Brontës (209 page)

5.
CB to EN, 11 Jan 1848: MS p.3, Law, photograph in MCP [
LCB
, ii, 8]; John Greenwood, Diary: MS in private hands, photocopy of relevant page in MSS Copy Docs, BPM [Albert H. Preston, ‘John Greenwood and the Brontës',
BST
:12:61:37–8].

6.
CB to EN, 11 Jan 1848: MS p.3, Law, photograph in MCP [
LCB
, ii, 8]; ECG,
Life
, 227, 525.

7.
PB, annotations in his copy of Graham,
Modern Domestic Medicine
: HAOBP:bb210 pp.392–3, BPM; CB to EN, 11 Jan 1848: MS p.3, Law, photograph in MCP [
LCB
, ii, 8].

8.
HG
, 30 Oct 1847 p.5; Burials, Haworth (29 Oct 1847). Patrick's taking the service was unusual as Nicholls took virtually all the duties at this time; as a suicide, Charnock could have been refused church burial.

9.
ECG,
Life
, 263; CB to Smith, Elder & Co., 1 Dec 1847: MS SG 11 p.1, BPM [
LCB
, i, 568].

10.
ECG to Catherine Winkworth, [25 Aug 1850] [C&P, 126].

11.
Ibid, 126. ECG,
Life
, 263–4 embroidered her original account, making Patrick say ‘My dear! you've never thought of the expense it will be! It will be almost sure to be a loss, for how can you get a book sold? No one knows you or your name' and having him describe the book as ‘much better than likely'. Though Gaskell assumes only the girls were told, it is possible Patrick told Branwell too.

12.
CB to WSW, 4Jan 1848: MS HM 26008, Huntington [
LCB
, ii, 3–4].

13.
Ibid., [
LCB
, ii, 4]. Mary and Phoebe Crowther were nos. 230 and 244 in CDSAR. Thomas Crowther's ‘disparaging remarks' were made to Nicholls: ABN in
HG
, 18 July 1857 p.3 (referring to ‘Mrs Baldwin's own father'). Crowther was 54 in 1848: see his memorial tablet in Church of St John the Baptist in the Wilderness, Cragg Vale. Thomas Plummer, the only other likely candidate for the ‘elderly clergyman' had died several years earlier:
LI
, 7 Dec 1839 p.5. I am grateful to Margaret Smith for this reference.

14.
CB to WSW, 14 Dec 1847: MS pp.1–2, Princeton [
LCB
, i, 574].

15.
CB to G.H. Lewes, 6 Nov 1847: MS Add 39763 pp.1–4, BL [
LCB
, i, 559].

16.
CB to G.H. Lewes, 12 Jan 1848: MS Add 39763 pp.1–3, BL [
LCB
, ii, 9–10].

17.
Ibid., p.4[
LCB
, ii, 10].

18.
CB to WSW, 28 Jan 1848: MS p.3, Berg [
LCB
, ii, 23].

19.
CB to WSW, 14 Dec 1847: MS pp.2–3, Princeton [
LCB
, i, 574]. Charlotte did embark on recasting the work: see CB, draft preface to
The Professor
, [Nov–Dec 1847]: MS Bon 109, BPM [CB,
Jane Eyre
, Clarendon Edn, 295–6].

20.
CB, [John Henry], n.d.: MS at Princeton [CB,
Shirley
, Clarendon Edn, 805–35].

21.
CB to WSW, 5 Feb 1848: MS Gr. F1 p.1, BPM [
LCB
, ii, 25]. Charlotte was right:
Jane Eyre, or The Secret of Thornfield Manor
by John Courtenay, took liberties with the novel, introducing a cast of comic servants led by Betty Bunce, who reveals that the pupils have been sent to school to be ‘thumped, bumped and con-sumptionized'; Patsy Stoneman,
Jane Eyre on Stage, 1848–1898: An Illustrated Edition with Contextual Notes
Aldershot, 2007), 17–63. A second adaptation, written by an English-born actor John Brougham, was staged in New York in 1849: ibid., 65–108.

22.
CB to WSW, 15 Feb 1848: MS E9.4 pp.2–3, Boston [
LCB
, ii, 27]. Charlotte could not prevent the translation but was advised by Williams not to give it her formal sanction: CB to WSW, 28 Feb 1848: MS p.1, Harvard [
LCB
, ii, 35]; CB to GS, 17 Feb 1848: MS SG 13 p.1, BPM [
LCB
, ii, 28].

23.
CB to WSW, 21 Dec 1847: MS p.1, Pforzheimer [
LCB
, i, 580].

24.
CB to WSW, 13 Jan 1848: MS E.2008.6 p.2, BPM [
LCB
, ii, 12]; CB to EN, 12 June 1850: MS HM 24471 pp.3–4, Huntington [
LCB
, ii, 414]. Charlotte sent Kavanagh a copy of the second edition of
Jane Eyre
, knowing she had found the book ‘suggestive' and saying ‘I know that suggestive books are valuable to authors': CB to WSW, 22 Jan 1848: MS p.1, Law, photograph in MCP [
LCB
, ii, 16].

25.
CB to R.H. Horne, 15 Dec 1847: MS p.1, Princeton [
LCB
, i, 577–8]; CB to WSW, 21 Dec 1847: MS p.1, Pforzheimer [
LCB
, i, 580]; CB to Smith, Elder & Co., 25 Dec 1847: MS SG 12 pp.1–2, BPM [
LCB
, i, 586], where Charlotte punningly remarked that she found the contents as attractive as the cover: ‘the Honey is quite as choice as the Jar is elegant'.

26.
CB to WSW, 21 Dec 1847: MS p.1, Pforzheimer [
LCB
, i, 580].

27.
CB to WSW, 5Feb 1848: MS Gr. F1 p.3, BPM [
LCB
, ii, 25]; CB to GS, 17 Feb 1848: MS SG 13 p.1, BPM [
LCB
, ii, 29]. See also above, p.629–30 for Newby's letter to Emily about her second novel; Newby published
Anne's second novel,
The Tenant of Wildfell Hall
, in July 1848: see below, p.657.

28.
CB to Amelia Ringrose, 24 Dec [1847]: MS p.3, Brotherton [
LCB
, i, 585]; CB to EN, 28 Jan 1848: MS p.1, Berg [
LCB
, ii, 20].

29.
Ibid. See also CB to EN, [24 Dec 1847]: MS in Fales [
LCB
, i, 583–423]; CB to EN, 11 Jan 1848: MS in Law, photograph in MCP [
LCB
, ii, 8]. By the end of February Charlotte was worried that Ellen was offended at her lack of contact: CB to EN, 26 Feb 1848: MS HM 24457 p.1, Huntington [
LCB
, ii, 33].

30.
CB to EN, 28 Jan 1848: MS p.3, Berg [
LCB
, ii, 21].

31.
PBB to JBL, [?17 June 1848]: Ms p.1, Brotherton [
LCB
, ii, 76–7].

32.
ECG to unidentified, [Sept 1853] [C&P, 249]; CB to WSW, 11 Mar 1848: MS pp.1–3, Harvard [
LCB
, ii, 40–1].

33.
CB, Note to the third Edition of
Jane Eyre
, 13 Apr 1848 [CB,
Jane Eyre
, 6].

34.
CB to EN, 28 Apr 1848: MS Bon 201 p.1, BPM [
LCB
, ii, 56]; CB to EN, [3May 1848]: MS n.l. [
LCB
, ii, 62].

35.
MT to CB, June–24 July 1848: MS pp.1–2, PM [
LCB
, ii, 87–8]. The manuscript of this letter, the second part of which is in the Berg, is postmarked in Wellington on 24 July 1848 and in Keighley on 14 December 1848, from which information (confirmed by postmarks on other letters) I have concluded that the letters took six months to travel to and from New Zealand.

36.
Unless Charlotte was trying to hide Mary's responses to her own confidences, Mary also had her secrets from Ellen: Charlotte told Ellen that she had had an almost identical letter from Mary but she could not send it on because it contained ‘an allusion or two to points on which she enjoins secrecy but which concern herself alone': CB to EN, 5 June 1847: MS HM 24453 p.2, Huntington [
LCB
, i, 528–9].

37.
CB to WSW, 25 Feb 1848: MS E.9.4 pp.1–2, Boston [
LCB
, ii, 29–30]; CB to WSW, 28 Feb 1848: MS pp.3–4, Harvard [
LCB
, ii, 35].

38.
CB to MW, 31 Mar 1848: MS FM 4 pp.2–4, Fitzwilliam [
LCB
, ii, 48].

39.
HG
, 1 Apr 1848 pp.4–5;
BO
, 13 Apr 1848 p.8;
HG
, 3June 1848 p.3; 13 May 1848 p.5.

40.
CB to WSW, 20 Apr 1848: MS Ashley 166 pp.1–2, BL [
LCB
, ii, 51].

41.
ECG,
Life
, 314. It is possible, of course, that Charlotte abandoned the attempt, begun in the characterization of William Farren, after reading Gaskell's
Mary Barton
.

42.
CB to WSW, 12 May 1848: MS Gr. F3 p.5, BPM [
LCB
, ii, 66].

43.
CB to WSW, 15 June 1848: MS Egerton 2829 pp.14, 15 [
LCB
, ii, 72–3].

44.
MT to CB, June–24 July 1848: MS p.1, PM [
LCB
, ii, 87].

45.
CB to WSW, 22 June 1848: MS Bon 203 p.7, BPM [
LCB
, ii, 79]. Newby advertised that
The Tenant of Wildfell Hall
would be published on 27 June and the book appears in lists of new publications on Saturday 1July 1848: AB,
The Tenant of Wildfell Hall
, Clarendon Edn, xix; CB to MT, 4Sept 1848: MS E.L. f.B91 pp.2–3, Rylands [
LCB
, ii, 112].

46.
Ibid., p.2 [
LCB
, ii, 111]. This hardly tallies with Smith's later recollection that his letter said ‘we should be glad to be in a position to contradict the statement, adding at the same time we were quite sure Mr Newby's assertion was untrue': Smith,
A Memoir
, 89.

47.
CB to MT, 4Sept 1848: MS E.L. f.B91 p.3, Rylands [
LCB
, ii, 112].

48.
CB, Cash Book, [1848–9]: MS BS 22 p.2, BPM [
BST
:5:29:277]; CB to MT, 4Sept 1848: MS E.L. f.B91 pp.3–4, Rylands [
LCB
, ii, 112].

49.
Smith,
A Memoir
, 89.

50.
CB to MT, 4Sept 1848: MS E.L. f.B91 pp.4–6, Rylands [
LCB
, ii, 112–13].

51.
Ibid., pp.6–7 [
LCB
, ii, 113].

52.
Smith,
A Memoir
, 88, 91. The suggestion that Charlotte's head was too large for her body is borne out by her self-caricature drawn in 1843: see plate 28.

53.
Ibid., p.91.

54.
CB to MT, 4 Sept 1848: MS E.L. f.B91 p.11, Rylands [
LCB
, ii, 114].

55.
Ibid., pp.11, 9 [
LCB
, ii, 114].

56.
Ibid, p.9[
LCB
, ii, 113–4]. See also ECG,
Life
, 285–6.

57.
Ibid., 287.

58.
Ibid., 286; CB to MT, 4Sept 1848: MS E.L. f.B91 p.9, Rylands [
LCB
, ii, 114].

59.
Ibid., p.10 [
LCB
, ii, 114].

60.
Ibid., pp.10–11 [
LCB
, ii, 114]. Smith was amused by Charlotte's description of his house as ‘a very fine place – the rooms – the drawing-room especially – looked splendid to us', writing ‘The house in which we lived is occupied by a hairdresser, and you may purchase cosmetics and hairpins in what used to be the dining-room, and have your hair cut, curled, singed and shampooed in the little room in which I read the manuscript of “Jane Eyre”‘: Smith,
A Memoir
, 102–3.

61.
CB to MT, 4Sept 1848: MS E.L. f.B91 pp.11–12, Rylands [
LCB
, ii, 114–15]; CB to
WSW, 8 July 1848: MS Gr. F4 p.1, BPM [
LCB
, ii, 83], accepting Williams' invitation, is the first to which Charlotte put her real name rather than her pseudonym. Thereafter she always used her real name in her correspondence with Smith, Elder & Co.

62.
MT to CB, 10 April 1849: MS Bon 256 p.1, BPM [
LCB
, ii, 198] says ‘I've been delighted to receive a very interesting letter from you with an account of your pop visit to London &c … I wish you would give me some account of Newby, & what the man said when confronted with the real Ellis [sic] Bell.' No such account exists, possibly because Charlotte's preoccupation with her sisters' health prevented her ever getting round to it.

63.
CB, Cash Book, [1848–9]: MS BS 22 pp.2–3, BPM [
BST
:5:29:277–8].

64.
EN, Reminiscences [
L&L
, ii, 228].

65.
CB to EN, 26 June 1848: MS HM 24463 p.2, Huntington [
LCB
, ii, 81]. Ellen thought the reference to her naivety meant Charlotte had failed to realize that Ellen had recognized her as the author of
Jane Eyre
: in fact it meant that Charlotte was amused at her gauche attempts to get her to confess her authorship.

66.
Ibid., pp.2–4 [
LCB
, ii, 81]. Charlotte heard nothing from Hunsworth for many months after this visit and suspected that Taylor had taken offence at her refusal to confide in him: Ellen later blamed him for making ‘an open secret' of Charlotte's authorship: CB to EN, 10 Dec 1848: MS p.4, Harvard [
LCB
, ii, 153]; EN, Reminiscences [
L&L
, ii, 228].

67.
CB to WSW, 31 July 1848: MS pp.3–4, Princeton [
LCB
, ii, 94].

68.
Unsigned review,
Athenaeum
, 8July 1848 pp.670–1 [Allott, 251].

69.
Unsigned review,
Spectator
, 8July 1848 pp.662–3 [Allott, 250].

70.
CB to WSW, 31 July 1848: MS pp.3–4, Princeton [
LCB
, ii, 94].

71.
AB, Preface to second edition of
The Tenant of Wildfell Hall
, 22 July 1848: MS n.l. [AB,
The Tenant of Wildfell Hall
, 5]. For the date of the second edition see AB,
The Tenant of Wildfell Hall
, Clarendon Edn, xxii.

72.
CB to GS, 7 Sept 1848: MS SG 17 pp.1–2, BPM [
LCB
, ii, 117]; CB to WSW, [?early Sept 1848]: MS Ashley 164 p.4, BL [
LCB
, ii, 119].

73.
CB to WSW, 18 Aug 1848: MS BS 65.1, BPM [
LCB
, ii, 102]. Through force of habit Charlotte signed the letter ‘Currer Bell', adding a postscript ‘I forget my own name – but it does not signify; you know me better as C. Bell than as C Brontë'.

74.
PBB to JBL, [?17 June 1848]: MS p.1, Brotherton [
LCB
, ii, 77].

75.
CB to EN, 28 July 1848: MS Gr. E14 pp.4, 1crossed, BPM [
LCB
, ii, 93].

76.
ECG,
Life
, 226–7. Opium was then readily available over the counter for pain relief: in liquid form, as laudanum, it was taken as drops in alcohol, usually brandy, con-tributing to alcoholism as well as drug addiction.