Authors: Ross Laidlaw
Â
1
A ball game involving passing between players.
Nothing is to your interest that forces you to break your promise
Marcus Aurelius,
Meditations
,
c
. 170
Mansio Felix, nr. Arelate, Province of Viennensis, Diocese of the Seven Provinces. The year of the consuls Bassus and Antiochus, Nones III Oct.
1
[Titus paused to remove a hair, caught in the split of his reed pen's nib, then continued.] By the light of a guttering oil-lamp, I'm updating the family archive in the euphemistically named âHappy Inn' â an over-priced fleapit run by the private sector's travel and transport network. This operates in parallel with the Imperial Post, an institution which still creaks along, despite the unsettled times.
Following our little âtalk', I was pretty sure that Bishop Pertinax wouldn't be troubling my father in the immediate future. But I wasn't taking any chances. More than anything, Gaius needed a long spell of rest and care; when I suggested that he might like to meet his grandson sooner rather than later, he readily concurred. Accordingly, I escorted him to the Burgundian village between Basilia and Argentorate Stratisburgum,
2
where Clothilde and Marcus live with her father's family on their farm. Clothilde has become like a daughter to him, and he dotes on little Marcus; he'll need watching, or he'll spoil the boy! I left him arguing happily with father-in-law about the respective merits of Roman wine and German beer; I suspect he secretly rather likes the latter.
From the Burgundian Settlement in Upper Germany, I travelled to Arelate. Unlike the Rhenish provinces ceded to âbarbarians', Provence seems little changed by the invasions;
villas â though now more resembling fortified villages than estates â still exist, the towns seem not un-prosperous, vineyards and olive groves are in good heart. Tomorrow I press on into Aquitania (assuming the Goths permit me), where I intend to seek out Aetius and formally request my discharge from his service. I owe him that at least â although it would be easier (and perhaps safer?) just to abandon my duties in Ravenna, and sneak off without a word.
Trying to master his apprehension, Titus waited outside the command tent at Aetius' field headquarters near Tolosa in the Visigothic Settlement. According to the pair of Roman soldiers on sentry duty outside the tent, the general was in conclave with certain Visigothic chiefs, thrashing out peace terms following the tribe's failed attempt to capture Arelate and expand their territory eastwards.
About two hours later, the nobles filed out, looking chastened and sullen. Titus was astonished at their appearance. Unlike the Burgundians, who clung to Teutonic fashions such as long hair and trousers, these men were totally Roman in their dress, with short hair, and shaved faces. Only their great stature and blond colouring betrayed the fact that they were Germans.
After being announced, Titus was told to enter the tent. This proved to be in two parts: a front area hung with maps â clearly a planning and briefing âroom' â and a curtained-off section at the rear.
âCome,' said a familiar voice from within. Titus pulled aside the curtain and entered what was clearly the general's private office. Seated at a desk littered with scrolls and writing paraphernalia, Aetius looked, Titus thought, untypically drawn and strained.
âTiresome fellows at times, these Visigoths,' Aetius observed. âThey were given Aquitania â the best land in Gaul â for their own homeland by Constantius twenty-one years ago, so you'd think they'd be satisfied, wouldn't you? But no, they get greedy from time to time, and have to be slapped down. Still, their King Theoderic and I get on well enough â or perhaps I should say we share a working misunderstanding; provided he knows I'm keeping an eye on him, he keeps them in line. Most of the time, that is. Well, Titus Valerius, what brings you here? A palace
revolution in Ravenna? Valentinian wanting to cut loose from mother's apron-strings? He must be, what, all of twelve by now?'
There was no point in beating about the bush. Swallowing nervously, Titus announced, âSir, I wish to be discharged from your service.'
Aetius regarded him quizzically for a few seconds. âOh you do, do you? And what's brought this on, may I ask? Let me guess â something to do with rumours you've been hearing about myself and Boniface. Right?'
âAll you have to do is deny them, sir. Then I'd be more than happy to withdraw my request.'
âHow very generous. There's just one little fact that appears to have escaped your notice, Rufinus. You were under orders to stay in Ravenna and prepare a report. I don't recall releasing you from your duties. Technically, that makes you guilty of desertion â assuming there's a
status belli
between myself and the imperial government. I can assure you Placidia thinks there is. I could have you arrested. To quote Marcus Aurelius, “It never pays to break faith.” He should have added, “with someone more powerful than yourself.”'
âBut given my suspicions, sir,' Titus protested, âdon't you think I am justifiedâ'
âOh, spare me the rest,' Aetius snapped. âHonour . . . betrayal . . . the cause of Rome . . . et cetera, et cetera. Brutus would have been proud of you.'
âSuch things are hardly unimportant, sir, Titus cried, nettled. âLook what you've achieved yourself in Gaul: containing the Franks in Lower Germany, and persuading them to become Rome's loyal allies; forcing the Visigoths to keep within their bounds; cementing peace with the Burgundians. Why treat Boniface as an enemy, sir? Together, you could have made Rome strong again, like Claudius “Gothicus” and Aurelian, or Diocletian and Constantine.'
âYou've missed your vocation, Rufinus,' said Aetius drily. âYou should have been an orator. I'll tell you what is important. Survival. You don't honestly think that what I'm doing in Gaul is for the glory of Rome, do you? If so, you're an even bigger fool than I imagined. It's a dog-eat-dog world at the top, and only the strong last the pace. Like Julius Caesar before me, I'm building up a power-base in Gaul, as a safeguard against my political enemies
â no need to spell out who they are.' Aetius scribbled something on a scrap of parchment, and handed it to Titus. âHere's your discharge. I haven't forgotten that you saved my life once; I reckon this evens the score.' He studied Titus appraisingly. âYou should have stuck with me, you know. You're still young â twenty-six, twenty-seven, is it? I could have made something of you, but on your own you'll never amount to anything. I see you dying â for Rome, of course â in a squalid little skirmish against the barbarians, in some God-forgotten corner of the empire. Well, as you can see' â he waved at the clutter on his desk, then bent over a document â âI've a peace to negotiate. Close the curtain on your way out.'
Seething with resentment at the manner of his dismissal, Titus yanked the curtain to, with a jerk that almost tore it from its rings. For just a moment, when Aetius had given him his diploma, Titus had thought he glimpsed a crack in the persona of weary cynicism, a shadow of regret behind the general's eyes. Obviously, he had been wrong.
As he marched to the tent's entrance-flap, his eye was caught by a codex lying amid a jumble of papyri on a table. It was beautiful, its visible cover, of ivory, exquisitely carved to represent a mythological scene. On a sudden impulse, Titus picked it up and opened it. The waxed boards were blank save for a brief and enigmatic inscription on the first. It read: âHis Philippi â the fifth milestone from A.'
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1
5 October 431.
2
Basle and Strasbourg.
Set up in the reign of the Emperor Flavius Valerius Constantinus; five miles from Ariminum
Inscription (conjectural) on the fifth milestone from Rimini, on the Aemilian Way
Titus rode across Ariminum's five-spanned bridge of white marble, past the triumphal arch erected by Augustus to mark the junction of the Via Flaminia and the Via Aemilia, and headed north-west up the latter.
Southwards, the Via Flaminia hugged the coast for twenty miles, before turning inland bound for Rome. This was Italia proper: parcelled neatly into farms and villas, studded with little towns, overshadowed by the Apennini Mountains. Northwards, bounded on the south by the Aemilian Way, stretched the vast alluvial wetlands of the Po basin, the old province of Cisalpine Gaul, which still in some ways felt unlike Italia, almost foreign.
Solving the cryptic inscription in Aetius' codex hadn't been difficult. âHis Philippi' could surely only refer to a decisive contest between Aetius and his arch-rival Boniface; that historic field had witnessed Mark Antony and Octavian smash the forces of Brutus and Cassius. âThe fifth milestone from A'? âA', while theoretically applicable to any of a thousand places, probably referred, Titus decided, to somewhere not far from Boniface's headquarters in Ravenna. Titus reasoned that Boniface, having taken a mauling mentally as well as militarily in Africa, would instinctively want to remain close to his base, like a hurt animal. Aetius would realize that, and intend to bring the battle to his rival, in such a way as to secure an advantage for himself.
Working on this theory, âA' could mean (moving north to south in an arc round the head of the Adriatic) any one of the following: Aquileia, Altinum, Ateste, Ariminum, Ancona. Titus conjectured that Ariminum,
1
being nearest to Ravenna, was the most likely.
He had already examined the terrain around the fifth milestone from Ariminum on both the Popilian Way â the coast road from Ariminum to Aquileia â and the Flaminian Way. On the former, he had found himself in a bleak wilderness of salt-marshes, dunes, and lagoons â a most unsuitable venue for a battlefield. On the latter these features were replaced by terraced cultivation â again, hardly ideal for the deployment of forces. âThe fifth milestone', on whichever road it was, must be in an area which guaranteed Aetius tactical superiority, and to which Boniface must be persuaded to bring his men. The only other road out of Ariminum was the Aemilian Way, so that must be the best option. Autumn was now well advanced. Winter rains and freezing Alpine winds meant that Aetius would not be engineering a confrontation before spring at the earliest, which gave both sides a breathing-space in which to make preparations. Though Boniface didn't know it yet, his preparations could well be shaped by information stemming from Titus' investigations.
Walking his horse along the soft verge of the arrow-straight Aemilian Way, Titus reached the fifth milestone in a little over an hour. A cylindrical column of limestone on a square base, it bore the inscription â
IMP. CAES. FLAV. VAL. CONSTANTINO: AB ARIMINO M. P. V
.
'
He consulted his road-table, a chart showing sections of the Way in âribbon' style, and noted the salient features of the surrounding landscape. A small stream, the Uso, flowed through a culvert beneath the road. (The next crossing â of the famous Rubicon, â lay a mile or so ahead.) To the north of the road stretched a vast expanse of reedbeds. Beside the corresponding area on his chart appeared the word â
cuniculi
': drainage channels. To the south, the terrain was unreclaimed marshland. The road was virtually a causeway over a swamp.
Depression swept over the young man. Despite its proximity to the Rubicon (whose weight of historical association might be calculated to attract Boniface), of the three possibilities this looked the least promising. In fact, from a tactical point of view, none of the sites made any sense at all â prompting the suspicion that âA' must represent somewhere other than Ariminum. Rain began to fall, adding to Titus' gloom. Within seconds it was sheeting down, soaking through the thick wool of his cloak, bouncing off the road, gushing into the side-ditches. As he turned his horse's
head for the return journey, Titus became aware of a loud gurgling: rainwater rushing through those drainage channels. Realization burst upon him. His hunch had played off: this was indeed the spot selected by Aetius for Boniface to meet his Philippi.
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1
Rimini
The everlasting hills do not change like the faces of men
Tacitus,
Annals
,
c
. 110
When Titus appeared at the west gate of Ravenna's imperial palace and requested an interview with Boniface, he was met with a polite but firm refusal. âSorry sir,' replied one of the guards. âWe're under orders not to admit you.'
âBut it's of vital importance I see the Count,' insisted Titus. âThe only reason I'm debarred is because I used to work for Flavius Aetius. I've now left his service.' He produced the parchment Aetius had given him. âLook, here's my certificate of discharge, signed by him. Just show it to someone in authority, and repeat what I've told you. I don't mind waiting.' With feigned absent-mindedness, he began playing with a
tremissis
, a small gold coin worth a third of a
solidus
, part of the diminishing funds he had saved from his pay while serving Aetius.
âSee what I can do, sir,' said the guard, palming the coin with a conspiratorial wink. He summoned a temporary replacement from the guardroom, and set off through the gardens for the main buildings. Half an hour later he re-appeared, accompanied by an official. âYou're to go with him, sir.'
Titus followed the man through the gardens, along a wide passage between the four central blocks, then down a long peristyle and through a portico into the imperial apartments â they were familiar from that long-ago encounter with the Empress and her son. The official opened a door and ushered Titus into a hallway, empty save for two burly Nubians wearing slaves' short, sleeveless tunics. The click of a key turning in the lock behind him, told Titus he had walked into a trap.