B004R9Q09U EBOK (42 page)

D

Dark Ages

Carolingian Renaissance,
93
–
94

illuminated manuscripts,
80
–
86

and innovation,
79
,
81

Islamic libraries,
95
–
98

and literacy,
78
–
79
,
92
–
93

monastic libraries,
91
–
95

oral traditions and culture,
78
–
79
,
92
,
96
–
97
,
102
,
105
,
231

Darwin, Charles,
5
,
27

Dawkins, Richard,
12

de Carrara, Giovanni,
126

de Chardin, Teilhard,
2

de Hamel, Christopher,
84

de Landa, Diego,
57

de Montaigne, Michel,
127

de Rohan, Jean,
113

Declaration of Independence,
117
,
161

Demetrius,
72

Democracy,
7

Deneubourg, Jean-Louis,
14
–
15

Dennett, Daniel C.,
78

Derrida, Jacques,
221
,
223

Dewey Decimal System,
136
,
173
–
178
,
180
,
186
,
187
,
245
–
246
,
257
n.9

Dewey, Melvil,
52
,
136
,
173
–
175
,
186
,
257
n.9

Diderot, Denis,
136
,
147
–
151
,
169
,
186

Difference Engine,
194

Differential Analyzer,
194

Digerati,
1

Digital culture,
4
,
230
–
238

Digital revolution.

See also
Computers;

Hypertext;

Information technology

dark side of,
3

documentalist movement,
180
–
181

Engelbart’s demo,
206
–
208

and libraries,
177

mystical beliefs about,
1
–
3

social, cultural, and political transformations,
6
–
7
,
183
–
184
,
230
–
238

Distributed information systems,
144

Divination,
35

“Document nation,”
109
,
151

Documentalist movement,
180
–
181

Donald, Merlin,
62
,
63
,
64

Donne, John,
230

Dot-com boom,
1

Dream Machines
,
211
–
212
,
214
–
215

Druidism,
80

Duguid, Paul,
234
,
235

Dunlap, Leslie W.,
73

Durkheim, Emile,
33
–
35
,
36
,
37
,
38
,
260
n.6

E

E-mail,
220
,
224

Eco, Umberto,
vi

Educational institutions and curriculum,
51
,
53
,
105
,
173
.

See also
Public education

Egyptians,
56
,
70
–
75
,
128
,
129

Eisenstein, Elizabeth,
118

Elizabeth I,
132
,
145

Encyclopedias

Bacon’s influence,
136
,
148

Camillo’s Theater of Memory,
122
–
124
,
141

Diderot’s
Encyclopédie
,
148
–
151

folk knowledge,
148
–
151

Gunaikeion
,
144
–
147

and political upheavals,
148
–
151

preliterate equivalent,
46

structure,
144

Wikipedia project,
150
–
151

Wilkins’s universal categories,
137
–
141
,
239
–
241

Endeca,
179

Engelbart, Doug,
185
,
205
–
208
,
209
,
210
,
216
,
218
,
237

Enquire,
225

Epigenetic rules,
20
–
21
,
25
,
28
,
29
,
43
–
44
,
52
,
59
,
65
,
68
,
155
–
156
,
180

Erasmus, Desiderius,
115
,
119
,
122
,
127
,
132

Ethernet protocol,
207
,
216

Etymologies
,
103

Euclid,
71

Eukaryotes,
11

Euripides,
66
,
72

Evolution, biological.

See also
Natural selection

gene-culture coevolution,
19
–
21
,
28
,
32

and hierarchical thinking,
22
–
28
,
30
–
31

and information management,
9
–
10
,
12
,
24
–
25
,
28
,
183

meme exchanges and,
13
,
14
,
16

social cooperation and,
11
–
12
,
43
–
44

and symbolic expression,
18
–
19
,
43
–
44

F

Facets, theory of,
179

Fagan, Louis,
167

Family and kinship relationships,
18
,
33
,
34
–
35
,
37
,
59
,
156
–
157
.

See also
Genealogies

Febvre, Lucien Paul Victor,
114
,
115

Federal Bureau of Investigation,
197

File Retrieving and Editing SyStem (FRESS),
218
–
219
,
220

Flamenco,
179

Flatland
(Abbott),
3

Fludd, Robert,
131

Folksonomy,
234
,
269
n.7

Free University,
189

Freemasons,
131

French Revolution,
150
,
151

Fuller, Thomas,
127

Fulwood, William,
128

G

Galen,
97

Garfield, Eugene,
203
,
204

Genealogies,
34
–
35
,
37
,
55

Geomancy,
35

George III,
150

Gesner, Conrad,
154

Gibbon, Edward,
97
,
264
n.9

Gilgamesh,
55

Gillies, James,
209
,
218

Global village, theory of,
2

Gnostics,
130
,
262
n.16

Goldberg, Emanuel,
196

Google,
191
,
204

Gopher system,
224

Goths,
78

Gould, Stephen Jay,
10
–
11
,
23

Government bureaucracies,
51
,
109
,
197
,
234

Graphical user interface,
205
,
216

Grassé, Pierre-Paul,
14

Gratoroli, Guigliemo,
126

Greeks, ancient

Christian community,
100

Epicurianism,
76
–
77

influence on other cultures,
69
–
70
,
76
–
77
,
105

libraries,
55
,
57
–
58
,
64
,
66
,
76

literate culture,
58
,
61
–
64
,
66
,
97

Mycenaean Age,
58

mythology,
59
–
61
,
62
–
64

oral traditions,
58
,
59
,
61
,
64
,
67

taxonomies,
66
–
68

Greenspan, Stanley,
17
–
18
,
35

Groupware,
206

Gunaikeion
,
144
–
147

Gutenberg, Johannes,
86
,
99
,
184
,
229

H

Hamlet
,
122

Harvard University,
208

Hawkins, Jeff,
7

Hermetic man,
127

Hesiod,
59
,
60
,
61
,
62
,
66

Hewlett-Packard,
15

Heywood, Thomas,
144
–
147

Hibernia.
See
Ireland

Hierarchical thinking

evolution and,
22
–
28
,
30
–
31

folk taxonomies,
22
–
28
,
29

gradation capacity,
30
–
31

human–computer interactions,
29
–
30

printed books and,
223

prototype theory,
30
–
31

social networks and,
29
,
42
–
43

Hierarchies.

See also
Library catalogs and classification systems;

Taxonomies

Aristotle’s Great Chain of Being,
69
–
70
,
136
,
156

defined,
7

institutional and political,
56
–
57
,
65
,
109
,
117

natural selection and,
11

of needs,
45

networks and,
6
–
9
,
7
,
11
–
12
,
29
,
42
–
43
,
50
,
65
,
206
,
215

process,
206

self-directed biological,
12

Hillis, Danny,
1

Hippocrates,
97

Hittites,
51
,
52

Hobart, Michael E.,
34
,
79

Homer,
61
,
66
,
88

Horace,
75
,
93

Hugo, Victor,
99

Human–computer interfaces,
29
–
30
,
205
–
208

Human–machine symbiosis,
194
,
202
,
203

Humanism,
127
,
132
,
210
,
215

Hyperbooks,
212
–
213

Hyperlinks,
201
–
201
,
212
,
222
–
223
,
225

Hypertext,
84
,
121
,
144
,
147
,
185
,
201
,
208
–
209
,
210
,
212
,
214
,
217
,
219
–
222
,
228

Hypertext
(Landow),
221

Hypertext Editing System (HES),
217
–
218
,
220

Hyper/Text/Theory
(Landow),
221