A Queer History of the United States (35 page)

26.
Charles Warren Stoddard,
South-Sea Idyls
(San Francisco: Gay Sunshine Press, 1998), 26.
[back]

27.
Ibid., 36.
[back]

28.
Phillip C. Van Buskirk, quoted in B. R. Berg,
An American Seafarer in the Age of Sail: The Erotic Diaries of Philip C. Van Buskirk, 1851–1870
(New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1994), 78.
[back]

29.
Fiedler, “Huck,” 142–51.
[back]

Chapter Four: A Democracy of Death and Art

1.
W. E. B. Du Bois,
Black Reconstruction in America
, quoted in Drew Gilpin Faust,
This Republic of Suffering: Death and the American Civil War
(New York: Knopf, 2008), 48.
[back]

2.
Charley Shively, ed.,
Calamus Lovers: Walt Whitman's Working Class Camerados
(San Francisco: Gay Sunshine Press, 1987), and
Drum Beats: Walt Whitman's Civil War Boy Lovers
(San Francisco: Gay Sunshine Press, 1989).
[back]

3.
Walt Whitman,
Leaves of Grass
(New York: W. E. Chapin, 1867), 30.
[back]

4.
Walt Whitman, quoted in Shively,
Calamus,
58.
[back]

5.
Walt Whitman,
The Complete Poems
(New York: Penguin, 2004), 67.
[back]

6.
Bayard Taylor,
Joseph and His Friend
, quoted in Roger Austen,
Playing the Game: The Homosexual Novel in America
(Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1977), 10.
[back]

7.
DeAnne Blanton and Lauren M. Cook,
They Fought Like Demons: Women Soldiers in the American Civil War
(Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2002).
[back]

8.
Patricia Okker,
Our Sister Editors: Sarah J. Hale and the Tradition of Nineteenth-Century American Women Editors
(Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1995), 8–14.
[back]

9.
Lillian Faderman,
To Believe in Women: What Lesbians Have Done for America—A History
(Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1999), 178.
[back]

10.
Elizabeth Barrett Browning, quoted in Lisa Merrill,
When Romeo Was a Woman: Charlotte Cushman and Her Circle of Female Spectators
(Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1999), 160.
[back]

11.
Charlotte Cushman, quoted in Martha Vicinus,
Intimate Friends: Women Who Loved Women, 1778–1928
(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2004), 434.
[back]

12.
Faye E. Dudden,
Women in the American Theater: Actresses and Audiences, 1790–1870
(New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1994), 99.
[back]

13.
Kate Field, quoted in Joseph Leach,
Bright Particular Star: The Life and Times of Charlotte Cushman
(New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1970), 283.
[back]

14.
Rebecca Primus, quoted in Farah Jasmine Griffin,
Beloved Sisters and Friends: Letters from Rebecca Primus of Royal Oak, Maryland, and Addie Brown of Hartford, Connecticut, 1854–1868
(New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1999), 24.
[back]

15.
Martha Saxton,
Louisa May Alcott: A Modern Biography
(New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1977), 325.
[back]

16.
Susan K. Harris,
The Cultural Work of the Late Nineteenth-Century Hostess: Annie Adams Fields and Mary Gladstone Drew
(New York: Palgrave, 2002).
[back]

17.
Ruth L. Bohen,
Looking into Walt Whitman: American Art, 1850–1920
(University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2006), 136.
[back]

18.
Whitman,
Complete Poems,
73.
[back]

19.
Estelle Jussim,
Slave to Beauty: The Eccentric Life and Controversial Career of F. Holland Day, Photographer, Publisher, Aesthete
(Boston: David R. Godine, 1981), 107.
[back]

20.
Trevor Fairbrother,
John Singer Sargent: The Sensualist
(New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2000), 102–13.
[back]

21.
Karl Heinrich Ulrichs,
Araxes: A Call to Free the Nature of the Urning from Penal Law,
quoted in Hubert Kennedy,
Ulrichs: The Life and Works of Karl Heinrich Ulrichs
(Boston: Alyson Publications, 1988), 175.
[back]

22.
Whitman,
Leaves of Grass
, 125–26.
[back]

23.
Edward Carpenter,
The Intermediate Sex: A Study of Some Transitional Types of Men and Women
(London: Mitchell Kennerly, 1912), 114–15.
[back]

24.
Victoria Woodhull, “The Principles of Social Freedom,” in
The Victoria Woodhull Reader
, ed. Madeline B. Stern (Weston, MA: M & S Press, 1974), 23–24, quoted in Terence Kissack,
Free Comrades: Anarchism and Homosexuality in the United States, 1805–1917
(Oakland, CA: AK Press, 2008), 35.
[back]

25.
Sherrilyn Ifill,
On the Courthouse Lawn: Confronting the Legacy of Lynching in the Twenty-first Century
(Boston: Beacon Press, 2008), xii.
[back]

Chapter Five: A Dangerous Purity

1.
Beryl Satter,
Each Mind a Kingdom: American Women, Sexual Purity, and the New Thought Movement, 1875–1920
(Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999), 112.
[back]

2.
Timothy J. Gilfoyle,
City of Eros: New York City, Prostitution, and the Commercialization of Sex, 1790–1920
(New York: W. W. Norton, 1992), 167.
[back]

3.
Ibid.
[back]

4.
Satter,
Each Mind a Kingdom,
206.
[back]

5.
Anna Rice Powell, “The American Purity Alliance and Its Work,” in
The National Purity Congress: Its Papers, Addresses, Portraits,
ed. Aaron M. Powell (1896; repr., New York: Arno Press, 1976), 132.
[back]

6.
Satter,
Each Mind,
207.
[back]

7.
Gilfoyle,
City of Eros,
106.
[back]

8.
Satter,
Each Mind,
195.
[back]

9.
Mary Harris Jones,
The Speeches and Writings of Mother Jones,
ed. Edward M. Steel (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1988), 290.
[back]

10.
Frances Willard, interview in
New York Voice,
October 23, 1890, quoted in Edward J. Blum,
Reforging the White Republic: Race, Religion, and American Nationalism,
1865–1898
(Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2007), 201.
[back]

11.
Selected Works of Ida B. Wells-Barnett,
ed. Trudier Harris (New York: Oxford University Press, 1991), 201.
[back]

12.
James G. Kiernan, “Responsibility in Sexual Perversions,”
Chicago Medical Recorder
3:185–210, quoted in Jonathan Ned Katz,
Gay/Lesbian Almanac
(New York: Harper and Row, 1983), 231.
[back]

13.
Katz,
Gay American History,
137.
[back]

14.
Benjamin R. Tucker,
State Socialism and Anarchism,
ed. James J. Martin (Colorado Springs: R. Myles, 1972), 21–22, quoted in Kissack,
Free Comrades,
30.
[back]

15.
Kissack,
Free Comrades,
30.
[back]

16.
Emma Goldman, quoted in Kissack,
Free Comrades,
43.
[back]

17.
Margaret S. Marsh,
Anarchist Women, 1870–1920
(Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1981), 94.
[back]

18.
Kissack,
Free Comrades,
32.
[back]

19.
Esther Newton, “The Mythic Mannish Lesbian: Radclyffe Hall and the New Woman,” in
Hidden from History: Reclaiming the Gay and Lesbian Past,
eds. Martin Duberman, Martha Vicinus, and George Chauncey Jr. (New York: New American Library, 1989), 281–92.
[back]

20.
Lillian Faderman,
Odd Girls and Twilight Lovers: A History of Lesbian Life in Twentieth-Century America
(New York: Columbia University Press, 1991), 48–54.
[back]

21.
Charles Gilbert Craddock, “Sexual Crimes,” in
A System of Legal Medicine,
eds. Allan McLane Hamilton and Lawrence Godkin (New York: E. B. Treat, 1894), 2:525–72, quoted in Katz,
Gay/Lesbian Almanac,
257.
[back]

22.
Edward Prime-Stevenson,
Imre: A Memorandum,
ed. James J. Gifford (New York: Broadview Literary Texts, 2003), 83.
[back]

23.
Alexander Berkman,
Prison Memoirs of an Anarchist
(New York: Shocken Books, 1970), 439.
[back]

24.
Earl Lind,
Autobiography of an Androgyne
(New York: Arno Press, 1975), 10.
[back]

25.
Mary Casal,
The Stone Wall: An Autobiography
(Chicago: Eyncourt Press, 1930), 92–93.
[back]

26.
Margaret Sanger,
What Every Girl Should Know
(Springfield, IL: United Sales Company, 1920), 39.
[back]

27.
Ibid.
[back]

28.
Rev. Fulgence Meyer,
Helps to Purity: A Frank, Yet Reverent Introduction on the Intimate Matters of Personal Life for Adolescent Girls
(Cincinnati, OH: St. Francis Bookshop, 1929), 32.
[back]

29.
Joseph Collins, MD,
The Doctor Looks at Love and Life
(New York: George H. Doran, 1926), 67.
[back]

30.
Joseph Collins, quoted in M. E. Melody and Linda M. Peterson,
Teaching America About Sex: Marriage Guides and Sex Manuals from the Late Victorians to Dr. Ruth
(New York: New York University Press, 1999), 78.
[back]

31.
Ibid.
[back]

32.
Ibid.
[back]

33.
John D'Emilio and Estelle B. Freedman,
Intimate Matters: A History of Sexuality in America
(New York: Harper & Row, 1988), 235.
[back]

Chapter Six: Life on the Stage/Life in the City

1.
Washington Irving, quoted in Gilfoyle,
City of Eros,
109.
[back]

2.
Renee M. Sentilles, “Identity, Speculation, and History: Adah Isaacs Menken as a Case Study,”
History and Memory
18, no. 1 (Spring/Summer 2006), 120–51.
[back]

3.
Kristen Pullen,
Actresses and Whores: On Stage and in Society
(Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2005), 95.
[back]

4.
Howard P. Chudacoff,
The Age of the Bachelor: Creating an American Subculture
(Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1999), 51.
[back]

5.
Ibid., 59.
[back]

6.
Paul Groth,
Living Downtown: A History of Residential Hotels in the United States
(Berkeley: CA: University of California Press, 1994), 102.
[back]

7.
Ibid., 62.
[back]

8.
Ibid., 153.
[back]

9.
Julie Abraham,
Metropolitan Lovers: The Homosexuality of Cities
(Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2009), 118.
[back]

10.
Ibid.
[back]

11.
Blanche Wiesen Cook,
Women and Support Networks
(New York: Out and Out Books, 1977), 13.
[back]

12.
Ibid., 20.
[back]

13.
Mabel Hyde Kittredge, quoted in Cook,
Women and Support Networks,
24.
[back]

14.
Alice Lewisohn, quoted in Cook,
Women and Support Networks,
23.
[back]

15.
Kathy Peiss,
Cheap Amusements: Working Women and Leisure in Turn-of-the-Century New York
(Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1986), 88–90.
[back]

16.
Chudacoff,
Age of the
Bachelor,
226.
[back]