American Experiment (283 page)

Samoa,
221

Sandburg, Carl,
547

San Francisco,
99–102
,
250

Chinese in,
100–1

Irish in,
99
,
259–60

Sanger, Margaret,
123
,
275
,
179–80

Sanitary Commission (U.S.),
26–7

San Juan Hill, battle of (1898),
239

Sargent, Fred W.,
548

Sargent, James,
81

Sargent, John Singer,
115

Sarnoff, David,
522–3

Sawyer, John E.,
82

Say, Jean Baptiste,
155

“scalawags,”
62
,
63

Schenk, Charles T.,
504

Schenk, Robert,
200

Schlieffen Plan (World War I),
407

Schneidermann, Rose,
281

schools,
see
education

Schorer, Mark,
535

Schumpeter, Joseph,
90

Schurz, Carl,
47
,
161
,
162
,
207

Schwab, Charles M.,
103

scientific innovation,
see
technology: innovation in

Scopes trial (1925),
517

Scott, Thomas,
215

seapower,
222–3

Sedgwick, Susan and Theodore,
86

seismograph,
108

Selective Service Administration,
427–8

self-made man,
see
rags-to-riches myth

Seligman, E. R. A.,
302

Sellers, William,
79

separation of powers,
51
,
54

and impeachment,
55

see also
checks and balances

servants, domestic,
121
,
139–40

settlement-house movement,
270
,
275–6
,
278
,
280

settlers, in Plains states,
128–9
,
219

Seven Arts, The
(periodical),
314

sewage treatment and disposal,
108
,
253

Sewall, Arthur,
231

Seward, William Henry,
4
,
31
,
51

and Alaska purchase,
220

sewing machine,
108
,
120

sexuality:

liberation in: in Greenwich Village,
307
; in 1920s,
509

of women,
121–4
;

Woodhull on,
125–6

Seymour, Horatio,
59
,
205
,
210

Shafter, Gen. William,
238–9

Shakers,
167

Shannon, Fred,
134–5

sharecroppers,
131–3

Shaw, Anna H.,
442
,
444–5

Sheppard-Towner Act (1921),
534

Sheridan, Gen. Philip,
29
,
35

Sherman, John,
52
,
198
,
199

Sherman, Lawrence,
460

Sherman, Gen. William Tecumseh,
9
,
29
,
34–5
,
70

Sherman Antitrust Act (1890),
216–17
,
332
,
374
,
389

Sherman Silver Purchase Act (1890),
213

repeal of,
226
,
228

Shipping Board (World War 1),
428

ships, naval,
222–3

“Great White Fleet” world tour (1907–08),
344

limitation of numbers of (1921),
493–5

see also
battleships; submarines

Shotwell, James,
449–50
,
453
,
495

Shufeldt, Comm. Robert,
221

silverites, against gold standard,
213
,
230–1

Simpson, “Sockless” Jerry,
185
,
188
,
224
,
228

Sinclair, Upton,
348
,
520

Sioux Indians,
150

Sister Carrie
(Dreiser),
317–19

skyscrapers,
251–2

slaveholders, and freeing of slaves,
39–40
slavery: outlawed by 13th Amendment (1865),
37
,
48
;

wage slavery,
132

see also
Emancipation Proclamation

slaves, arming of (proposed, in Civil War),
29

Sloan, John,
310
,
311
,
313
,
314

Smart Set, The
(periodical),
314–15

Smith, Adam,
154–5
,
258

Smith, Alfred Emanuel (“Al”),
500
,
553

in elections: 1928,
502–3
; 1932,
554

Smith, J. Allen,
299

Smoot-Hawley Act (1930),
499
,
550

Smuts, Robert,
139

Social Darwinism:

businessmen and,
162

Gompers and,
180

popularity of,
159

pragmatism and,
297

Republican party and,
503

Roosevelt (T.) and,
326
,
340–1

Spencerism,
157–8

and workers,
173

socialism,
173–4

divisions within,
398
,
399

political parties of,
396–9

suppression of,
509–10

see also
Marxist theory

Socialist-Labor Party (SLP),
174
,
396

Socialist Party,
396–7

and Depression,
552

1912,
368

1916,
421

1924,
501

Socialist Trade and Labor Alliance,
283

Sorensen, Charles E ,
483

Sorge, Friedrich,
174

South, the:

black education in,
63–4

Democratic party in: dominance of,
67
,
366–7
; and Hayes election (1876),
201–2
; 1920s,
553
; and populists,
187–8

farmers in,
131–6

land distribution in,
64–5

and Reconstruction,
46–8
,
53

state governments in,
62–3

see also
black Americans: in South; Confederate States of America

Southern Pacific Railroad,
97
,
99

Spain:

and Cuba,
219
,
220
,
235–40

war with (1898),
238–40

Spanish landowners, in California,
98–9

“speakeasies,”
531

speculation, financial,
540–1

Spencer, Herbert,
157–8
,
161–2
,
207

sports,
527–31

corruption in,
531

Sprague, Frank,
250–1

Sproat, John,
207

Stampp, Kenneth,
47
,
58
,
62
,
63
,
69

standardization, social:

of suburbs,
252–3

of workers,
258–9
,
480

standardization, technological:

of alternating current,
108

of gauges,
79

metric system,
81

of nuts, bolts, screws,
79

Standard Oil Company (Ohio),
106–7
,
33

foreign sales by,
222

Lenin on,
410

as monopoly,
166

Roosevelt (T.) and,
349–50

Tarbell on,
347–8

Stanford, Leland,
95–6
,
100
,
215
,
216
,
330

Stanley, Henry M.,
221

Stanton, Edwin M.,
3
,
35
,
53
,
56

Stanton, Elizabeth Cady,
122
,
123
,
208
,
442
,
443
,
444

Slarr, Ellen Gates,
270
,
275
,
277

states’ rights, and Reconstruction,
48
,
49
,
51
,
53

Statue of Liberty,
117
,
146
,
152–4

dedication of,
152–3

Stedman, Seymour,
469

Steel, H. Wickham,
452

Steel, Ronald,
395

steel industry:

Carnegie and,
103–4

innovations in,
79–80
,
381

working conditions in,
140–1

Steffens, Lincoln,
265
,
268
,
345
,
347
,
419
,
453

Steichcn, Edward,
310

Steinmetz, Charles,
290

Stevens, Thaddeus,
42
,
52
,
54
,
57

Stieglitz, Alfred,
310–11
,
312

stock market,
540–3

crash of (Oct. 1929),
542–3

Stokes, Rose Pastor,
398

Stokes, Thomas L.,
558

Stone, Lucy,
209

Stowe, Harriet Beecher,
125
,
126
,
217

Strasser, Adolph,
174
,
178–9
,
180

streetcars, electrified,
250–1

strikes:

in Civil War period,
19

by coal miners,
333
,
490

in Depression,
545
,
556

Great Southwest (1886),
182

Haymarket Massacre (1886),
177

at Homestead steel works (1892),
224–6

Pullman (1894),
227

of railroad workers,
95–6
,
175–6
,
490

of silk workers (1913),
323–4

by women,
280–1

Strong, Josiah,
340–1

Strum, Philippa,
391
,
506

submarines,
290

German, in World War I,
415
,
416
,
424
,
428

subtreasury plan for credit and currency,
187
,
188
,
189

suburbs,
252–3

subways,
251

suffrage:

of blacks: black leaders and,
65
; in District of Columbia,
53
; election of 1868 and,
59
; 15th Amendment and,
60–2
; Johnson and,
46
,
55
; Northerners and,
59
,
60
; Reconstruction Act and,
53
; Republicans and,
48
,
55
,
59
: thwarting of,
65–6

restriction of, by class (proposed),
269

of women,
442–7
; and black suffrage,
204
,
208–9
; and 15th Amendment,
61
; and 19th Amendment,
444–7
; People’s Party and,
190
; political priorities and tactics on,
209
,
444
; Roosevelt (T.) and,
444
,
445
; state-by-state movement,
445
; support for, among women,
262
,
280
,
445
,
534
; Wilson and,
376
,
418
,
444
,
445
,
446–7
; Woodhull and,
125

suicide (in Depression),
546

Sullivan, Louis,
252

Sullivan, Mark,
509
,
521

Sumner, Charles,
41–2
,
52
,
60
,
203
,
220

and 14th Amendment,
49–50

and Hooker (I.),
443

and Johnson,
44
,
46
,
47–8

and Reconstruction,
46
,
70

Sumner, William Graham,
158–9
,
207

Sunday, Billy,
505
,
517
,
518

Sundquist. James,
205
,
233

Sun Yat-sen,
401

Supreme Court:

Abrams case,
504–5

appointment of justices to: Chase (S. P.),
54
; by Harding,
488
; by Roosevelt (T.),
331
,
335
; by Taft,
488
; Waite (M. R.),
200
; by Wilson,
418–19

under Chase’s leadership,
54

and Civil Rights Act (1875),
49
,
66
,
203

controversy about (20th century),
488–9

Debs case,
504

and 1st Amendment,
504

and 14th Amendment,
203–4

Gitlow case,
505

and Interstate Commerce Commission,
215

and motion-picture industry,
526

1920s,
488–90
,
504–6

Schenk case,
504

and segregation (racial),
234

under Taft’s leadership,
489–90

Surratt, Mary E.,
56–7

Sutherland, George,
488
,
489

sweater’s shop,
138–9

Swift, Gustavus,
114

Taft, Alphonso B.,
198

Taft, William Howard,
198
,
206
,
300
,
344

character and personality of,
357

as Chief Justice,
488
,
489–90

and election of 1912: campaign,
371–7
passim;
defeat of,
377
; nomination of,
362–3
; and Republican party,
356
,
371