War Against the Weak: Eugenics and America's Campaign to Create a Master Race, Expanded Edition (92 page)
Authors: Edwin Black
BOOK: War Against the Weak: Eugenics and America's Campaign to Create a Master Race, Expanded Edition
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| 70. | Ragsdale, p. 35. |
| 71. | See Ragsdale, p. 41. Ragsdale, pp. 41-42. |
| 72. | Ragsdale, p. 42. |
| 73. | Ragsdale, p. 43. |
| 74. | Ragsdale, pp. 41, 45, 46, 48, 49. Fourth Report of Committee on Selective Immigration, p. 6. |
| 75. | Letter, Harry H. Laughlin to Frank L. Babbott, 3 January 1927: Truman C-4-3:5. |
| 76. | Anderson, p. 149. “Immigration Act of May 26, 1924,” pp. 422-423. See Fourth Report of Committee on Selective Immigration. |
| 77. | Robert DeC. Ward, “Higher Mental and Physical Standards for Immigrants”, reprinted from The Scientific Monthly, Vol. IX (1924) p 539: Truman C-4-1:8. See Fourth Report of Committee on Selective Immigration, pp. 20, 28-30. Draft copy, “Immigration Service,” (n.d), p. 2: Truman C-2-4:5. |
| 78. | US Department of Justice, “Immigration and Nationality Act of June 27, 1952 (INA) (66 Statutes-at-Large 163),” at www.ins.usdoj.gov . US Department of Justice, “Immigration and Nationality Act” at www.ins.usdoj.gov . |
| 1. | See Robert Reid Rentoul, Race Culture; Or Race Suicide? (London: The Walter Scott Publishing Co., Ltd., 1906), pp. 4-5,19-22. See Richard A. Soloway, Demography and Degeneration: Eugenics and the Declining Birthrate in Twentieth-Century Britain, (Chapel Hill, NC: The University of North Carolina Press, 1990), pp. 2-4. |
| 2. | Pauline M.H. Mazumdar, Eugenics, Human Genetics and Human Failings (London: Routledge, 1992), pp. 72-80,89,125, 143. Arthur H. Estabrook and Charles B. Davenport, The Nam Family: A Study in Cacogenics (Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Cold Spring Harbor Press, 1912), p. I. “The Eugenics Record Office,” Eugenical News, Vol. I (1916), p. 2. Charles B. Davenport, “First Report of Station for Experimental Evolution Under Department of Experimental Biology,” Carnegie Institution of Washington Year Book No.3 1904 (Washington, DC: Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1905), pp. 22, 23, 33-34. American Breeders’ Association, “Minutes of First Annual Meeting: St. Lonis, Missouri: December 29th and 30th, 1903,” memorandum circa 1904, pp. 1-3. Francis Galton, Memories of my Life, (London: Methuen & Co., 1908), pp. 310,320-321. See Francis Galton, “Eugenics; Its Definitions, Scope and Aims”: University College London, Galton Papers, 138/9. |
| 3. | Rentoul, pp. 164,165. Author’s interview with Indiana State Library, 9 December 2002. Rentoul, pp. i, xiv. |
| 4. | Francis Galton, “Eugenics: Its Definition, Scope and Aims,” (paper read at a Meeting of the Sociological Society, 16 May 1904): UCL Galton Papers 138/9. Rentoul, p. 164. Also see “An Easy Way of Sterilizing Degenerates,” The British Medical Journal, 13 August 1904, pp. 346-347. |
| 5. | Rentoul, pp. i, 17-22,24-25,109-110, 133-142. |
| 6. | Rentoul, pp. 10,44,101,155. |
| 7. | Rentoul, p. 1H. |
| 8. | Rentoul, pp. 31-32. |
| 9. | Lady Georgina Chambers, "Notes on the Early Days of the 'Eugenics Education Society,'" pp 2,3: Wellcome SA/EUG/B-11. Mazumdar, pp. 24,25,27,29,30. Letter, Leonard Darwin to David Starr Jordan, 1 January 1914: Hoover Institution Archives, Horder, Box 60, Folder 52. Also see Phyllis Grosskurth, Havelock Ellis, A Biography (London: Allen Lane, 1980), p. 412n. |
| 10. | Rentoul, p. 169. Letter, C.S. Tromp to R. Chalmers, 14 September 1906: PRO HO 45/10341/139871. “The Isle of Lundy,” at www.lundy.org.uk . |
| 11. | Francis Galton, Restrictions in Marriage (American Journal of Sociology, 1906), p. 3. Francis Galton, Memories of My Life (London: Methuen & Co., 1908), p. 310. Major Leonard Darwin, “First Steps Towards Eugenic Reform,” Eugenics Review, Vol. 4 (ca. April 1912), pp 34-35 as selected in G. K. Chesterton, Eugenics and Other Evils, edited by and including additional articles selected by Michael W. Perry (Seattle, WA: Inkling Press, 2000), pp 144-145. |
| 12. | “Eugenical Sterilization in England,” Eugenical News Vol. X (1925), pp. 134-135. Letter, Hugh MacEwen to Sir George Newman, 12 August 1930: PRO MH79/291. Letter, A. Neville to A.S. Moshinsky, 20 February 1937: PRO MH79/291. |
| 13. | Soloway, pp. 74-75. |
| 14. | “Notes on the Early Days,” p. 33. |
| 15. | “Notes on the Early Days,” pp. 3,6-7. “A Large Family” and “A Decadent Family”, Admissions forms for Sandlebridge Boarding Special School: UCL, Galton Papers, 138/8. “Notes on the Early Days of the ‘Eugenics Education Society,’” pp. 4, 9. Dr. Caleb W. Saleeby, “The House of Life: The Mental Deficiency Bill,” July 23 1912. |
| 16. | Letter, Sybil Gotto to Francis Galton, 11 December 1909: UCL, Galton Papers, 240/7. “Eugenics: Prof. Karl Pearson on its Methods,” The Standard, 3 January 1910. See “Notes on the Early Days,” p. 32. |
| 17. | Carnegie Institution of Washington, Announcement of Station for Erperimental Evolution (Washington: Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1905), p. 4: APS: Davenport Beginnings of Cold Spring Harbor. The Eugenics Education Society, “Programme,” Problems in Eugenics Vol. II: Report of Proceedings of the First International Eugenical Congress (Kingsway, W.C.: Eugenics Education Society, 1913), pp. 3, 5, 6-13. |
| 18. | “Programme,” Problems in Eugenics Vol. II, p. 2. |
| 19. | Saleeby, “The House of Life: The Mental Deficiency Bill.” |
| 20. | Saleeby, “The Discussion of Alcoholism,” p. 6. Richard Allen Soloway, Birth Control and the Population Question in England, 1877-1930 (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1982), p. 17. Rentoul, p. i. “Notes on the Early Days,” pp. 4, 9. |
| 21. | “The International Eugenics Congress.” Saleeby, “The Discussion of Alcoholism at the Eugenics Congress,” p. 6. Saleeby, “The House of Life: The Mental Deficiency Bill.” |
| 22. | Grotto to Galton, 11 December 1909. |
| 23. | Michael Warren, A Chronology of State Medicine, Public Health, Welfare and Related Services in Britain: 1066 - 1999. |
| 24. | Mazumdar, pp. 22-23. Daniel. Kevles, In The Name of Eugenics, (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1985), p. 98. |
| 25. | Lord Riddell, “Sterilization of the Unfit: A Paper for the Medico-Legal Society,” memorandum, circa February 1929, p. 17: PRO MH 58/103. |
| 26. | Mazumdar, pp. 23-24. Kevles, p. 98. |
| 27. | “Editorial Notes”, Eugenics Review Vol. 2 (October 1910), pp. 163-164. Letter, Winston Churchill to unknown recipient, 27 May 1910: PRO HO 144/1085/193548/1. |
| 28. | Darwin, “First Steps Towards Eugenic Reform.” |
| 29. | Darwin, “First Steps Towards Eugenic Reform.” Riddell, p. 17. |
| 30. | Caleb Saleeby, The Progress of Eugenics (London: Cassell, 1914), p. 181, as selected by Perry, p. 133. |
| 31. | Darwin, “First Steps Towards Eugenic Reform.” “The Mental Deficiency Act, 1913,” Eugenics Review Vol.5 (Apr. 1913- Jan. 1914), p. 290, as selected by Perry, p. 148. |
| 32. | Saleeby, “The House of Life.” |
| 33. | Darwin, “First Steps Towards Eugenic Reform.” |
| 34. | Saleeby, “The House of Life.” |
| 35. | Saleeby, “The House of Life.” |
| 36. | “Mental Deficiency Bill,” Eugenics Review Vol. 4 (circa January 1913), p. 420, as selected by Perry, p. 146. R. Langdon-Down, “The Mental Deficiency Bill,” Eugenics Review Vol. 5 (circa April 1913-January 1914), pp. 166-167, as selected by Perry, p. 147. |
| 37. | “The Mental Deficiency Act, 1913,” p. 148. Eugenics Society, “The Sterilization of Mental Defectives,” draft of leaflet, circa 1929: PRO MH58/104A. |
| 38. | Saleeby, The Progress of Eugenics, pp. 188-189, as selected by Perry, p. 134. |
| 39. | “The Mental Deficiency Act, 1913,” p. 290, as selected by Perry, p. 148. “The Mental Deficiency Act,” Eugenics Review Vol. 9 (April 1917 - January 1918), p. 263 as cited by Perry, pp. 148-149. |
| 40. | See Harry H. Laughlin, Eugenical Sterilization in the United States (Chicago: Psychopathic Laboratory of the Municipal Court of Chicago, 1922). |
| 41. | Galton, Memories of My Life, pp. 293-294, 320-321. “Galton Laboratory for National Eugenics and the Biometric Laboratory,” Organized Eugenics, (New Haven, CT: American Eugenics Society), 1931, p. 37. Soloway, Demography and Degenration , p. 163. C. P. Blacker, Eugenics: Galton and After (Westport, CT: Hyperion Press, Inc.), p. 237. Mazumdar, pp. 82,85. |
| 42. | Letter, Francis Benedict to Karl Pearson, 20 November 1920: UCL, Pearson Papers, 653/2. Letter, Francis Benedict to Karl Pearson, 13 December 1920: UCL, Pearson Papers, 653/2. |
| 43. | Mazumdar, pp. 77, 85-87, 289, 328. |
| 44. | Mazumdar, p. 72. Report of the Committee appointed to consider the Eugenic Aspect of Poor Law Reform, “Section I: The Eugenic Principle in Poor Law Administration,” Eugenic Review Vol.2 (1910-1911) pp. 167-177 as cited by Mazumdar, p. 72. Eugenics Education Society, Third Annual Report (1911), p. 18 as cited by Mazumdar, pp. 71-72. |
| 45. | Maznmdar, pp. 71-72, 133-135,205-207. MacNicol, p 429. |
| 46. | Mazumdar, pp. 72, 73. “Metropolitan Relieving Officers’ Association: Eugenics and the Poor Law,” The Poor-Law Officers’ Journal, 26 September 1913, p. 1217. “Life and Scenes in London #1 : ‘Bethnal Green,’” The Nineteenth Century (June 1924) as cited by Casebook: Jack The Ripper at www.casebook.org . |
| 47. | “Metropolitan Relieving Officers’ Association: Eugenics and the Poor Law.” |
| 48. | Mazumdar, pp. 109-121, 124, 125. See “Rothamsted,” at www.nolimits.nmw.ac.uk . |
| 49. | Mazumdar, pp. 125, 126, 137, 142,294. |
| 50. | Letter, Harry H. Laughlin to Harry Olson, 12 October 1923: Truman D-2-3:6. Letter, Harry H. Laughlin to Charles B. Davenport, 22 November 1923: Truman C-2-6:17. |
| 51. | Laughlin to Olson, 12 October 1923. |
| 52. | Generally see David Starr Jordan, War and the Breed: The Relation of War to the Downfall of Nations (Beacon Press 1915). |
| 53. | Jordan. |
| 54. | Jordan. Eugenics Review, Vol. 6, No. 3 (October 1914), pp. 197-198 as cited by Soloway, p. 141. |
| 55. | Letter, Cora Hodson to Elton Mayo, 27 June 1927: Eugenics Society Paper C210, as cited by Mazumdar, pp. 127-128. |
| 56. | Mazumdar, p. 133. |
| 57. | Mazumdar, p. 137. Letter, Cora Hodson to Sir Walter Moley Fletcher, 15 September 1927: PRO FDI/1734. |
| 58. | “Population studies in Edinburgh,” Eugenics Review Vol. 18 (1926-27), pp. 227-230 as cited by Mazumdar p. 137. |
| 59. | Letter, Cora Hodson to Sir Walter Moley Fletcher, 15 September 1927. Letter, Cora Hodson to Miss C. H. Paterson, 8 February 1926: Wellcome Box 112. Mazumdar, pp. 133-137, 142. See Daniel Kevles, In The Name of Eugenics (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1985), pp. 100-101. See John MacNicol, “The Voluntary Sterilization Campaign in Britain, 1918-39,” The Journal of the History of Sexuality, Vol. 2., No.3 (1992), p. 429. |
| 60. | Caleb Saleeby, “Two Decades of Eugenics,” The Sociological Review 16 July 1924, pp. 251-253 as cited by Perry, p. 135. “History and Survey of the Eugenics Movement, Committee on the,” Organized Eugenics, p. 17. |
| 61. | Letter, Cora Hodson to Irving Fisher, 17 June 1925: Truman C-2-5:6. Letter, Field Secretary to Cora Hodson, 29 June 1925: Truman C-2-5:6. |
| 62. | Letter, Cora Hodson to S. Wayne Evans, 9 June 1931 : Wellcome SA/EUG/E-1. |
| 63. | Letter, Paul M. Kinsie to Harry H. Laughlin, 28 March 1928: Truman C-2-5:6. |
| 64. | Eugenics Education Society, “Minutes of Proceedings at A Meeting held at The Rooms of the Royal Society, Burlington House, London, W. on Tuesday, January 29th , 1924”: Truman D-5-2:13. Harry H. Laughlin, “Eugenics in America,” Eugenics Review, April 1925. |
| 65. | Laughlin, “Eugenics in America.” |
| 66. | Cora Hodson, “Draft of Letter to ‘The Times.’” |
| 67. | “Segregation versus Sterilization,” Eugenical News Vol. X (1925), pp. 2-3. |
| 68. | C. P. Blacker, Eugenics: Galton and After (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press 1952 reprinted by Westport, CT: Hyperion Press, Inc., 1987), p. 203. “The Sterilization of Mental Defectives.” |
| 69. | Mazumdar, pp. 197, 198. MacNicol pp. 428, 429. |
| 70. | Ministry of Health, “Existing Position in U.K.”: PRO MH 58/104A. |
| 71. | Letter, Ellen Askwith to Neville Chamberlain, 16 February 1929: PRO MH 58/103. Letter, Sir Bernard Mallet to Neville Chamberlain, 18 February 1929: PRO MH 58/103 98826. |
| 72. | Letter, Frederick J. Willis to Leonard Darwin, 8 July 1927: PRO MH 511547. Frederick J. Willis, “Sterilization Bill,” draft attached to letter, 8 July 1927: PRO MH 51/547. Bernard Mallet, “Draft of Sterilization Bill,” circa 1929: PRO MH51/547. |
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