A History of the World (93 page)

1
 Vasily Grossman,
Everything Flows
(Vintage Classics 2011), p. 220.

2
 Steven Pinker,
The Better Angels of Our Nature
(Allen Lane 2011), p. 195.

3
 See T. Hager,
The Alchemy of Air
(Harmony Books 2008), quoted by Andrew Charlton,
Man-Made World
, his essay on the aftermath of the Copenhagen climate change summit, 2010.

4
 Charles Bracelen Flood,
Hitler: The Path to Power
(Hamish Hamilton 1989), p. 589.

5
 Alan Bullock,
Hitler: A Study in Tyranny
(Hamlyn 1952/1973), ch. 3.

6
 Adolf Hitler,
Mein Kampf
, tr. Ralph Manheim (Pimlico 1992), pp. 53–4.

7
 Hitler, op. cit., p. 620.

8
 Ian Kershaw,
Hitler
(1-vol. edition; Penguin 2009), p. 42.

9
 Martin Kemp,
Christ to Coke
(Oxford University Press 2011), p. 74.

10
 Kershaw, op. cit., pp. 127–9.

11
 Bullock, op. cit., ch. 3.

12
 Hitler,
Mein Kampf
, p. 128.

13
 Hitler, op. cit., pp. 596–7.

14
 Timothy Snyder,
Bloodlands: Europe between Hitler and Stalin
(The Bodley Head 2010), p. 19.

15
 Kershaw, op. cit., p. 270.

16
 Madeline Gray,
Margaret Sanger: A Biography of the Champion of Birth Control
(Richard Marek, New York 1979), p. 37.

17
 See Armond Fields,
Katharine Dexter McCormick
(Praeger 2003), ch. 20.

18
 
The Selected Papers of Margaret Sanger
, vol. 3, ed. Esther Katz (Illinois Press 2010), p. 265.

19
 Bernard Absell,
The Pill
(Random House 1995), p. 121.

20
 Robert Jutte,
Contraception: A History
(Polity 2008), p. 210.

21
 Absell, op. cit., p. 169.

22
 Max Hastings,
All Hell Let Loose
(HarperPress 2011), p. 143.

23
 Kershaw, op. cit., p. 656.

24
 Snyder, op. cit., p. 39.

25
 Snyder, op. cit., p. 182.

26
 Hastings, op. cit., p. 150.

27
 Hastings, op. cit., p. xviii.

28
 Kai Bird and Martin J. Sherwin,
American Prometheus: The Triumph and Tragedy of J. Robert Oppenheimer
(Alfred Knopf/Atlantic Books, 2009), pp. 287–9. Much of my account of Oppenheimer is taken from this excellent biography.

29
 Bird and Sherwin, op. cit., pp. 296, 314.

30
 Bird and Sherwin, op. cit., p. 314.

31
 Bird and Sherwin, op. cit., p. 323.

32
 Jad Adams,
Gandhi: Naked Ambition
(Quercus 2011), p. 2.

33
 John Keay,
India: A History
(HarperPress 2000), p. 486.

34
 Adams, op. cit., p. 136.

35
 Adams, op. cit., pp. 220–1.

36
 See Brian Lapping,
End of Empire
(Granada 1985), pp. 24ff.

37
 See Andrew Roberts,
A History of the English-Speaking Peoples Since 1900
(Weidenfeld & Nicolson 2006), p. 12.

38
 Keay,
India: A History
, pp. 450–1.

39
 Keay, op. cit., pp. 475–6.

40
 Adams, op. cit., p. 229.

41
 Richard Dowden,
Africa: Altered States, Ordinary Miracles
(Portobello Books 2008), p. 84.

42
 John Lewis Gaddis,
The Cold War
(Penguin 2011), p. 184.

43
 See Jonathan Fenby,
The Penguin History of Modern China
(2009), p. 92.

44
 See Jung Chang and Jon Halliday,
Mao: The Unknown Story
( Jonathan Cape 2005).

45
 See Jung Chang and Halliday, op. cit., p. 342.

46
 Harrison E. Salisbury,
The New Emperors: China in the Era of Mao and Deng
(Little, Brown 1992), pp. 3–4.

47
 From Roderick MacFarquhar and Michael Schoenhals,
Mao’s Last Revolution
(Harvard University Press 2006).

48
 Richard Evans,
Deng Xiaoping and the Making of Modern China
(Hamish Hamilton 1993).

49
 Jonathan Fenby,
Tiger Head, Snake Tails
(Simon & Schuster 2012), ch. 1.

50
 Fenby,
Tiger Head, Snake Tails
, ch. 1.

51
 Martin Jacques,
When China Rules the World
, 2nd edition (Penguin Books 2012), p. 518.

52
 This section was suggested by, and bears a heavy debt to, one of the BBC researchers and assistant producers for
History of the World
, Chris O’Donnell.

53
 Feng-Hsiung Hsu,
Behind Deep Blue
(Princeton University Press 2002), p. 4.

54
 Feng-Hsiung Hsu, op. cit., pp. ix–x.

55
 Garry Kasparov,
New York Review of Books
, 11 February 2010.

56
 See Daniel Crevier,
AI: The Tumultuous Search for Artificial Intelligence
(Basic Books 1993).

57
 Ray Kurzweil,
The Singularity Is Near
(Duckworth 2009), ch. 1.

58
 Quoted in Nils J. Nilsson,
The Quest for Artificial Intelligence
(Stanford University Press 2010), Web version, p. 647.

59
 James Lovelock,
The Revenge of Gaia
(Penguin Books 2006), p. 3.

60
 J.R. McNeill,
Something New Under the Sun
(W.W. Norton 2000), ch. 2.

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Adams, Jad,
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Allen, Arthur,
Vaccine
(W.W. Norton 2007)

Applebaum, Anne,
Gulag: A History
(Random House 2003)

Appleby, Joyce,
The Relentless Revolution: A History of Capitalism
(W.W. Norton 2011)

Armstrong, Karen,
The First Christian: St Paul’s Impact on Christianity
(Pan Books 1984)

–––
The Great Transformation
(Atlantic Books 2006)

–––
The Bible: The Biography
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Axworthy, Michael,
Iran: Empire of the Mind
(Penguin 2008)

Bagnall, Nigel,
The Punic Wars
(Pimlico 1990)

Bainton, Roland H.,
Here I Stand: A Life of Martin Luther
(Pierce & Smith 1950)

Bartlett, Rosamund,
Tolstoy: A Russian Life
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Beeching, Jack,
The Chinese Opium Wars
(Harvest 1975)

Beevor, Anthony,
Berlin: The Downfall 1945
(Viking 2002)

Benecke, Gerhard,
Society and Politics in Germany, 1500–1750
(Routledge & Kegan Paul 1974)

Bernstein, William J.,
A Splendid Exchange
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Bickers, Robert,
The Scramble for China
(Allen Lane 2011)

Bierbrier, Morris,
The Tomb-Builders of the Pharaohs
(The American University in Cairo Press 1992)

Bird, Kai and Martin J. Sherwin,
American Prometheus – the Triumph and Tragedy of J. Robert Oppenheimer
(Alfred Knopf/Atlantic Books, paperback edition 2009)

Blackburn, Robin,
The American Crucible
(Verso 2011)

Brands, H.W.,
American Colossus
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Buchan, James,
Adam Smith and the Pursuit of Perfect Liberty
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Bullock, Alan,
Hitler: A Study in Tyranny
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Cantor, Norman,
The Sacred Chain: A History of the Jews
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Cartledge, Paul,
The Spartans
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Chami, Felix and Paul Msemwa, ‘A New Look at Culture and Trade on the Azanian Coast’,
Current Anthropology
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Chang, Jung and Jon Halliday,
Mao: The Unknown Story
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Chase, Allan,
Magic Shots
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Chin, Annping,
Confucius: A Life of Thought and Politics
(Yale 2008)

Clark, Christopher,
Iron Kingdom: The Rise and Downfall of Prussia
(Penguin 2006)

Clark, Ronald W.,
Lenin: The Man behind the Mask
(Faber and Faber 1998)

Clements, Jonathan,
The Vikings
(Robinson 2005)

Crevier, Daniel,
AI: The Tumultuous Search for Artificial Intelligence
(Basic Books 1993)

Cunliffe, Barry,
The Ancient Celts
(Oxford University Press 1997)

Dash, Mike,
Tulipomania
(Gollancz 1999)

Davies, J.K.,
Democracy and Classical Greece
(Fontana 1978)

Davies, Norman,
Europe: A History
(Oxford University Press 1996)

Davis, Robert C., ‘Counting Slaves on the Barbary Coast’,
Past and Present
, vol. 172, August 2001

–––
Christian Slaves, Muslim Masters
(Palgrave Macmillan 2003)

Diamond, Jared,
The Third Chimpanzee
(Hutchinson 1991)

–––
Guns, Germs and Steel
(W.W. Norton 1997)

–––
Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Survive
(Penguin 2005)

Dowden, Richard,
Africa: Altered States, Ordinary Miracles
(Portobello Books 2008)

Duggan, Christopher,
The Force of Destiny: A History of Italy since 1796
(Allen Lane 2007)

Dunn, Charles J.,
Everyday Life in Traditional Japan
(Tuttle Publishing 1969)

Evans, Richard,
Deng Xiaoping and the Making of Modern China
(Hamish Hamilton 1993)

Fage, J.D.,
A History of West Africa
(Cambridge University Press 1969)

Fara, Patricia,
Science: A Four-Thousand-Year History
(Oxford University Press 2009)

Farrington, Antony (ed.),
The English Factory in Japan
(British Library 1991)

Fenby, Jonathan,
The Penguin History of Modern China
(2009)

–––
Tiger Head, Snake Tails
(Simon and Schuster 2012)

Fergusson, Niall,
The Cash Nexus: Money and Power in the Modern World
(Allen Lane 2001)

–––
The War of the World
(Penguin 2006)

–––
The Ascent of Money
(Penguin 2008)

Ferling, John,
Independence: The Struggle to Set America Free
(Bloomsbury 2011)

Fields, Armond,
Katharine Dexter McCormick
(Praeger 2003)

Figes, Orlando,
A People’s Tragedy
(Cape 1996)

–––
Natasha’s Dance: A Cultural History of Russia
(Allen Lane 2002)

Flannery, Tim,
Here on Earth
(Text Publishing Company 2010)

Flood, Charles Bracelen,
Hitler: The Path to Power
(Hamish Hamilton 1989)

Fong, Wen (ed.),
The Great Bronze Age of China
(Thames & Hudson 1980)

Forbes, R.J. and E.J. Dijksterhuis,
A History of Science and Technology
(Penguin 1963)

Freeman, Charles,
A New History of Early Christianity
(Yale University Press 2009)

Freeze, Gregory L.,
Russia: A History
(Oxford University Press 1997)

Fussel, Stephan,
Gutenberg and the Impact of Printing
, tr. Douglas Martin (Ashgate 2005)

Gaddis, John Lewis,
The Cold War
(Penguin 2011)

Gandhi, Mohandas,
The Story of My Experiments with Truth
(Penguin 2002)

Gascoigne, Bamber,
The Dynasties of China
(Robinson 2003)

Gatrell, Vic,
The Hanging Tree
(Oxford University Press 1994)

Gay, Peter,
The Enlightenment: An Interpretation
: 2:
The Science of Freedom
(Weidenfeld & Nicolson 1970)

Genovese, Eugene D.,
The Political Economy of Slavery
(New York 1965)

Gere, Cathy,
Knossos and the Prophets of Modernism
(University of Chicago Press 2009)

Gernet, Jacques,
A History of Chinese Civilisation
(Cambridge University Press 1992)

Gershevitch, Ilya (ed.),
The Cambridge History of Iran
, vol. 2 (Cambridge University Press 1985)

Gilmour, David,
The Pursuit of Italy
(Penguin 2011)

Goldgar, Anne,
Tulipmania
(University of Chicago Press 2007)

Goodwin, A.J.H., ‘The Medieval Empire of Ghana’,
South African Archaeological Bulletin
, vol. 12, no. 47

Gordon, Andrew,
A Modern History of Japan
(Oxford University Press 2009)

Gott, Richard,
Britain’s Empire: Resistance, Repression and Revolt
(Verso 2011)

Gray, Madeline,
Margaret Sanger: A Biography of the Champion of Birth Control
(Richard Marek 1979)

Grossman, Vasily,
Everything Flows
(Vintage Classics 2011)

Groves, C.P., ‘The Advantages and Disadvantages of being Domesticated’, in
Perspectives in Human Biology
(1999)

Guha, Ramachandra,
India after Gandhi
(Macmillan 2007)

Hager, Thomas,
The Alchemy of Air
(Harmony Books 2008)

Hall, John Whitney (ed.),
The Cambridge History of Japan
, vol. 4 (Cambridge University Press 1991)

Hanes III, W. Travis and Frank Sanello,
The Opium Wars
(Sourcebooks 2002)

Hastings, Max,
All Hell Let Loose: The World at War 1939–45
(HarperPress 2007)

Heilbron, J.L.,
Galileo
(Oxford University Press 2010)

Henneberg, M., ‘Decrease of Human Skull Size in the Holocene’,
Human Biology
60

Herman, Arthur,
The Scottish Enlightenment
(Fourth Estate 2001)

Herodotus,
The Histories
(Penguin 1954)

Herrin, Judith,
Byzantium
(Allen Lane 2007)

Hill, Christopher,
The Century of Revolution, 1602–1715
(Edinburgh University Press 1961)

Hill, John,
The Peoples of the West
(2004), translation from the
Weilüe
of Yu Huan: see Washington.edu/silkroad/texts

Hitler, Adolf,
Mein Kampf
(Hutchinson 1969)

Hochschild, Adam,
King Leopold’s Ghost
(Macmillan 1999)

Hodder, Ian,
Catalhoyuk: The Leopard’s Tale
(Thames & Hudson 2006)

Holland, Tom,
In the Shadow of the Sword
(Little, Brown 2012)

Holmes, Richard,
The Age of Wonder
(HarperPress 2008)

Hopkins, J.F.P. (ed. and tr.),
Corpus of Early Arabic Sources for West African History
(Cambridge University Press 1981)

Hosking, Geoffrey,
Russia and the Russians
(Allen Lane 2001)

Hsu, Feng-Hsiung,
Behind Deep Blue
(Princeton University Press 2002)

Hughes, Bettany,
Helen of Troy
(Cape 2005)

Humble, Richard,
Marco Polo
(Weidenfeld & Nicolson 1975)

Jacques, Martin,
When China Rules the World
, 2nd edition (Penguin 2012)

James, C.L.R.,
The Black Jacobins
(Vintage Books 1989)

Jardine, Lisa,
Going Dutch
(HarperPress 2008)

Jensen, Lionel M., ‘The Genesis of Kongzi in Ancient Narrative’ in
On Sacred Grounds . . . the Formation of the Cult of Confucius
, ed. Thomas A. Wilson, Harvard East Asian Monographs 217, 2002

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Ancient China’s Technology and Science
(Chinese Academy of Sciences, Foreign Language Press 2009)

Jones, Terry and Alan Ereira,
Barbarians
(BBC Books 2006)

Jutte, Robert,
Contraception: A History
(Polity 2008)

Katz, Esther (ed.),
The Selected Papers of Margaret Sanger
vol. 3 (Illinois Press 2010)

Keay, John,
India Discovered
(HarperCollins 2001)

–––
India: A History
(HarperCollins 2002)

–––
China: A History
(HarperPress 2008)

Keeley, Lawrence H.,
War before Civilization
(Oxford University Press 1990)

Kemp, Martin,
Christ to Coke
(Oxford University Press 2011)

––– and Jane Roberts,
Leonardo da Vinci
(South Bank Publications/Hayward Gallery 1989)

Keneally, Thomas,
Australians: Origins to Eureka
(Allen & Unwin 2010)

Kennedy, Hugh,
The Great Arab Conquests
(Weidenfeld & Nicolson 2007)

Kershaw, Ian,
Hitler 1889–1936: Hubris
(Allen Lane 1998)

–––
Hitler 1936–1945: Nemesis
(Allen Lane 2000)

Kurzweil, Ray,
The Singularity Is Near
(Duckworth 2009)

Landes, David,
The Wealth and Poverty of Nations
(Harvard 1998)

Lane Fox, Robin,
The Classical World
(Allen Lane 2005)

Lapping, Brian,
End of Empire
(Granada 1985)

LeBlanc, Steven A. with Katherine Register,
Constant Battles: Why We Fight
(St Martin’s Griffin/Macmillan 2004)

Leick, Gwendolyn,
Mesopotamia: The Invention of the City
(Penguin 2001)

Levtzion, Nehemia,
Ancient Ghana and Mali
(Holmes & Meier 1980)

Lewis-Smith, David and David Pearce,
Inside the Neolithic Mind
(Thames & Hudson 2005)

Ling, Trevor,
The Buddha
(Temple Smith 1973)

Lord, John,
Capital and Steam Power
(London 1923)

Lovelock, James,
The Revenge of Gaia
(Penguin 2006)

Lyons, Jonathan,
The House of Wisdom
(Bloomsbury 2010)

MacCulloch, Diarmaid,
Reformation
(Allen Lane 2003)

–––
A History of Christianity
(Allen Lane 2009)

MacFarquhar, Roderick and Michael Schoenhals,
Mao’s Last Revolution
(Harvard University Press 2006)

McPherson, James M.,
Drawn with the Sword: Reflections on the American Civil War
(Oxford University Press 1996)

Man, Charles C.,
1493: How the Collision of Europe and the Americas Gave Rise to the Modern World
(Granta 2011)

Man, John,
Genghis Khan: Life, Death, and Resurrection
(Bantam 2004)

–––
The Terracotta Army
(Bantam 2007)

Mansel, Philip,
Constantinople
( John Murray 1995)

Mason, R.H.P. and J.G. Caiger,
A History of Japan
(Tuttle Publishing 1997)

Miles, Richard,
Ancient Worlds: The Search for the Origins of Western Civilisation
(HarperCollins 2010)

Mitgang, Herbert,
Abraham Lincoln: A Press Portrait
(Quadrangle 1971)

Mokyr, Joel,
The Enlightened Economy: Britain and the Industrial Revolution 1700–1850
(Yale University Press 2009)

Mosley, Michael,
The Incas and Their Ancestors: The Archaeology of Peru
(Thames & Hudson 1992)

Neal, Larry,
The Rise of Financial Capitalism
(Cambridge University Press 1990)

Nilsson, Nils J.,
The Quest for Artificial Intelligence
(Stanford University Press 2010)

Norwich, John Julius,
A History of Venice
(Penguin 1983)