1858 (62 page)

156
. Robert E. Lee to Anna Fitzhugh, November 22, 1857, Lee Family Papers, Duke University.

157
. Lee Diary, November 11, 1857.

158
. Michael Fellman,
The Making of Robert E. Lee
(New York: Random House, 2000), 24–25.

159
. Freeman, 1:379.

160
. Margaret Sanborn,
Robert E. Lee: A Portrait
(Moose, Wyoming: Homestead Publishing, 1966), 193; Robert E. Lee to Anna Fitzhugh, November 27, 1857, Lee Family Papers.

161
. Robert E. Lee,
Recollections and Letters of General Robert E. Lee
(Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1904), 20–21; Emory Thomas,
Robert E. Lee: A Biography
(New York: W.W. Norton and Co., 1995), 175.

162
. Margaret Sanborn,
Robert E. Lee: A Portrait
(Moose, Wyoming: Homestead Publishing, 1966)
,
164; Mary Lee to Martha Custis, August 28, 1831, Lee Family Papers; Thomas Connelly,
The Marble Man: Robert E. Lee and His Image in American Society
(New York: Alfred Knopf, 1977), 35.

163
. Mary Custis Lee DeButts, ed.,
Growing Up in the 1850s: The Journal of Agnes Lee
(Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1984), 116, 63.

164
. Murray Nelligan,
The Custis-Lee Mansion, the Robert E. Lee Memorial, Virginia
(Washington, DC: U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, 1962), 16–18.

165
. Elizabeth Calvert Diary, Lee Family Papers.

166
. Nelligan,
The Custis-Lee Mansion
, 22.

167
. From an obituary of George Washington Parke Custis,
Harper’s Weekly
, October 24, 1857.

168
. Mildred Lee, entry of July 20, 1890, in sister Agnes’s journal, in DeButts,
Growing Up in the 1850s: the Journal of Agnes Lee
.

169
. Elizabeth Calvert, “Childhood Days at Arlington,” Mss., Arlington House Archives.

170
. A. R. Gurley,
Morrison’s Stranger’s Guide to the City of Washington
(Washington, DC: William H. Morrison and Co., 1852), 33–34.

171
. Arlington House,
The Robert E. Lee Memorial, Cultural Landscape Report
, vol.1, History (Washington, DC Department of the Interior, National Parks Service, National Central Region, Cultural Landscape Program, 2001), 21.

172
. Mildred Lee, in Mary Custis Lee DeButts,
Growing Up in the 1850s: The Journal of Agnes Lee
, 117–118.

173
. Mary Lee to Robert E. Lee, May 9, 1861, Ely-DeButts collection, Arlington House Archives.

174
. Robert E. Lee to Colonel Andrew Talcott, May 5, 1836, Lee Family Papers.

175
. DeButts, 97–98, 101.

176
. Charles Roland,
Reflections on Lee: An Historian’s Assessment
(Mechanicsburg, Pa.: Stackpole Books, 1995), 16.

177
. Colonel Harold Simpson, ed.,
Robert E. Lee by Jefferson Davis and Alexander Stephens
(Hillsboro, Texas: Hill Junior College, 1983), 1.

178
. William Chaney,
Duty Most Sublime: The Life of Robert E. Lee as Told Through the “Carter Letters”
(Baltimore: Gateway Press, 1996), 31–32, 45; Bishop Robert Brown,
“And Once Was A Soldier”: The Spiritual Pilgrimage of Robert E. Lee
(Shippensburg, Pa.: White Maine Books, 1998), 70–71.

179
. Jefferson Davis, Robert E. Lee,
North American Review
150, January 1890, Robert E. Lee to Joseph Totten, January 29, 1855, Superintendent’s letter book, USMA, Thomas, 157.

180
.
Warrenton (Va.) Index
, in Jones, 286–287.

181
. DeButts, 72.

182
. Robert E. Lee to his wife Mary, December 1856, in J. William Jones,
Life and Letters of Robert E. Lee, Soldier and Man
(New York: Neale Publishing, 1906), 374–375.

183
. G. W. P. Custis will, Ms. Records, Alexandria County, Virginia, December 7, 1857, Freeman 1:380.

184
. Lee Diary, April 9, 1858; Thomas,
Robert E. Lee: A Biography
, 175–177.

185
. J. William Jones,
Life and Letters of Robert E. Lee, Soldier and Man
(New York: Neale Publishing, 1906), 90–91.

186
. Robert E. Lee to Mary Lee, December 27, 1856, Lee Family Papers.

187
. Alan Nolan,
Lee Considered: General Robert E. Lee and Civil War History
(Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1991), 24.

188
. Robert Lee Jr.,
Recollections and Letters of General Robert E. Lee
, reprint (Garden City, N.Y.: Garden City Press, 1926), 226–234.

189
. Freeman, 4:401.

190
. Myrta Avery,
Dixie after the War
(New York: Doubleday, 1906), 72.

191
. Robert E. Lee to Mary Lee, ibid.; William Brooks,
Lee of Virginia: A Biography
(Garden City, N.Y.: Garden City Publishing Company, 1932), 62–63.

192
. Fellman,
The Making of Robert E. Lee
, 69.

193
. Lee Jr.,
Lee
, 306.

194
. Robert E. Lee to Mary Lee, April 24, 1832, Lee Family Papers; Thomas 72–73.

195
. Robert E. Lee to Mary Lee, April 20, 1839, DeButts and Ely Papers.

196
. Robert E. Lee to Thomas Carter, May 1865, in Lee,
Recollections and Letters of General Robert E. Lee
, 168.

197
. Robert E. Lee to Rep. Andrew Hunter, January 11, 1865, in Nolan, 175–177.

198
. Robert E. Lee letter, July 8, 1858, Lee Family Papers.

199
. Thomas, 177.

200
. Robert E. Lee to Rooney Lee, May 30, 1858, Lee Family Papers.

201
. Robert E. Lee to Rooney Lee, March 12, 1860, Lee Family Papers.

202
. Mary Lee to W. G. Webster, February 17, 1858, Museum of the Confederacy Library, to Custis Lee, January 17, 1858, Lee Family Papers.

203
. Burke Davis,
Gray Fox: Robert E. Lee and the Civil War
(New York: Rhinehart Co., 1956), 7.

204
. Avery Craven, ed.,
“To Markie”: The Letters of Robert E. Lee to Martha Custis Lee
(Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1933), 58–59.

205
. Robert E. Lee to his son Custis Lee, January 23, 1861, Jones, 136–137.

206
. Robert E. Lee to Custis Lee, January 23, 1861, in Freeman 1:420–421.

207
. Robert E. Lee to Mary Lee, December 27, 1856, Lee Family Papers.

208
. Connelly, 9.

209
. Robert E. Lee to Jack Mackay, June 27, 1838, Lee Family Papers.

210
. Stanley Horn,
The Robert E. Lee Reader
(Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill Company, 1949), 84.

211
. Sanborn, 194.

212
. Robert E. Lee to Custis Lee, July 4, 1860, Lee Family Papers.

213
. Robert E. Lee to Adjutant General Irvin McDowell, Freeman, 386–387.

214
.
Missouri Democrat
, September 30, 1858.

215
. Nichols, 63.

216
. Saul Sigelschiffer,
The American Conscience: The Drama of the Lincoln-Douglas Debates
(New York: Horizon Press, 1973), 81;
Chicago Times
, September 4, 1854;
Illinois Journal
, September 4, 1858.

217
. Klein, 303;
Chicago Press and Tribune
, December 4, 1857.

218
. Robert Johannsen,
Stephen A. Douglas
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1973), 584–588.

219
.
New York Times
, December 3, 1857.

220
. Elbert Smith comments on the Buchanan-Douglas feud, Birkner, 188.

221
. Stephen Douglas to Charles Lamphier, December 6, 1857, Robert Johannsen,
The Letters of Stephen A. Douglas
(Urbana, Ill.: University of Illinois Press, 1961), 405.

222
. Anonymous letter, February 11, 1858, Johannsen,
Letters
, 411–412.

223
. Clark Carr,
Stephen Douglas
(Chicago: A.C. McClurg and Co., 1909), 41–42.

224
.
Louisville Democrat
, November 18, 1858;
New York Evening Post
, August 27, 1858; Carl Schurz,
Reminiscences
, 3 vols. (New York: McClure Co., 1907–08), 2:94
Quincy (Ill.) Herald
, November 4, 1858.

225
. Illinois Journal, October 10, 1854;
Illinois State Register
, June 4, 1857;
Newburyport Herald
, in the
Illinois State Register
, September 28, 1857; Mary Windle,
Life in Washington and Life Here and There
, (Philadelphia, 1859), 65–66.

226
.
New York Herald
, December 11, 1857.

227
. Daniel Morton to Douglas, February 22, 1858, Douglas Papers.

228
. Smith, 84–85.

229
. Buchanan, 84.

230
. Buchanan, 52–53.

231
. Buchanan to Arnold Plumer, February 14, 1858, Buchanan Papers.

232
. Buchanan to George Wharton, October 16, 1858; Buchanan to C. Zarley, July 22, 1858, Buchanan Papers.

233
. Johannsen, 599–604.

234
.
New York Times
, January 30, 1858.

235
. Stephen Douglas to John Forney, February 15, 1858, Douglas to John McClernand, February 21, 1858, Johannsen,
Letters
, 413, 417.

236
. Johanssen, 515.

237
.
Congressional Globe
, 35
^th
Congress, 1
^st
session, 50, 10, 121, 140, Johannsen, 596–597.

238
. Stephen Douglas to Samuel Treat, February 26, 1858, Johannsen,
Letters
, 418.

239
. Johanssen, 620–621.

240
.
Chicago Democrat
, May 10, 1858.

241
. Linder to Douglas, May 15, 1858, Douglas Papers.

242
. Howell Cobb to Alexander Stephens, September 8, 1858, “Correspondence of Toombs, Stephens and Cobb,” American Historical Association,
Annual Report
(1911), II 443.

243
. Henry Wise to James Buchanan, October 12, 1858, Buchanan Papers.

244
.
Dubuque (Iowa) Express
, September 26, 1858.

245
.
Cleveland Plain Dealer
, September 26, 1858.

246
. “St. Louis Republican,” in the
Cleveland Plain Dealer
, September 24, 1858.

247
.
Washington Union
, December 27, 1858.

248
. George Milton,
The Eve of Conflict: Stephen A. Douglas and the Needless War
(Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1934), 279.

249
. Johannsen, 63; Milton, 313–314;
Chicago Times
, July 10, 1858;
Chicago Tribune
, July 10, 12, 1858.

250
. Baker, 3:341.

251
. William Herndon, “Analysis of the Character of Abraham Lincoln,”
Abraham Lincoln Quarterly
, December 1941, 410–411.

252
. Roy Basler,
The Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln
, 8 vols. (New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1953), 2:461–462; Fehrenbacher, 82;
Missouri Republican
, June 24, 1858.

253
. Sigelschiffer, 16.

254
. Edmund Wilson,
Patriotic Gore
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1962), 110.

255
. Abraham Lincoln to Joshua Speed, August 24, 1855, Basler, ed.,
The Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln
, 2:320–323.

256
. Basler, 2:265.

257
. Elwell Crissey,
Lincoln’s Lost Speech
(New York: Hawthorn, 1969), 178; Albert Beveridge
Abraham Lincoln: 1809–1858
(New York: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1928), 2 vols., 2:679; fragment of speech at Galena, Ill., July 23, 1856, Basler, 2:3; fragment of speech sometime in 1858, Basler 2:222.

258
. Lincoln speech in Peoria, Illinois, October 16, 1854, Basler 2:247–248.

259
. Sigelschiffer,
The American Conscience: The Drama of the Lincoln-Douglas Debates
, 211;
Chicago Times
in Paul Angle,
Created Equal? The Complete Lincoln-Douglas Debates of 1858
(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1958), 90.

260
.
Galesburg Democrat
, October 13, 1858.

261
. Harold Holzer, ed.,
The Lincoln-Douglas Debates
(New York: HarperCollins Co., 1993), 2; Angle,
Created Equal? The Complete Lincoln-Douglas Debates of 1858
, xxiv-xxv.

262
. David Zarefsky,
Lincoln, Douglas and Slavery: In the Crucible of Public Debate
(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1990), 28; Richard Steckel, “Migration in Political Conflicts: Precincts in the Midwest on the Eve of the Civil War,”
Journal of Interdisciplinary History
, (Spring 1998), 586.

263
. Burnham, 368; Hansen, 84.

264
.
Cleveland Plain Dealer
, September 24, 1858,
Chicago Daily Democrat
, June 18, 1858.

265
. Hansen, 204; Dwight Teeter Jr. and Jean Folkerts,
Voices of a Nation: A History of Mass Media in the United States
, 3
^rd
ed. (Boston: Allyn and Bacon Co., 1998), 179.

266
. Edwin Sparks, ed.,
The Lincoln Douglas Debates
, vol. 3, in
Lincoln Series
, vol. 1, Collections of the Illinois State Historical Society Library (Springfield: Illinois State Historical Library, 1908), 3:20–24; Abraham Lincoln to W. H. Wells, January 8, 1859, Basler, 3:349; Lincoln to Salmon Chase, April 30, 1859, Basler, 3:378, Donald, 204; Lincoln to Joseph Gillespie, July 25, 1858, Basler, 3:192–193; Don Fehrenbacher,
Prelude to Greatness: Lincoln in the 1850s
(Palo Alto, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1982).