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51 . See Ranke,Theory and Practice of History ; and Novick,That Noble Dream , 26â30.
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52 . See Beard, “That Noble Dream”; and Eric Goldman's veneration of Beard, “Historians and the Ivory Tower,”Social Frontier , 2, no. 9 (1936).
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53 . Garraty and Carnes,American National Biography , 404.
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54 . Beale,Charles A. Beard , 139.
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55 . Beard,The Making of Charles A. Beard , 103.
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56 . Smith, “A Tale of Two Charlies,” 130.
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57 . Nore,Charles A. Beard , 133â34; Lippmann,The Phantom Public .
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58 . On America's key role in shaping the economics of the interwar period, see Tooze,The Deluge .
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59 . Herring,From Colony to Superpower , 439; “French Population Shows Little Gain,”The New York Times , February 26, 1922, 30.
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60 . Westad,The Global Cold War , 19.
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61 . Herring,From Colony to Superpower , 451.
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62 . See Zelizer,Arsenal of Democracy , 37.
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63 . Herring,From Colony to Superpower , 442.
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64 . Nore,Charles A. Beard , 96.
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65 . See Kennedy,Charles A. Beard , 47, 49â50, and Beard,Cross-Currents in Europe Today .
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66 . For a discussion of the Beards'Rise of American Civilization , see Nore,Charles A. Beard , 112â26.
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67 . Charles A. Beard to Lewis Mumford, May 9, 1927, Papers of Lewis Mumford, folder 347.
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68 . Herring,From Colony to Superpower , 439.
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69 . Charles A. Beard, “Bigger and Better Armaments,”Harper's Magazine , January 1929, 133â43.
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70 . Nore,Charles A. Beard , 110.
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71 . Charles A. Beard and William Beard,The American Leviathan , 732â36.
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72 . Kennedy,Freedom from Fear , 39.
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74 . See Sobel,The Great Bull Market , 73â74, and Kennedy,Freedom from Fear , 41.
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75 . David Burner,Herbert Hoover: A Public Life (New York: Knopf, 1979), 298.
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76 . Steel,Walter Lippmann , 287â88.
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77 . Schwartz,The Interregnum of Despair , 6.
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78 . Badger,The New Deal , 11.
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80 . Sowell,Intellectuals and Society , 130.
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81 . Hofstadter,The American Political Tradition , 283.
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82 . See Sowell,Intellectuals and Society , 130â34.
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83 . Kennedy,Charles A. Beard , 62.
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84 . Beard,America Faces the Future , 137.
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85 . See Kennedy,Charles A. Beard , 57â60.
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86 . Badger,The New Deal , 6.
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87 . Rofe, “âUnder the Influence of Mahan,'” 732.
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88 . Roosevelt,My Boy Franklin , 15.
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89 . Cumings,Dominion from Sea to Sea , 305.
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90 . See Franklin D. Roosevelt “Our Foreign Policy: A Democratic View,”Foreign Affairs 6, 1928, quoted in Zelizer,Arsenal of Democracy , 37.
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91 . Cohen,The American Revisionists , 135.
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92 . Nore,Charles A. Beard , 144.
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93 . Beard,The Open Door at Home , 135â54. For a discussion of the book, see Nore,Charles A. Beard , 144â47.
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94 . Nore,Charles A. Beard , 144.
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95 . See Kennedy,Charles A. Beard , 66â69.
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96 . Beard,The Open Door at Home , 273â74.
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98 . See Kennedy,Charles A. Beard , 72.
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99 . Ibid., 73â74.
100 . Ibid., 74â77, Nore,Charles A. Beard , 147.
101 . Chang,The Rape of Nanking ; Fogel,The Nanjing Massacre in History and Historiography .
102 . Kennedy,Freedom from Fear , 502.
103 . Casey,Cautious Crusade , 23.
104 . Herring,From Colony to Superpower , 521.
105 . See Hull,Memoirs , 1:544â45; and Beale,Charles A. Beard , 176.
106 . Burns,The Lion and the Fox , 318.
108 . Hull,Memoirs , 1:545.
109 . Kennedy,Charles A. Beard , 65.
110 . Quoted in Beard,A Foreign Policy for America , 113.
111 . Brands,What America Owes the World , 124â25.
112 . Charles A. Beard, “National Politics and the War,”Scribner's Magazine , February 1935, 65â70.
113 . Kennedy,Charles A. Beard , 82.
115 . Charles A. Beard, “WarâIf, How, and When?”Events 2, August 1937, 81â86.
116 . Brands,What America Owes the World , 126.
117 . Charles A. Beard, “A Reply to Mr. Browder,”The New Republic , February 2, 1938, 357â59.
118 . Kennedy,Charles A. Beard , 88â89.
119 . Howe,England Expects Every American to Do His Duty , 86.
120 . Charles A. Beard, “We're Blundering into War,”The American Mercury , April 1939, quoted in Brands,What America Owes the World , 127.
121 . Beard, “Education Under the Nazis,” 437â52.
122 . H. L. Mencken to Charles A. Beard, May 20, 1939; Charles A. Beard to H. L. Mencken (May 1939?); Charles A. Beard to H. L. Mencken, August 14, 1940; H. L. Mencken to Charles A. Beard, August 15, 1940, Papers of Charles and Mary Beard, folder 27.
123 . Brick, “Talcott Parsons's âShift Away from Economics,'” 502.
124 . Josephson,Infidel in the Temple , 413â14.
125 . Beard,A Foreign Policy for America , 39â47.
130 . Kennedy,Charles A. Beard , 98.
131 . See Reinhold Niebuhr, “Review ofA Foreign Policy for America ,”The Nation , May 25, 1940, 656â58.
132 . Nore,Charles A. Beard , 182.
133 . Mumford, “The Corruption of Liberalism,” 618â23. Also see Nore,Charles A. Beard , 183.
134 . Brands,What America Owes the World , 129.
135 . Nore,Charles A. Beard , 185.
137 . Brands,What America Owes the World , 137.
138 . Kennedy,Charles A. Beard , 102. For a full transcript, see “Statement of Charles A. Beard,”To Promote the Defense of the U.S.: Hearings Before the Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate, on Senate [Bill] 275 , 77th Cong., 1st sess., February 4, 1941, 307â12.
139 . Brands,What America Owes the World , 138.
140 . Haufler,Codebreaker's Victory , 127.
4. The Syndicated Oracle: Walter Lippmann
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1 . Judt,Thinking the Twentieth Century , 275.
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2 . Dildy,Dunkirk 1940 , 89.
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3 . Steel,Walter Lippmann , 281.
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4 . Arthur Schlesinger Jr., “Walter Lippmann: The Intellectual v. Politics,” in Childs and Reston,Walter Lippmann and His Times , 189.
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5 . Interview with Professor Allan Nevins, WLR, 175.
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6 . Steel,Walter Lippmann , 384.
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7 . Lippmann, “T&T,” June 18, 1940.
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9 . Steel,Walter Lippmann , 385.
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11 . Charles Beard to James T. Farrell, February 1 (year illegible due to fire damage, likely 1948), Papers of James T. Farrell, “Charles Beard.”
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12 . Logevall, “First Among Critics,” 351.
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13 . Adam,Walter Lippmann , 17.
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14 . Steel,Walter Lippmann , 6â8.
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15 . Wright,Five Public Philosophies of Walter Lippmann , 12.
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17 . Steel,Walter Lippmann , 18.
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19 . Steel,Walter Lippmann , 28.
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20 . Fink,Progressive Intellectuals and the Dilemmas of Democratic Commitment , 11.
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21 . Walter Lippmann to Lincoln Steffens, May 18, 1910, WLP, box 31.
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22 . Steel,Walter Lippmann , 39.
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23 . Lippmann,A Preface to Politics , 33, 49, 17, 60.
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24 . Steel,Walter Lippmann , xiii.
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26 . Steel,Walter Lippmann , 64â65.
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27 . Croly,The Promise of American Life , 303.
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30 . Walter Lippmann to Van Wyck Brooks, February 5, 1914, Papers of Van Wyck Brooks, folder 1662.
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31 . Steel,Walter Lippmann , 62.
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34 . Walter Lippmann to Felix Frankfurter, August 2, 1914, WLP, box 10, folder 418.
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35 . Walter Lippmann, “Force and Ideas,”The New Republic , November 7, 1914.
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36 . Walter Lippmann to Graham Wallas, August 5, 1915,PP , xxiv.
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37 . Lippmann,The Stakes of Diplomacy , 67, 224.
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39 . Steel,Walter Lippmann , 102â103.
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41 . Walter Lippmann, “The Case for Wilson,”The New Republic , October 14, 1916.
