Army of Evil: A History of the SS (67 page)

Bukovina, 310

Bürckel, Josef, 97

Burmeister, Walter, 326–27

business and construction ventures of SS, 114–16, 375

Byelorussia, 124, 194, 304, 310, 323

Canaris, Wilhelm, 77, 107, 112, 141, 399, 400

Catel, Werner, 177–78

Catholicism, 14, 38, 42, 67, 144, 185–86, 388

Celliers, William, 279

Central Office for Ethnic Germans, 237–38

Centrum Party, 83

Cephalonia, 195

chemical weapon testing on humans, 128–29

chivalry/chivalric orders, 4, 66, 124, 126, 127, 207, 413

Churchill, Winston, 242, 275

civil service, German, 10, 13, 113, 151, 224

Claye, Douglas Berneville Webster, 284–86, 287

Combat League (
Kampfbund
), 17, 18, 40

Communism, Soviet, 301, 306, 313, 314

concentration camps, 95, 97–109, 114

anti-opposition terror (1933) and, 82

camp guard force (Death’s Head units)
see
Death’s Head units (camp guard force)

deaths of prisoners, 98, 100–2, 106, 107, 108, 127, 129

Theodor Eicke and, 95, 97–99, 104–5, 106

euthanasia programme and (Operation 14 f 13), 187, 352

Himmler and, 84, 95, 97–98, 100, 114

Inspectorate of, 105, 111, 114, 115, 187, 247, 370

Jewish prisoners at, 100–2, 104–5, 107, 109, 129, 187, 274, 372

last months of war and, 395–96

medical experiments at, 100–4, 128–29, 382

mottos of, 106, 107

numbers detained, 107, 108, 127

prisoners’ possessions and, 116

slave labour and, 100, 106, 108, 115, 116, 277

SS construction and business ventures and, 114, 375

see also
extermination/death camps

Condor Legion, 145, 273

Conen, James, 279

Constituent Assembly, 7, 9

Conti, Leonardo, 181–82

Cooper, Thomas, 260–61, 264, 277, 280, 281, 286, 287

Courlander, Roy, 277, 281

Cracow ghetto, 243, 244

criminals as Waffen-SS recruits, 269–70, 272, 274, 304, 323–24

Croatia, 302, 303, 332, 335

Csestochowa, 243

Cuno, Wilhelm, 17

Cuxhaven, 29

Czechoslovakia, 8, 137, 138, 241, 263n, 327, 334, 354, 390

assassination of Heydrich (May 1942), 148–49

German occupation of, 123, 148–49, 221

Czerniakow, Adam, 228

Dachau concentration camp, 84, 91, 97–105, 106, 107, 157, 370, 371, 395n

D’Alquen, Gunter, 293

Daluege, Kurt, 55, 57, 59, 60–61, 73, 86, 132–33, 134, 149, 412

Order Police and, 133, 149, 225

Damzog, Ernst, 225

Dannecker, Theodor, 158, 385, 386, 389

Dansey, Claude, 147

Danzig Home Guard, 221, 226, 258

Darré, Richard Walther, 61–62, 64, 65, 110, 111, 119–20, 122–23, 128

Dawes Plan (1924), 25, 51

De Laney, Perry Regester, 292–93

Death’s Head units (camp guard force), 116, 180, 200, 201, 270

Danzig Home Guard, 221, 226, 258

Death’s Head Division, 195, 247, 249–51 254, 264, 270, 299, 322, 372, 384

divisions/regiments/battalions, 218, 221, 226, 258, 299, 372

Hitler decree of 17 August 1938 and, 219, 220, 246, 247

recruitment criteria, 202–3

Demelhuber, Karl Maria, 210

Democratic Republic of Germany, 196

Denmark, 265, 267, 301, 387–88

Diels, Dr. Rudolf, 84–85

Dietrich, Josef “Sepp,” 46–48, 92, 198, 205, 212–13, 249, 253

Dirlewanger, Oskar, 270–74, 323

Dittel, Paul, 143–44

Dollfuss, Engelbert, 257, 351

Dönitz, Karl, 407, 408

Dora-Mittelbau concentration camp, 396

Dresden air strike (February 1945), 282

Drexler, Anton, 12

Drönnewitz isolation camp, 282

Dszikow concentration camp, 274

Dubois, Werner, 361

Dulles, Allen, 405

“dum-dum” ammunition, 250

Düsterberg, Theodor, 69, 88

Eberhardt, Major General, 314

Eberl, Dr. Irmfried, 181, 191, 355

Eberstein, Friedrich Karl Freiherr von, 78–79

Ebert, Friedrich, 7

economy, German

Dawes Plan (1924), 25, 51

depression (from 1929), 52–53, 56, 68

ghettoes as cheap labour pool, 244

hyperinflation, 14, 17, 25, 40, 51, 52

Office of the Four-Year Plan, 238, 328, 336, 337

reparations and, 17, 25, 51

WW2 labour shortages, 237, 238, 240

Young Plan (June 1929), 51

see also
slave labour

Eichmann, Adolf, 156–63, 257, 412

Central Office for Jewish Emigration (Vienna), 163, 167, 235

Holocaust and, 144, 192n, 375–76, 384–85, 390–91

Jewish deportation and, 235–36, 237, 239, 241, 384–85, 390–91, 392

“Jewish Question” and, 135, 144, 156, 158, 160–61, 236, 328, 330, 336–37, 363–64

special task group in Hungary and, 390–91, 393

Wannsee Conference and, 328, 330–31, 337

Eicke, Theodor, 91, 95–99, 104–5, 106, 247, 251, 370, 371

killing of Röhm and, 93, 105

Eimann, Kurt, 226–27

Eisenhower, General, 405, 406

Eisner, Kurt, 6, 10

elections

National Assembly (1919), 9

presidential (1932), 68–69

Reichstag

1924 (December), 23, 42

1924 (May), 22–23, 41

1928 (May), 45, 51

1930 (September), 51, 53–54, 56, 59, 68, 88

1932 (July), 69

1932 (November), 70, 71, 82

1933 (March), 80–81, 82–83

electoral system, Weimar Republic, 9–10

Enabling Act (March 1933), 80, 83, 198

Epp, Franz Ritter von, 83

Eppstein, Dr. Paul, 160

Esser, Hermann, 23

eugenics
see
racial policy and eugenics

euthanasia programme, 169, 173–74, 176–82

child victims of, 177–79, 186, 190

concentration camps and (Operation 14 f 13), 187, 352

Hitler and, 4, 175–77, 186, 188, 191–92

impact of First World War and, 172–73, 174

killing centres, 180, 181, 182, 184, 186, 189, 190–91, 340–41, 352, 355

personnel at extermination camps, 191, 340–41, 343–44, 352–53, 354

as precursor of Holocaust, 169, 184, 191–92, 341

SS and, 4, 169, 179–82, 187, 188, 191

“T-4” programme, 178–88, 191, 320, 333, 341, 343, 352, 355

use of poison gas, 180, 181, 182–83, 187, 191, 320–21, 326–27, 341

extermination/death camps

crematoria at, 340, 381, 394, 395

disposal of bodies and, 327, 340, 342, 349–50, 353, 356, 377, 378, 381

Adolf Eichmann and, 384–85

estimated murder figures, 363, 396–97

euthanasia programme personnel at, 191, 340–41, 343, 352–53, 355

first camp (Kulmhof), 325–27, 363

medical experiments at, 382, 383

Operation Reinhard, 4, 321, 325, 327, 338, 340–50, 341n, 353–65, 384

prisoners’ acts of resistance, 357–58, 359, 360–62

prisoners’ gold dental work, 349, 364, 380

prisoners’ hair, 116, 342, 344, 347, 364, 380

prisoners’ possessions and, 343, 346, 347, 350, 354, 355, 364, 381, 395

slave labour forces at, 236, 327, 340, 356, 365, 371, 373–74, 381–82, 383–84

SS attempts to conceal evidence, 363, 378, 394, 395

SS personnel at, 4, 191, 325–27, 340–41, 343–44, 345–49, 353, 355–57, 359–62, 364

Ukrainian guards at, 4, 343, 344, 347, 349, 353, 354, 356, 357, 359, 361, 365

Fahey, Brian, 252

Falkenhorst, General von, 299

Faltlhauser, Dr. Valentin, 189–91

“Farm Policy Apparatus,” 119–20

Federal Republic of Germany, 196

Fegelein, Hermann, 322–23, 324, 406–7

Feiks, SS-Sergeant, 343

First World War, 2, 5–7, 36–37, 47, 174–75, 185, 270–71

brutalisation of society by, 172–73

German defeat, 5, 6–7, 10, 13, 14

Versailles Treaty (1919), 14, 21, 88

Fischer, Dr. Herbert, 225

Flanders, 266, 301, 304

Flossenbürg concentration camp, 107, 115

Foch, Marshal, 5–6

folkish (
völkisch)
groups, 23, 24, 40, 41, 43

Foreign Ministry, German, 52, 143, 152, 276, 288, 289, 301, 385, 388, 399

Jewish Affairs Desk, 240–41

Wannsee Conference and, 328–29, 335, 337

Forster, Albert, 229, 238

Fortune, Victor, 278

France, 241, 248–53, 289, 297, 303, 304, 332, 335

deportation of Jews from, 354, 385–86

occupation of Ruhr area (1923), 17, 25, 53, 369

Vichy France, 292, 385–86

Waffen-SS troops from, 262, 263, 301

Franconia, 155

Frank, Hans, 230, 231, 239, 240

Freeman, Railton, 210, 287, 293

Freeman, Thomas, 281

Freemasonry, 44, 62, 67, 108, 125, 131, 143, 156, 158

Freikorps (Free Corps), 8–9, 24, 27, 29, 31, 37–38, 76, 87, 271, 369

attacks on Munich (1919), 11, 37–38

government disbandment of (1921), 14, 15

SA and, 49, 55

Freisler, Dr. Roland, 328

Frick, Wilhelm, 82, 84, 85, 133

Friedlander, Henry, 187

Fritsch, Field Marshal von, 197, 216, 217–18

Schmidt affair and, 216–17, 218

Fritzsch, Karl, 376

Frontbann
, 23, 25, 29, 55

Frontier Protection Service, 88, 89

Führer Chancellery, 169, 176, 178, 185, 340

Gabcik, Josef, 148–49

Galen, Clemens August Graf von (Bishop Münster), 185–86

Galewski, Bernard, 359

Gandhi, Mohandas, 288

gas chambers

at Auschwitz, 4, 191, 325, 376–80, 394, 395

in death camps, 191, 325, 326–27, 340, 342, 343, 344, 346, 347–50, 354, 355

euthanasia programme and, 181, 183, 187, 191, 326–27

Gelwick, Robert, 256

Genshagen special camp, 276–78

German Army

1940 plans for post-WW2, 267–68

“Aryan Paragraph” extended to (February 1934), 152

combat command of SS-Special Purpose Troops, 200, 218–19, 220, 221–22

elite Storm Troop units, 47

final months of WW2 and, 404

First World War defeat, 5–7, 10, 12–13, 14

invasion of Yugoslavia and Greece (1941), 296–97

militarised units of SS and, 197, 198, 215, 216, 221–22, 223, 246, 254–55, 267

occupation of Czechoslovakia (1938, 1939), 221

Panzer divisions, 248, 249, 297

pledge of support for Ebert’s government (1918), 7

Polish campaign (1939), 195, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225–29, 232–34, 258

political indoctrination courses (1919), 12

recruitment system, 254–55, 264, 266–67

Replacement Army (home command), 400–1, 402, 403, 404

return home (1918), 7, 8, 12

SA and, 49, 55, 88–90

security divisions, 324

social class and, 2

Soviet campaign (from June 1941), 3, 267, 289, 298–302, 306–20, 321–24, 398

“stab in the back” concept and, 13, 53

Stahlhelm
(veterans’ group), 24, 29, 88, 206

universal conscription and, 216

Versailles Treaty restrictions on, 14, 88

war crimes of, 195, 196

western campaign, 240, 242, 248–54, 265

German Communist Party (KPD), 8–9,11, 69, 70, 71, 82, 83

German Earth and Stone Works, 114

German National People’s Party, 69, 83

German Radio Service, 259

German Socialist Party (SPD), 7, 9, 10, 11, 82

German Workers’ Party, 12–13

Germany (to January 1933)

Constituent Assembly, 7, 9

Ebert provisional government (1918–19), 7, 11

First World War defeat, 5, 6–7, 10, 13, 14

political turmoil after First World War, 5, 6, 7–9, 10

seat of government moved to Weimar (1919), 9

see also
Weimar Republic

Gerstein, Kurt, 344–50

Gestapo (
Geheime Staatspolizeiamt
) (Secret State Police Office)

Auschwitz and, 371

“Black Orchestra” and, 145

von Fritsch affair and, 216, 218

Goering and, 84–86

Heydrich and, 86, 90, 131–32, 159, 166, 167

Himmler appointed “Inspector” (April 1934), 86

National Socialist ideology and, 154–55

persecution of Jews and, 154–55, 159, 167, 235, 351–52

purge of SA (June/July 1934) and, 91–92

Red Orchestra espionage ring and, 144

resistance groups in Germany and, 145–47, 399–400, 402

role of, 85, 106, 141, 144, 154–55, 159

RSHA Office IV, 142–43

RSHA Office IV (Section IV B4), 144, 241, 364, 384, 385

SD and, 131–32, 140, 142, 159, 241n

Sipo—Security Police and, 134, 140, 141, 142, 154, 243, 315, 324, 326, 385

special task groups in Soviet Union and, 308

SSPFs and, 232

Gille, Herbert Otto, 213–14, 221

Ginzburg, Pino, 167

Gleiwitz radio station attack (1939), 138n, 139

Globocnik, Odilo, 4, 98n, 321, 338–40, 345, 352, 355, 362n, 365, 378, 389, 411

Glücks, Richard, 115, 412

Goebbels, Josef, 45n, 53, 54, 55, 57, 60, 72, 165–66

Goebbels, Magda, 165

Goerdeler, Kark, 399

Goering, Hermann, 18, 60, 70, 72, 73, 82, 216, 217, 218

auxiliary police units (est. 1933) and, 73, 80

Gestapo and, 84–86

Himmler and, 85–86, 87, 90, 123

“Jewish Question” and, 166, 241, 327, 328–29, 336

resettlement scheme and, 238, 239

Ernst Röhm and, 87, 89, 93

SA and, 16, 87, 89

Wannsee Conference and, 327, 328, 336

Goldhagen, Daniel, 242

Gottberg, Curt von, 120, 123–24

Graebe, Hermann, 318–19

Graf, Ulrich, 16, 26, 29

Graf, Willi, 146

Grafeneck Castle, 180, 183, 186n, 191

Grawitz, Ernst-Robert, 100

Greater German Racial Community (GVG—
Grossdeutsche Volksgemeinschaft
), 22, 23

Greece, 296, 297, 379, 389

Greiser, Arthur, 229, 244

Grevenburg Castle, 126

Groener, General, 7, 70

Gross-Rosen concentration camp, 108, 395n

Groth, Paul, 357

Grothmann, Werner, 408

Gruhn, Erna (Frau von Blomberg), 216, 217