Why Government Fails So Often: And How It Can Do Better (89 page)

Small Business Administration,
282

Smith, Adam,
28
,
200

Social Security,
8
,
26
,
54
,
96
,
118
,
176
,
181
–
82
,
187
,
202
,
364
,
371
; grid system,
286
; success of,
337
–
39
; trust fund label,
338
; 1983 reform of,
153

Social Security Act,
328
,
391

Social Security Administration,
210

Social Security Disability Insurance.
See
disability

Solyndra,
267

Sowell, Thomas,
329

state and local governments,
17
,
95
,
148
.
See also
decentralization
;
localism

Stewart, Jon,
318

Stiglitz, Joseph,
216
,
272

student loans,
9
,
260
,
262
,
383

Stuntz, William,
306

success and failure of programs: anachronistic policies,
177
–
79
; examples of success,
327
–
68
,
409
; government ambition effect on,
411
; reasons for,
363
–
64
.
See also
failure

Sunstein, Cass,
158
,
387
,
390
,
404
–
5
; data in private sector,
394
; libertarian paternalism,
404
; look-back,
390
,
405
;
Nudge
,
404
;
Simpler: The Future of Government
,
404
; soft paternalism,
404

Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program.
See
food stamp program

Supplemental Security Income,
146
–
47

Supreme Court,
3
,
185
,
217
,
286
,
296

Swift, Earl,
341

Taleb, Nassim Nicholas,
58
,
172

tax expenditures,
82
,
173
; employer-provided health insurance,
180

Tennessee Valley Authority,
154

Tesla Motors,
268

Tetlock, Philip,
57
–
58

Thaler, Richard,
387
,
404

Tobin, James,
198
–
199

Tocqueville, Alexis de,
102
,
113
,
375

Turner, Frederick Jackson,
333

Turner, Sarah,
395

Tversky, Amos,
157

unemployment insurance,
8
,
145

U.S. Postal Service,
65
,
175
,
250
; and United Parcel Service,
175

U.S. Sentencing Commission,
77

Verba, Sidney,
113

Veterans Administration,
146
,
191
,
215

Viscusi, W. Kip,
244

Volcker, Paul,
198
,
406

Volcker Rule,
79
,
179
,
236
–
38
,
282

Voting Rights Act of 1965,
26
,
177
,
287
,
328
,
330
,
345
–
50
,
365
; Department of Justice and,
348
; effects of,
345
–
46
; federal courts and,
350
; minority office holding and,
346
; section 5 of,
348

Wald, Patricia,
292

Wall Street Journal
,
268
,
291

War on Drugs,
19

Warren, Elizabeth,
396
; student loans and,
396

waste.
See
fraud, waste, and abuse

Weber, Max,
307
,
313

welfare programs,
116
,
147
,
155
,
349
,
353
,
356
–
59
,
364
,
366
,
391
–
92
,
397

Welfare Reform Act of 1996,
328
,
356
–
59

Westen, Peter,
112

whistle-blowers,
137
,
252
,
305
,
322
,
401
; Whistle Blower Protection Act of 1989,
322

Wildavsky, Aaron,
42
,
213
,
230
,
234
,
236
,
239

Wilson, James Q.,
16
,
21
,
29
,
59
,
103
,
105
,
138
–
39
,
307
,
323
,
375
,
411

Winston, Clifford,
22
–
23
,
52
,
63
,
241
,
247
–
51

Wolf, Charles,
149
,
150
,
152
,
156
,
169
,
171
; derivative externalities,
151
; internalities,
149
–
50
; nonmarket failures,
149

Work Opportunity Tax Credit,
291

workers,
22
,
47
,
70
,
109
,
111
,
133
,
138
,
145
–
46
,
148
,
180
,
190
,
194
–
95
,
204
,
212
,
221
,
243
–
44
,
250
–
51
,
253
,
257
,
285
,
291
,
332
,
338
,
351
,
353
,
358
,
366
; federal civil service,
308
,
319
,
321
–
26
; transit,
22

World Governance Indicators,
12

Zeckhauser, Richard,
183
–
84

“zero-credit policymaking,”
152
–
54