Children of Paradise (70 page)

“I don’t desire that aware children”
:
Ibid., 2.

It was Al-e Ahmad who floated
:
Abbas Milani,
Eminent Persians: The Men and Women Who Made Modern Iran, 1941–1979
(Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press and Persian Book World, 2008), vol. 2, 842.

“Now we must mourn”
:
Jalal Al-e Ahmad, “Samad and the Folk Legend,” in
Iranian Society: An Anthology of Writings
, ed. Michael Hillmann (Lexington, KY: Mazda, 1982), 141.

“I completely forgot all the memories”
:
Ali Rahnema,
An Islamic Utopian: A Political Biography of Ali Shari‘ati
(London and New York: I. B. Tauris, 2000), 192.

“During his lectures”
:
Ibid., 177.

“a student who is more educated”
:
Ibid., 38.

“stinking mud”
:
Ibid., 292.

“A futureless past”
:
Ibid., 107.

“Shariati’s work was a type of revivalism”
:
Ali Mirsepassi,
Intellectual Discourse and the Politics of Modernization: Negotiating Modernity in Iran
(Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 2000), 118.

religion was the last line of defense
:
Ali Gheissari,
Iranian Intellectuals in the 20th Century
(Austin: University of Texas Press, 1998), 101.

Shariati was still a nationalist
:
Rahnema,
An Islamic Utopian
, 125.

Shariati looked at secular, even nihilistic, postwar Europe
:
Farzin Vahdat,
God and Juggernaut: Iran’s Intellectual Encounter with Modernity
(Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 2002), 143–45.

At a meeting during that visit
:
Rahnema,
An Islamic Utopian
, 191.

“the staircases, the yard”
:
Interview with Alireza Alavi Tabar in Ali Mirsepassi,
Democracy in Modern Iran: Islam, Culture, and Political Change
(New York: New York University Press, 2010), 128.

“revolutionary society”
:
Rahnema,
An Islamic Utopian
, 236.

Motahhari was uneasy
:
H. E. Chehabi,
Iranian Politics and Religious Modernism: The Liberation Movement of Iran Under the Shah and Khomeini
(London: I. B. Tauris, 1990), 205.

“Our society is neither intellectually”
:
Rahnema,
An Islamic Utopian
, 133–34.

the country’s new Bastille
:
Ervand Abrahamian,
Tortured Confessions: Prisons and Public Recantations in Modern Iran
(Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1999), 105.

“the martyr is the pulsing heart”
:
Rahnema,
An Islamic Utopian
, 315.

“Wage jihad and kill if you can”
:
Ibid., 356.

forced to parrot that argument in public recantations
:
Abrahamian,
Tortured Confessions
, 116.

“pressed to the wall like frightened sparrows”
:
Reza Khojasteh-Rahimi, “We Should Pursue Shariati’s Path but We Shouldn’t Be Mere Followers: An Interview with Abdulkarim Soroush,” June 19, 2008, http://www.drsoroush.com/English/Interviews/E-INT-Shariati_June2008.html.

“He had long hair, down to his shoulders”
:
Ibid.

C
HAPTER
T
WO.
I
SLAMIC
R
EPUBLIC

“So our city will be governed”
:
Plato,
The Republic
, trans. Paul Shorey, in
Plato: The Collected Dialogues, Including the Letters
, eds. Edith Hamilton and Huntington Cairns (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1989), 752.

Revelation of Secrets
:
Saïd Amir Arjomand,
After Khomeini: Iran Under His Successors
(New York: Oxford University Press, 2009), 20. Various dates are given for the publication of this work, spanning from 1941 to 1944.

a cover to allow Bahais
:
Hamid Ansari,
The Narrative of Awakening: A Look at Imam Khomeini’s Ideal, Scientific and Political Biography (from Birth to Ascension)
, trans. and ed. Seyed Manoochehr Moosavi (Qom, Iran: Institute for Compilation and Publication of the Works of Imam Khomeini, International Affairs Division, 1994), 55.

“If some American’s servant”
:
Ruhollah Khomeini, “A Warning to the Nation” (1941), in Ruhollah Khomeini,
Islam and Revolution I: Writings and Declarations of Imam Khomeini (1941–1980)
, trans. and ed. Hamid Algar (Berkeley, CA: Mizan Press, 1981), 181–82.

“from the streetsweeper . . . associated vices”
:
Ibid., 171.

Khomeini argued for a state
:
Ibid., 37.

“The governance of the
faqih
”
:
Ibid., 63.

“the opium of the masses”
:
Ibid., 214.

The nationalists even forged a relationship
:
Mohammad Ayatollahi Tabaar, “From Womb to Tomb: Religion, the State and War in Iran,” unpublished thesis shared by author.

“The government I intend to appoint”
:
Khomeini, “A Warning to the Nation,” 269.

“Those who imagine”
:
Ibid.

“You who have chosen a course”
:
Ibid., 270.

“sowing corruption on earth”
:
Ervand Abrahamian,
Tortured Confessions: Prison and Public Recantation in Modern Iran
(Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1999), 124.

more than seven times the number of political prisoners
:
Ibid., 169.

terms he found divisive
:
H. E. Chehabi,
Iranian Politics and Religious Modernism: The Liberation Movement of Iran Under the Shah and Khomeini
(London: I. B. Tauris, 1990), 64.

“Don’t expect me to act”
:
Ibid., 258.

Khomeini defended their work
:
Khomeini, “A Warning to the Nation,” 330–32.

Bazargan’s government tried and failed
:
Chehabi,
Iranian Politics and Religious Modernism
, 258–59.

“In theory, the government is in charge”
:
Ervand Abrahamian,
The Iranian
Mojahedin
(New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1989), 48.

“darkly as in a dream”
:
Plato,
The Republic
, 752.

“Yes” carried the day
:
Asgar Schirazi,
The Constitution of Iran: Politics and the State in the Islamic Republic
, trans. John O’Kane (London: I. B. Tauris, 1998), 27.

rife with irregularities
:
Ibid., 31–32.

the assembly was packed
:
Hossein Bashiriyeh,
The State and Revolution in Iran: 1962–1982
(New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 1984), 151.

“Now the Constitution makes some provision”
:
Khomeini, “A Warning to the Nation,” 342.

“seriously prejudicial to our interests”
:
James G. Blight, Janet M. Lang, Hussain Banai, Malcolm Byrne, and John Tirman,
Becoming Enemies: U.S.-Iran Relations and the Iran-Iraq War, 1979–1988
(New York: Rowman & Littlefield, 2012), 299–300.

In his final televised address
:
Chehabi,
Iranian Politics and Religious Modernism
, 273.

ratified by a popular referendum
:
Abrahamian,
The Iranian Mojahedin
, 58.

Khomeini publicly averred
:
Bashiriyeh,
The State and Revolution in Iran
, 156.

“The president should be in charge”
:
David Menashri,
Iran: A Decade of War and Revolution
(New York: Holmes & Meier, 1990), 133.

“enemy of the clergy”
:
Ibid., 134.

“Bazargan with a different face”
:
Abrahamian,
The Iranian Mojahedin
, 60.

“along with the revolution”
:
Bashiriyeh,
The State and Revolution in Iran
, 158.

This was no minor border skirmish
:
Blight et al.,
Becoming Enemies
, 73.

Mojahedin-e Khalq, whose ranks were swelling with young people
:
Bashiriyeh,
The State and Revolution in Iran
, 161.

“This is not a republic”
:
Abrahamian,
The Iranian Mojahedin
, 66.

He even asked Khomeini
:
Menashri,
Iran
, 171.