Carthage Must Be Destroyed (85 page)
Read Carthage Must Be Destroyed Online
Authors: Richard Miles
casualties at Cannae
composition
disposition of legions
Palatine Hill
reforms (from 215)
sack of Carthage
slaves and criminals in
Third Punic War
under Scipio Africanus
Roman empire
administration of new territory
establishment of
as model for European imperial powers
Roman law
and Latin identity
legal status for new populations
on runaway slaves
Roman navy
blockade of Lilybaeum
building of
capture of Carthaginian warship
lack of
losses in storms (255 BC and 253 BC)
superiority (by 218 BC)
superiority (by 244 BC)
Rome
ORIGINS AND RISE OF: early growth; foundation myths; foundation of Republic; and northern Italy; significance of Carthage in history of; wealth of
CITY: Ara Maxima; Aventine Hill, temple of Juno Regina; Capitol; church of Sant’ Omobono
;
Colline Gate; Columna Rostrata; fortifications; Forum Boarium; Forum Holitorum, Columna Lactaria; Pomerium (city boundary); temple of Bellona; temple of Hercules; temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus; temple to Venus Erycina; Vicus Africus (Esquiline Hill)
;
Colline Gate; Columna Rostrata; fortifications; Forum Boarium; Forum Holitorum, Columna Lactaria; Pomerium (city boundary); temple of Bellona; temple of Hercules; temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus; temple to Venus Erycina; Vicus Africus (Esquiline Hill)
Carthaginians in
cultural links with Greece
Festival of October Horse
foreign policy: annexation of Sardinia; and assistance to Mamertines in Sicily; and concept of ‘just war’; interest in Sicily; intervention in dispute with Numidia; and Saguntum
;
war with Seleucids (189 BC); wars against Samnites; wars in Greece and Asia Minor
;
war with Seleucids (189 BC); wars against Samnites; wars in Greece and Asia Minor
government; Popular Assembly; Senate; split over fate of Carthage
and Hannibal: in Hannibal’s propaganda; propaganda against Hannibal; and news of Hannibal’s crossing of Alps; and news of defeat at Trasimene; appeal to gods against Hannibal; Hannibal’s march to gates of; obduracy towards Hannibal; strain of Hannibal’s presence in Italy; news of death of Hannibal; popular reaction to destruction of Carthage
prediction of decline of
relations with Carthage: and Barcid Spain; embassy to Carthage (152 BC); first treaty with Carthage (509 BC)
;
and Hasdrubal; possible treaty with Carthage (306 BC)
;
second treaty with Carthage (348 BC); support for Carthage against rebel mercenaries; third treaty with Carthage (279/278 BC); treaty to end First Punic War (241 BC)
;
and Hasdrubal; possible treaty with Carthage (306 BC)
;
second treaty with Carthage (348 BC); support for Carthage against rebel mercenaries; third treaty with Carthage (279/278 BC); treaty to end First Punic War (241 BC)
sacked by Gauls (387 BC)
see also
First Punic War; Second Punic War; Third Punic War
First Punic War; Second Punic War; Third Punic War
Sabine women, rape of
Sabratha, mausoleum
‘sacred spring’, Roman rite of pledge of
sacrifice
human (Roman)
voluntary
see also
child sacrifice
child sacrifice
Saguntum, Spain
appeals to Rome
resistance to Hannibal
Roman view of
siege of
Sahel, Carthaginian expansion into
Salamis, battle of (489 BC)
Salapia, Italy
Salinator, Marcus Livius, consul (208)
Sallust, historian
Samnites
cult of Hercules
and Hannibal
wars with Rome
Sanchuniathon, Phoenician writer
Sant’ Imbenia (modern Alghero), Sardinia
Sant’ Omobono, Rome, temple
sarcophagi, anthropoid
Sardinia
annexed by Rome
Carthaginian attacks on
Carthaginian settlements
cultural hybridization
food supplies for Carthage
metal ores
mints
Nuragic people
Phoenician burials
Phoenician settlements
Punic traditions
rebellion in support of Hannibal
revolt of mercenaries (241 BC)
Roman legion sent to (217)
trade network from
worship of Melqart
Sardinian Sea, Battle of the (535 BC)
Sardus, son of Maceris (Heracles)
Sargon II, king of Assyria
Saw, pass of, defeat of rebel mercenaries in
scarab beetle
Schumann, Franz
Scipio Aemilianus
destruction of and curse on Carthage
and fall of Carthage
and ritual of
evocatio
before Carthage
evocatio
before Carthage
Scipio, Gnaeus Cornelius, consul
battle of Hibera invasion of Iberian peninsula
Scipio, Lucius Cornelius
Scipio Nascia, arguments against destruction of Carthage
Scipio, Publius Cornelius (Africanus)
appointed to command
heroic-divine reputation
later years
in North Africa; attack on Carthaginian camps; battle of Zama; treaty with Carthage
preparations in Sicily for invasion of North Africa
return to Rome
siege of New Carthage
tactics at Ilipa
triumph
victory in Spain
view of Hannibal
Scipio, Publius Cornelius, Roman commander
against Hannibal in Italy
battle of Hibera
battle of Ticinius
first contact with Hannibal
sea walls
Second Punic War (218–201 BC)
aftermath
build-up to
declaration of war
Hannibal’s advance to Rome
Hannibal’s years in Italy
Scipio in North Africa
treaty and indemnity
see also
Hannibal Barca
Hannibal Barca
Segesta, Sicily
dispute with Selinus
Seleucid Empire
Seleucus I, king of Syria
Selinus, Sicily
dispute with Segesta
new Punic settlement
siege of
temple of Heracles
Sena Gallica, Umbria, battle of
Sennacherib, Great King of Assyria
Septimius Severus (grandfather of emperor)
Septimius Severus, Lucius, Emperor (193 AD)
Servius Tullius, Roman king
ship-building
construction method
and Mediterranean trade
Phoenician advances
ships
bireme
Egyptian
gauloi
(merchant ships)
(merchant ships)
penteconter
Phoenician
quadrireme
quinquereme
story of first boat
trireme
Sibylline books (Roman oracular books)
Sican people, Sicily
Sicca, Numidian town
mercenaries in
sanctuary of Astarte
Sicel people, Sicily
Sicily
Carthaginian control over western part
Carthaginian exports to
Carthaginian fortresses
Carthaginian losses to Pyrrhus
cultural syncretism
First Punic War on
and Hannibal’s propaganda
Heracles in
instability
Mamertine mercenaries
Melqart in
military mints
relations between Punic and Greek populations
Roman control over
Roman interest in
Roman invasion (213–211)
Roman legion sent to (217)
Scipio Africanus in
see also
Lilybaeum; Syracuse
Lilybaeum; Syracuse
Sid, Carthaginian god
Sid Babi (Sardus Pater)
temple at Antas
Sidon
cults of Eshmoun and Astarte
trade from
under control of Tyre
‘Sidonian rights’ (
ὺš şdn
), in
ὺš şdn
), in
Carthage
Siga, Numidia
Silenus of Caleacte, historian/writer
association of Heracles with Hannibal
on capitulation of Tarentum
with Hannibal
on Hannibal’s march to gates of Rome
Silius Italicus
Punica
(poem)
(poem)
on temple of Melqart at Gades
silver
collapse in value (6th century)
Greek lack of
see also
coins and coinage
coins and coinage
silver ore
Etruria
Sardinia
Spain
Spanish mines
skyphoi
(Euboean drinking cups)
(Euboean drinking cups)
slaves
freed to fight in army
legal freedom for
in Roman army
Roman law on
in silver mines
Solomon, king of Judah (Israel), sale of cities to Tyre
Solus, Sicily Cannita sarcophagi
Somalia, Tyrian-Israelite expedition
Sophocles
Andromeda
Ichneuta
Sophonisba, daughter of Hasdrubal Gisco
Sosylus of Sparta, historian/writer
and Hannibal
Souma of Khroub, Numidian mausoleum
Spain
Barcid administration of
Carthaginian ambitions in
euhemeristic account of Heracles’ journey from
fiscal structure
Greeks in
Hamilcar Barca’s expedition
mint
Roman campaign in
silver ore
trade to Greece
victory for Scipio in
see also
Andalusia; Gades
Andalusia; Gades
Sparta, alliance with Athens
Spendius, leader of mercenaries
springs
Caere
Gades
Heracleium
Roman rite
staircases, twin, Acragas
Statilius Taurus
Statius, Roman poet
statuettes
of Heracles
manufacture of
terracotta figurines
steles
double-headed (Baal Hammon and Tanit)
erected by Abibaal
molk
inscriptions
inscriptions
motifs
sign of Tanit on
Stesichorus
Geryoneis
(poem)
(poem)
Strabo, Greek geographer
stucco
Su Nuraxi, Nuragic settlement, Sardinia
Sudan, Tyrian-Israelite expedition
suffetes (two elected senior magistrates)
Sulcis, Sardinia tophet
Suniatus, rival to Hanno the Great
Syphax, king of Massaesylian Numidian kingdom
Syracuse
alliance with Segesta
defeat by Rome (263 BC)
and Mamertines
mints
peace treaty (405 BC)
and Pyrrhus
and Roman control of Sicily
Roman siege (213–211)
support for Carthage against mercenary rebels
as threat to Rome
treaty with Carthage (373 BC)
under Timoleon
wars with Carthage
Syria, northern
Syrtis Major
Syrtis Minor
Numidian occupation
Tagus, river, battle at (220 BC)
Tanit, goddess
Carthage
identified with Juno
new temple in Carthage
sign of
Tarentum, Magna Graecia
and Alexander
capitulation to Hannibal
recaptured by Rome
Roman victory over
Tarquinius Superbus, king of Rome
Tartessus (‘Tarshish’)
decline of
equated with Andalusia
Heracles in
Taurini tribe, northern Italy
taxation
fiscal structure of Barcid Spain
Hannibal’s reforms
of Libyans
Roman
Sicily
technology
agricultural
mining
naval
temples
Apollo
Baal Hammon, Carthage
Carthage
Concordia
Eshmoun
Juno (Cape Lacinium)
Kerkouane
Melqart: Carthage; in Gades; Tyre
Motya (Sicily)
Pyrgi
Rome
Sid, Antas (Sardinia)
Tyre
Terillus, autocrat of Himera
Terracina, Latium
Tharros, Sardinia
sanctuary of Melqart
steles
suffetes
tophet
Thasos, Greek island
temple of Heracles
Thermae Himerae, Sicily
Theron, king of Syracuse
Third Macedonian War
Third Punic War (150–146 BC)
pretext for
Roman demand for hostages
Roman offer of terms
siege and fall of Carthage
Thugga, Numidian town (Tunisia)
Thusca region
Tiberius Claudius of Antium
Tiberius, stepson of Augustus
Ticinus, River, Battle of (218)
Tiglathpileser I, king of Assyria
Tiglathpileser III, king of Assyria
Timeaus of Tauromenium, historian
on Agathocles
on Alexander
on attack on Acragas
on Himera
as source for Diodorus
on synchronicity of foundation of Rome and Carthage
view of Rome
Timoleon, Corinthian ruler of Syracuse
tin, sources of
tombs
Acca Laurentia, Rome
early Carthage
Kerkouane
tophets (sacred enclosures for child sacrifice)
Carthage
Motya
North Africa
in western Mediterranean colonies
trade
Atlantic
Carthage and Greece
Carthage and Rome
commercial
Egypt
Euboea
Greece
long-distance
in luxury goods
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