural philosophy,
66
; Linant's lack of respect for,
74–5
; Voltaire writes to about Linant's departure,
76
; attraction to Mme Denis,
158
; scolds Voltaire for making himself unpopular,
166
; Voltaire writes to about his unhappiness,
178

Cirey, Château de (Meurthe-et-Moselle): background,
44
; Voltaire takes refuge there,
45–6
,
51
; life at,
55–8
,
60–3
; Denis honeymoons at,
77–8
; Grafigny's letters from,
89–106
; Voltaire's wing,
93–4
,
154
; Émilie's rooms,
94
; bathroom,
96–7
; happy summer at,
151–5
; Hénault on,
154–5
; Voltaire and Émilie's impromptu visit,
180
; Voltaire leaves for ever,
222

Clairaut, Alexis-Claude (1713–65),
61
,
67
,
177
,
212
,
224

Clairon, Claire-Joseph Léris (1723–1803),
106

Clare, Charles, 6th Viscount (1699–1761),
6

Clermont, Louis de Bourbon-Condé, Comte de, Prince of the Blood (1709–71),
42–3

Coligny, Gaspard de (1519–72),
18

Collège d'Harcourt,
52–3

Comédie Française,
15
,
18
,
133
,
135
,
137–8
,
140
,
159
,
200–1

Comédie Italienne,
203

Commercy, Château de,
184–5
,
193–5
,
202–3

Condorcet, Marie-Jean-Antoine-Nicolas de Caritat, Marquis de (1743–94),
164

Congreve, William (1670–1729),
23
,
24

Conti, Louis-François de Bourbon, Prince de (1717–76),
42–3

Corneille, Pierre (1606–84),
111

Crébillon, Claude (1707–77),
47
,
135
,
200

Crébillon, Prosper Jolyot (1674–1762),
200
,
203
,
214

Créquy, Renée-Caroline de Froulay, Marquise de (1714–1803),
3
,
5
,
56

Crewe, Mrs,
23

Cumberland, William Augustus, Duke of (1721–65),
161