Ashoka: The Search for India's Lost Emperor (62 page)

Ashokarama monastic complex (Kukkutarama, ‘Cock’ monastery),
145
–
6
,
151
,
191
,
194
,
216
,
317
,
393
; last gift to (cherry plum fruit),
195
,
216
,
346
,
394
; Pushyamitra destroys,
196
; Third Buddhist Council at,
147
,
186
,
187
,
216
,
248
,
296
,
326
,
386
–
7
; Yashah as abbot of,
191
,
194
,
197
,
382

Asiatic Society of Bengal,
37
–
8
,
126
,
128
–
9
,
137
,
138
,
224
,
264
,
265
,
268
,
291
; Colebrooke as President,
73
,
74
–
5
; Cunningham on,
285
–
6
; founding of,
29
–
30
; Jones as President,
30
,
41
,
67
–
8
,
70
–
1
,
77
; Mauryan Sohgaura plate and,
315
,
315
,
316
–
17
; membership opened to Indians,
75
; museum of,
87
,
129
,
285
,
318
–
19
; opposition to Anglicisation,
114
–
15
; Prinsep as Secretary,
130
–
2
,
138
,
139
,
141
–
2
,
154
,
159
–
65
; RAS and,
114
; Turnour’s translation
of Great Dynastic Chronicle
and,
141
–
2
; Wilson as Secretary,
74
–
5
,
77
–
8
,
110
–
13
,
119
,
124
,
127
,
128
–
30
,
138
;
see also Journal of the Asiatic
Society of Bengal
(JASB)

Asiatick Researches
,
30
,
42
,
68
,
71
,
127
,
129
,
130
,
137
,
140

Assakenoi and Aspasioi mountain tribes,
48
–
9
,
50
,
53
,
364
,
365

Assaye, battle of (23 September 1803),
72

Athenaios (Greek philosopher),
58
,
61

Auckland, Lord,
183

Aurangzeb, Emperor (died 1707),
19
–
20
,
21
,
22
,
125

Ayodhya,
xiii
,
34
,
253
–
4
,
354

Ayyappa shrine at Sabarimala,
xiii
–
xiv

Babur (Mughal emperor),
xiii
,
74
,
232
–
3

Babylon,
46
,
56
,
57
,
68
,
229
,
250
,
367

Bactria,
57
,
163
,
209
,
230
,
290
; Bessos as satrap,
46
–
7
,
50
,
365
; coinage,
133
,
134
,
163
,
229
,
234
,
262
; Graeco-Bactrians,
62
–
3
,
131
–
2
,
133
,
134
,
163
,
234
,
260
,
262
,
289
,
335
,
396
; Indo-Bactrians,
163
,
234

Badrinath shrine in Garhwal Himal,
xiii

Bagnold, John,
107

Bakhra (Vaishali),
85
,
151
,
215
,
343

Bamiyan (Afghanistan),
131
,
211

Banerjee, R.D.,
332

Banks, Joseph,
25

Basantapala, King of Gaur,
44

Beglar, Joseph,
263
–
4
,
265
,
268
,
291
,
295
,
300
,
302
,
304
; photographs by,
1
,
39
,
227
,
251
,
256
,
271
,
273

Begram (Kapisha),
47
,
211
,
338

Bellew, Dr Henry,
234
–
5

Bengal,
5
,
7
,
21
,
28
,
32
,
44
,
64
,
114
,
218
,
300
,
320
; King Sasanka of,
218
,
254
,
399
; native Indian scholars,
290
–
1
; Renaissance,
73
,
121
; reputation as land of nabobs,
30
; Supreme Court in Calcutta,
25
–
6
,
29
,
30
;
see also
Bihar; Calcutta (now Kolkata)

Bentinck, Lord,
128
,
154

Bessos (satrap of Bactria),
47
,
50
,
365

Bhadrabahu (Jain saint),
84
,
372

Bhagavad Gita
,
19
,
33

Bhandarkar, Dr Ramakrishna Gopal,
285
,
286
–
8
,
287
,
295
,
405

Bharhut stupa,
206
,
271
,
272
,
273
,
274
,
300
,
301
,
336
,
358
,
397
; Alexander Cunningham and,
xvii
,
269
–
78
,
319
,
377
; gateways and railings,
251
,
276
,
277
,
278
,
291
,
362
,
397

Bhau Daji, Dr,
288
–
9

Bhubaneshwar (Hindu holy city),
108
,
109
,
112
,
155
,
156

Bihar,
37
,
38
,
80
,
214
–
15
,
218
,
253
,
291
,
292
–
4
; ancient Nalanda,
xvi
,
1
,
3
–
5
,
81
,
218
–
19
,
254
,
400
; Buchanan’s EICo survey of,
78
–
81
,
292
; discoveries during 1890s,
314
–
22
,
326
–
8
; fortress of,
4
,
80
,
254
; Kittoe’s ‘rambles through’,
224
–
5
;
Muhammad Bakhtiyar’s invasion of,
3
–
5
,
7
; Nepalese surrender of North Bihar (1816),
106
; royal highway of Ashokan pillars,
387; see also
Magadha, kingdom of

Bimbisara, King,
80

Bindusara, King (also Allitrochades or Amitrochates),
61
,
168
,
178
,
196
,
200
,
369
,
372
,
375
; Ajivika sect and,
373
,
374
; birth of,
368
; in Cunningham’s and Kern’s chronology,
296
,
297
; death of,
144
,
189
,
296
,
377
; in the
Great Dynastic Chronicle
,
101
,
143
–
4
,
145
,
368
; in the
Puranas
,
35
,
36
,
68
,
373
; rejection of Ashoka,
188
–
9
,
374

Bird, William,
21

Boden Chair of Sanskrit at Oxford,
129
,
249

Bodhgaya, great temple at (now Mahabodhi Temple),
43
,
78
–
80
,
79
,
163
,
191
,
207
,
216
–
18
,
224
–
5
,
300
–
2
,
302;
Cunningham’s excavations at,
236
,
254
–
5
,
300
–
2
,
301; see also
Bodhi tree: at Bodhgaya

Bodhi tree,
88
,
105
,
240
–
2
,
274
–
5
,
342
,
378
,
391
,
393
,
398
; at Bodhgaya,
79
,
173
,
208
,
216
–
18
,
241
,
254
–
5
,
300
–
1
,
399
; at Bodhgaya, Ashoka’s worship of,
149
,
192
,
217
,
343
–
5
,
375
,
385
–
6
,
387
,
390
; king of Lanka and,
149
–
50
; Queen Tishyarakshita and,
151
,
192
,
217
,
297
,
344
,
390
,
392

Bombay University,
285
–
7

Boria, Cavelli Venkata,
82

Brahman caste,
xv
,
xviii
,
51
,
67
,
209
,
363
,
370
; Ashoka and,
145
,
173
,
179
,
180
,
188
,
193
,
217
,
262
,
352
,
378
,
379
,
384
,
391
; kingship and,
35
,
76
,
307
,
308
;
pandits
,
11
,
28
,
32
–
3
,
34
,
40
–
1
,
82
,
84
,
121
,
126
,
222
,
305

Brahmanism,
xviii
,
92
,
211
–
12
,
234
,
397
,
399
–
400
; aversion to Buddhism,
xiii
,
xiv
–
xv
,
43
,
77
,
195
–
6
,
218
,
359
,
397
; cult of blood sacrifice,
180
,
399
; Maurya dynasty and,
370
,
371
,
372
–
3
,
378
,
379
,
384
–
5
,
391
,
396
;
Vedas
(ancient texts),
11
,
41
–
2
,
76
,
92
,
180
,
399
–
400
;
see also Puranas

Brahmi No. 1 script
(Brahmi Lipi)
,
xviii
,
40
–
1
,
187
,
275
,
299
,
329
,
351
; Kharosthi and,
133
,
229
–
30
,
353
–
4
,
370
–
1
; Prinsep and,
138
–
41
,
153
,
158
–
68
,
169
–
78
,
179
–
80

Brihadratha, King (founder of dynasty),
34

Brihadratha, King (last Mauryan king),
36
,

396
–
7
British Association for Cemeteries in South Asia (BACSA),
29

British Library,
87

British Museum,
19
,
20
,
69
,
93
–
5
,
302

Buchanan, Francis,
42
,
78
–
81
,
254
,
292
,
316

Buddha, Sakyamuni or Gautama: as ‘African conqueror’,
37
,
41
; alms bowl of,
149
,
204
,
208
,
212
; animals as symbols of,
93
,
258
,
334
–
5
; Ashoka’s collecting of relics,
341
–
2
,
346
,
387
; birth of and early years (as Prince Sidhhartha),
207
,
214
–
15
,
312
–
13
,
326
; Bodhgaya as place of Enlightenment,
173
,
207
; body of teachings (Dharma),
xix
,
78
,
165
,
335
,
386
,
387
; cremation ashes of,
208
,
215
; descent from heaven by stairway/ladder,
206
,
206
,
213
,
220
,
255
; in
Great Dynastic Chronicle
,
143
,
144
; ‘Great Final Extinguishing’,
18
–
19
,
43
,
78
,
143
,
168
,
186
,
191
,
207
,
215
,
294
,
296
,
297
; handful of dirt gift from Ashoka,
188
,
208
,
374
; in Hindu texts,
37
; Indian origins of,
42
–
3
,
78
; Jetavana monastery and,
214
,
274
; as ninth avatar of Vishnu,
41
–
2
,
399
–
400
; prophesies on Ashoka,
188
,
190
–
1
; relics of,
149
,
191
,
198
,
204
,
207
–
8
,
328
,
329
,
340
,
341
–
2
,
346
,
387
; resides at Bodhgaya,
80
; sermon to the devas,
253
–
4
; specific references to in Edicts,
222
–
4
;
Tripitaka
or ‘Three Baskets’,
187
; ‘War of the Relics’,
341
,
345
–
6
; Wheel-turning sermon,
207
,
215
,
226