Windows Server 2008 R2 Unleashed (72 page)

Exploring DHCP Changes in Windows Server 2008 R2

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Automating DHCP Database Backup and Restore

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The process of backing up all DHCP settings and restoring them onto the same (or a differ-

ent) server has been streamlined in Windows Server 2008 R2. No longer do administrators

need to export Registry keys and manually move databases between servers or use the

DHCP import/export tool from Microsoft to migrate DHCP. The backup and restore process

can be accomplished directly from the MMC, and the migration of DHCP server data can

be performed using tools included with the Windows Server 2008 R2 operating system.

The DHCP Server service on Windows Server 2008 R2 will back itself up automatically

each hour to the %systemroot%\system32\dhcp\backup. Of course, only the most recent

backup is maintained in this folder; if historic backup is required, an administrator should

enable Volume Shadow Copy on the drive that contains the system root and also perform

periodic backups of the DHCP server using Windows Backup or another backup solution,

such as Microsoft Data Protection Manager. When a DHCP administrator is going to make

changes to a DHCP server, it is a best practice to manually perform a backup of the DHCP

database and configuration by performing the following steps:

1. Open the DHCP management console (Start, All Programs, Administrative Tools,

DHCP). If prompted, click Continue to confirm the action.

2. Right-click the server name and choose Backup, as illustrated in Figure 11.6.

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FIGURE 11.6

Backing up a DHCP database.

3. Specify a location for the backup file, and click OK. The backup files will then be

saved into the location you chose.

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To restore a previously backed up DHCP server configuration and database to the same or

an alternate server, perform the following steps:

1. Open the DHCP management console on the server to which you want to restore

the scope (Start, All Programs, Administrative Tools, DHCP). If prompted, click

Continue to confirm the action.

2. Right-click the server name and choose Restore. Select the location where the backup

files can be found, and click OK.

3. When you see a dialog box asking whether the service can be stopped and restarted,

click Yes to continue. The service will be restarted, and the entire database and

Registry will be restored.

NOTE

The DHCP backup and restore process is extremely useful in migrating existing DHCP

server configurations, scopes, and up-to-date lease information to new DHCP servers.

However, because down-level (pre–Windows Server 2008 R2) DHCP servers do not sup-

port automatic backup and restore, you will need to migrate from these servers by

either the DHCP import/export tool between Windows 2003 systems or the Windows

Server Migration Tools can be used to migrate the Windows Server 2003 DHCP server

configuration and database to a Windows Server 2008 R2 system.

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Migrating DHCP Servers Using Windows Server Migration Tools

Windows Server 2008 R2 includes a new set of PowerShell cmdlets called the Windows

Server Migration Tools. These tools can be installed on a Windows Server 2008 R2 system

from the Add Features Wizard in Server Manager. The Windows Server Migration Tools can

be used to migrate services between source servers running Windows Server 2003,

Windows Server 2008, and Windows Server 2008 R2 to destination Windows Server 2008

R2 systems. DHCP is one of the services that can be migrated with these tools. One of the

major advantages of this tool is the fact that it will migrate not only scope information,

but it will also migrate the existing leases on the source server scope.

Before the Windows Server Migration Tools can be used to migrate DHCP services from

one server to another, the tools will need to be installed on both the source and destina-

tion servers. Because the Windows Server Migration Tools are included with Windows

Server 2008 R2, the tool must be packaged and installed on Windows Server 2003 or

Windows Server 2008 systems if the source servers are running either of these operating

systems. The overall process of using the Windows Server Migration Tools to migrate

DHCP services is as follows:

1. Verify that the DHCP server settings, scopes, and scope options on the source DHCP

server are the desired settings to migrate, and adjust as necessary.

2. Install the Windows Server Migration Tools on a Windows Server 2008 R2 system.

3. Create a deployment folder for the correct operating system (Windows Server 2003 or

Windows Server 2008) and platform (x86 or amd64) from a command prompt on the

Windows Server 2008 R2 system with the Window Server Migration Tools installed.

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4. Install or verify that the Windows Server Migration Tools prerequisites are installed

on the source and destination servers, which include the latest Windows PowerShell

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for the specific operating system and platform.

5. Install the Windows Server Migration Tools package on the desired source and desti-

nation DHCP servers.

6. Run the Windows Server Migration Tools export cmdlet, locally, on the source DHCP

server and copy the export files to the destination DHCP server.

7. Unauthorize the source DHCP server and change the IP address or remove the

system from the network permanently.

8. Add the original source DHCP server IP address to the destination server as a primary

IPv4 address on a network adapter.

9. Run the Windows Server Migration Tools import cmdlet, locally, on the destination

DHCP server.

10. Enable the DHCP Server service, start it, and verify the imported settings.

11. Authorize the DHCP server.

Installing the Windows Server Migration Tools on Windows Server 2008 R2

Before the Windows Server Migration Tools can be used to migrate DHCP services between

servers, it must be installed on a Windows Server 2008 R2 system. To install the Windows

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Server Migration Tools, perform the following steps:

1. Choose Start, All Programs, Administrative Tools, Server Manager. In the console tree,

right-click on Features and then click Add Features to start the Add Features Wizard.

2. On the Select Features page, scroll down the list of features and select the check box

next to Windows Server Migration Tools; then click Next to continue.

3. On the Confirm Installation Selections page, click Install to begin installing the

Windows Server Migration Tools.

4. On the Installation Results page, review the results and click Close to complete the

installation.

Creating the Deployment Folder Package of the Windows Server Migration Tools for Down-

Level Operating System Installation

When DHCP services will be migrated to a Windows Server 2008 R2 DHCP server from a

source Windows Server 2003 or Windows Server 2008 system, the Windows Server

Migration Tools will need to be packaged for deployment and installation on those

down-level operating systems. To build the deployment folder package, perform the

following steps:

1. Using an account with administrator permissions, log on to the Windows Server

2008 R2 system that has the Windows Server Migration Tools installed.

2. Open an elevated command prompt by clicking Start, All Programs, Accessories;

locate and right-click Command Prompt and choose Run As Administrator. If

prompted for confirmation, click Continue.

3. In the Command Prompt window, change the directory to

%systemroot%\system32\ServerMigrationTools.

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4. Type the command SmigDeploy.exe /package /architecture x86 /os ws03 /path

c:\downloads and press Enter. This command creates the installation package for a

Windows Server 2003 x86 system and places the files in the

c:\downloads\SMT_ws03_x86 folder. If the downloads folder is not already created,

the command creates it automatically.

5. Type the command SmigDeploy.exe /package /architecture amd64 /os ws08

/path c:\downloads and press Enter. This command creates the installation package

for a Windows Server 2008 x64 system and places the files in the

c:\downloads\SMT_ws08_amd64 folder. If the downloads folder is not already

created, the command creates it automatically.

6. Repeat the last command for any additional operating systems that will be used as

either source or destination DHCP servers.

7. Close the command prompt and, if necessary, share the c:\downloads folder so that

it can be accessed across the network.

Installing the Windows Server Migration Tools on Windows Server 2003 DHCP Server

Before the Windows Server Migration Tools can be installed on a Windows Server 2003

system, the .NET Framework 2.0 must be installed as well as the latest Windows

PowerShell. Download and install these two prerequisites and also download any security

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updates for these add-ons. Once those steps are completed, perform the following steps

before the Windows Server Migration Tools can be used:

1. Using an account with administrator permissions, log on to the Windows Server

2003 x86 DHCP server.

2. Click Start and select Run.

3. Type in the location where the Server Migration Tools package for this operating

system is stored (for this example, \\server20\downloads\).

4. Locate the “SMT_ws03_x86” folder that was created previously, right-click the folder,

and choose Copy.

5. Click Start and select Run.

6. Type c:\ and click OK.

7. On the root of the C: drive, right-click on a blank space and click Paste to create the

c:\SMT_ws03_x86 folder on the Windows Server 2003 system. Close the window.

8. Click Start and select Run.

9. Type cmd and click OK to open a command prompt.

10. In the Command Prompt window, change the directory to c:\SMT_ws03_x86\.

11. Type SmigDeploy.exe and press Enter to register the Windows Server Migration Tools

cmdlets into Windows PowerShell.

12. After the command completes, the original Command Prompt window will be open,

as well as a separate PowerShell window. Type exit in each of the Command Prompt

windows to close them.

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The Windows Server Migration Tools are now installed and registered with Windows

PowerShell on the Windows Server 2003 x86 system and can be used in a PowerShell

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window.

Installing the Windows Server Migration Tools on Windows Server 2008 64-Bit Edition DHCP

Server

Before the Windows Server Migration Tools can be installed on a Windows Server 2008 64-

bit system, install Windows PowerShell from the Add Features link in Server Manager if it

is not already installed. Once Windows PowerShell is installed, perform the following

steps before the Windows Server Migration Tools can be used:

1. Using an account with administrator permissions, log on to the Windows Server

2008 64-bit DHCP server.

2. Click Start. In the search pane, enter the path to the location where the Server

Migration Tools package for this operating system is stored and press Enter (for this

example, \\server20\downloads\).

3. Locate the “SMT_ws08_amd64” folder that was created previously, right-click the

folder, and choose Copy.

4. Click Start. In the search pane, type c:\ and press Enter.

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5. On the root of the C: drive, right-click on a blank space and click Paste to create the

c:\SMT_ws08_amd64 folder on the Windows Server 2008 system. Close the window.

6. Click Start, and in the search pane, type cmd. When the command prompt is listed,

right-click the shortcut and choose Run As Administrator. If prompted, click

Continue to open an elevated Command Prompt window.

7. In the Command Prompt window, change the directory to c:\SMT_ws08_amd64\.

8. Type SmigDeploy.exe and press Enter to register the Windows Server Migration Tools

cmdlets into Windows PowerShell.

9. After the command completes, the original Command Prompt window will be open,

as well as a separate PowerShell window. Type exit in each of the Command Prompt

windows to close them.

The Windows Server Migration Tools are now installed and registered with Windows

PowerShell on the Windows Server 2008 64-bit and can be used in a PowerShell window.

Migrating DHCP Services from Windows Server 2003 x86 to

Windows Server 2008 R2

The proceeding steps can be used to migrate DHCP services from a Windows Server 2003

x86 DHCP server to a Windows Server 2008 R2 system. Migrating the DHCP services

includes several steps, which are outlined in the following sections.

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Exporting DHCP Servers Setting from a Windows Server 2003 DHCP Server

Exporting the DHCP server settings and scopes must be performed on the source DHCP

server. Before this task can be performed, the .NET framework, Windows PowerShell, and

the Server Migration Tools need to be installed. Once these tools are installed, follow these

steps to export the DHCP settings from a Windows Server 2003 x86-based system.