Burma Redux: Global Justice and the Quest for Political Reform in Myanmar (61 page)

96.
   Lucian W. Pye,
Asian Power and Politics: The Cultural Dimensions of Authority
(Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press, 1985). Cited in Stephen McCarthy,
The Political Theory of Tyranny in Singapore and Burma: Aristotle and the Rhetoric of Benevolent Despotism
(Abingdon: Routledge, 2006), p.12.

97.
   William C. Johnstone,
Burma’s Foreign Policy: A Study in Neutralism
(Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1963). Chi-shad Liang,
Burma’s Foreign Relations: Neutralism in Theory and Practice
(New York, NY: Praeger, 1990).

98.
   Aung San Suu Kyi, “Please use your liberty to promote ours,”
International Herald Tribune
, February 4, 1997.

99.
   Michael Aung-Thwin, “Parochial Universalism, Democracy
Jihad
and the Orientalist Image of Burma: The New Evangelism,”
Pacific Affairs
74:4 (2001–02), 483–505.

100.
 
International Herald Tribune
, “Confirmation hearing of Condoleezza Rice,” January 18, 2005. David I. Steinberg, “The United States and Myanmar: A ‘Boutique Issue’?,”
International Affairs
86:1 (2010), 175–94.

101.
 Inge Brees, “Burmese Refugee Transnationalism: What Is the Effect?,”
Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs
28:2 (2009), 23–46.

102.
 Shklar,
The Faces of Injustice
, p.115.

103.
 Aung San Suu Kyi,
Freedom from Fear: And Other Writings
, rev. ed. (London: Penguin, 1995).

104.
 Centre for Peace and Conflict Studies,
Listening to Voices from Inside: Myanmar Civil Society’s Response to Cyclone Nargis
(Phnom Penh: Centre for Peace and Conflict Studies, 2009), pp.vi, 2.

105.
 Centre for Peace and Conflict Studies,
Ethnic People Speak
, p.25.

106.
 CDA Collaborative Learning Projects,
Listening Project: Field Visit Report: Myanmar/Burma
(No place: CDA, 2009), p.11.

107.
 Caney,
Justice beyond Borders
, p.238.

108.
 CDA Collaborative Learning Projects,
Myanmar/Burma
, p.7.

109.
 CDA Collaborative Learning Projects,
Myanmar/Burma
, p.19.

110.
 Caney,
Justice beyond Borders
, pp.238–9.

Chapter 7

1.
     Ian Holliday, “When Is a Cause Just?,”
Review of International Studies
28:3 (2002), 557–75. Ian Holliday, “Ethics of Intervention: Just War Theory and the Challenge of the 21st Century,”
International Relations
17:2 (2003), 115–33.

2.
     Catherine Lu,
Just and Unjust Interventions in World Politics: Public and Private
(Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006), p.11.

3.
     Lu,
Just and Unjust Interventions in World Politics
, p.4.

4.
     Michael Barnett and Jack Snyder, “The Grand Strategies of Humanitarianism,” in Michael Barnett and Thomas G. Weiss (eds),
Humanitarianism in Question: Politics, Power, Ethics
(Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2008), 143–71, pp.145–6.

5.
     In 1995, Andrew Rigby used three criteria to construct a typology of non-violent intervention: location, style and objective. Andrew Rigby, “Unofficial Nonviolent Intervention: Examples from the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict,”
Journal of Peace Research
32:4 (1995), 453–67.

6.
     The ICRC is a classic mixed-zone humanitarian agency. “The ICRC … is neither, strictly speaking, nongovernmental nor intergovernmental; it is in a category by itself because states provide the bulk of its resources and also give it a particular mandate – to develop, protect, and disseminate international humanitarian law – but individual citizens, and not states, are members.” Michael Barnett and Thomas G. Weiss, “Humanitarianism: A Brief History of the Present,” in Michael Barnett and Thomas G. Weiss (eds),
Humanitarianism in Question: Politics, Power, Ethics
(Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2008), 1–48, p.14.

7.
     Thomas J. Volgy, Elizabeth Fausett, Keith A. Grant and Stuart Rodgers, “Identifying Formal Intergovernmental Organizations,”
Journal of Peace Research
45:6 (2008), 837–50.

8.
     Adam Watson,
Diplomacy: The Dialogue between States
(London: Methuen, 1982), p.226.

9.
     R. P. Barston,
Modern Diplomacy
, 2
^nd
ed. (London: Longman, 1997).

10.
   Watson,
Diplomacy
.

11.
   Patrick M. Regan, Richard W. Frank and Aysegul Aydin, “Diplomatic Interventions and Civil War: A New Dataset,”
Journal of Peace Research
46:1 (2009), 135–46.

12.
   Boutros-Ghali,
An Agenda for Peace
, para 20.

13.
   Norrie MacQueen,
Peacekeeping and the International System
(Abingdon: Routledge, 2006). Paul F. Diehl,
Peace Operations
(Cambridge: Polity, 2008). Alex J. Bellamy and Paul D. Williams with Stuart Griffin,
Understanding Peacekeeping
, 2
^nd
ed. (Cambridge: Polity, 2010).

14.
   Boutros Boutros-Ghali,
An Agenda for Peace: Preventive Diplomacy, Peacemaking and Peace-keeping
, A/47/277 – S/24111 (1992), para 46.

15.
   Steven R. Ratner,
The New UN Peacekeeping: Building Peace in Lands of Conflict after the Cold War
(Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1997), p.2.

16.
   Pak K. Lee, Gerald Chan and Lai-Ha Chan, “China in Darfur: Humanitarian Rule-maker or Rule-taker?,”
Review of International Studies
37 (2011), forthcoming.

17.
   Nick Butler, “Companies in International Relations,”
Survival
42:1 (Spring 2000), 149–64. William H. Meyer,
Human Rights and International Political Economy in Third World Nations: Multinational Corporations, Foreign Aid, and Repression
(Westport, CT: Praeger, 1998).

18.
   Arne Tostensen and Beate Bull, “Are Smart Sanctions Feasible?,”
World Politics
54:3 (2002), 373–403. Meghan L. O’Sullivan,
Shrewd Sanctions: Statecraft and State Sponsors of Terrorism
(Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 2003).

19.
   Gary Clyde Hufbauer, Jeffrey J. Schott, Kimberly Ann Elliott and Barbara Oegg,
Economic Sanctions Reconsidered
, 3
^rd
ed. (Washington, DC: Pearson Institute for International Economics, 2007), p.3.

20.
   Hufbauer, et al.,
Economic Sanctions Reconsidered
, pp.44–5.

21.
   Steve Chan and A. Cooper Drury, “Sanctions as Economic Statecraft: An Overview,” in Steve Chan and A. Cooper Drury, eds,
Sanctions as Economic Statecraft: Theory and Practice
(Basingstoke: Macmillan, 2000), p.3.

22.
   David Cortright and George A. Lopez,
The Sanctions Decade: Assessing UN Strategies in the 1990s
(Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 2000).

23.
   Thomas G. Weiss, “Sanctions as a Foreign Policy Tool: Weighing Humanitarian Impulses,”
Journal of Peace Research
36:5 (1999), 499–509.

24.
   Hufbauer, et al.,
Economic Sanctions Reconsidered.
Kern Alexander,
Economic Sanctions: Law and Public Policy
(London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009).

25.
   The definition comes from L. Oppenheim’s
International Law.
It is cited in Yoram Dinstein,
War, Aggression and Self-defence
, 4
^th
ed. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005), p.5.

26.
   Leslie C. Green,
The Contemporary Law of Armed Conflict
, 2
^nd
ed. (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2000), pp.54–5, 71.

27.
   Michael Howard, “When Are Wars Decisive?,”
Survival
41:1 (Spring 1999), 126–35, p.126.

28.
   I. William Zartman and J. Lewis Rasmussen (eds),
Peacemaking in International Conflict: Methods and Techniques
(Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press, 1997). Tom Woodhouse, Robert Bruce and Malcolm Dando (eds),
Peacekeeping and Peacemaking: Towards Effective Intervention in Post-Cold War Conflicts
(Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 1998). Andrew Cottey, “Beyond Humanitarian Intervention: The New Politics of Peacekeeping and Intervention,”
Contemporary Politics
14:4 (2008), 429–46.

29.
   The International Military Intervention dataset is a comprehensive resource. Jeffrey Pickering and Emizet F. Kisangani, “The International Military Intervention Dataset: An Updated Resource for Conflict Scholars,”
Journal of Peace Research
46:4 (2009), 589–99.

30.
   Steven Simon and Daniel Benjamin, “America and the New Terrorism,”
Survival
42:1 (Spring 2000), 59–75, p.66. Also see Daniel Benjamin and Steven Simon,
The Age of Sacred Terror: Radical Islam’s War against America
(New York, NY: Random House, 2002).

31.
   Lu,
Just and Unjust Interventions in World Politics
.

32.
   United Nations General Assembly, “Strengthening of the Coordination of Humanitarian Emergency Assistance of the United Nations’, A/RES/46/182 (1991). Nicholas Hopkinson,
The United Nations in the New World Disorder
(London: HMSO, 1993). Larry Minear and Thomas G. Weiss,
Humanitarian Action in Times of War: A Handbook for Practitioners
(Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 1993). World Conference on Religion and Peace,
The Mohonk Criteria for Humanitarian Assistance in Complex Emergencies
(New York, NY: World Conference on Religion and Peace, 1994). International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies,
The Code of Conduct for the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement and Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) in Disaster Relief
(No place: International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, 1994). John Harriss, ed.,
The Politics of Humanitarian Intervention
(London: Pinter/Save the Children, 1995).

33.
   Frederick H. Russell,
The Just War in the Middle Ages
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1975). James Turner Johnson and John Kelsay, eds,
Cross, Crescent, and Sword: The Justification and Limitation of War in Western and Islamic Tradition
(Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1990). John Kelsay, and James Turner Johnson, eds,
Just War and Jihad: Historical and Theoretical Perspectives on War and Peace in Western and Islamic Traditions
(Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1991). James Turner Johnson
The Holy War Idea in Western and Islamic Traditions
(University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1997). Michael Walzer,
Just and Unjust Wars: A Moral Argument with Historical Illustrations
, 3
^rd
ed. (New York, NY: Basic Books, 2000). John Kelsay,
Arguing the Just War in Islam
(Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2007).