China's Territorial Disputes (51 page)

Tiananmen Square incident 41,42, 43, 89,

93, 94,116,160    
'

Tiaoyutai Islands
see

Diaoyu/Tiaoyutai/Senkaku Islands dispute

Tibet 56, 96-126
passim
, 147, 159

Tokdo/Takeshima/Liancourt Rock 54

Tonkin Gulf 150

Tong Zeng 49

Tong Zhen 59, 159

Total132

tourism
see
travel

trade 3,19, 21-2, 127, 151-3, 167; Diaoyu/Tiaoyutai/Senkaku Islands dispute 40, 47, 52, 53, 57, 152; Himalayan border dispute 101, 105,

111, 114, 117-18, 123, 152; Sino
-'
ASEAN 141-2, 153, 170-1; Zhenbao/Chenpao/Damansky Islands dispute 71, 73, 80, 84-5, 89-92, 93, 95, 146, 151-2 Trans-Siberian railway 75

transnational actors 152; South China Sea islands dispute 9,12,127, 128, 130-5, 137-8, 141, 143, 144, 145;
see also
Level

III elements travel: China to Russia 84, 86, 92; Sino-ASEAN 142; Sino-Indian 101, 117; US to China 71, 73 Treaty of Aigun (1858) 62, 64, 82 Treaty of Alliance with USSR (1950) 73 Treaty of Amity and Cooperation (Bali Treaty) (1976)143 Treaty of Chugachuk (1864)149 Treaty of Nerchinsk (1689) 62 Treaty of Peking/Beijing (1860) 64, 65, 82 Treaty of Shimonoseki (1895) 4, 29 Treaty of Westphalia (1648) 4 Trumbore, Peter 161 Tumen river 82, 86 Tumen River Economic Development Area 87

two-level games 6-13, 16-25, 27, 28, 39, 95,121, 124, 135, 163, 164; hypothesis testing 12-13, 145-62;
see also
Level I elements; Level II elements

UN 35, 47, 49, 71-2, 73 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) 29, 153 UN Development Program 87 UN Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East (ECAFE) 32 UN Third Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS III, 1982) 3, 28, 31,44,

48,128, 143, 144, 173, 196n81 “unequal” treaties 1,149, 171; Himalayan border dispute 100, 103; Zhenbao/Chenpao/Damansky Islands dispute 61,64-5, 68-9, 70, 72, 75, 76-7, 78, 79, 80, 82    '

United Oceanic Development Company 32-3

United States 1,4, 6,165-6, 170; Diaoyu/Tiaoyutai/Senkaku Islands dispute 28, 29, 32, 34, 35, 39, 40, 50-2, 53, 56, 57, 152; Himalayan border dispute 105, 107, 108, 116, 118, 122,

123, 169; and South China Sea 130, 131, 132, 137, 142, 143; trade with China 118;

Zhenbao/Chenpao/Damanasky Islands dispute 67, 71, 73, 82, 88, 93 United States-Japan Security Alliance 50,

51

Uotsuri Island 41, 44, 45 Uotsurishima Island 197n14 Ury, William 183n140 USSR 4, 5, 7, 22,164, 165-6, 168, 171; collapse 52,118, 166; Diaoyu/Tiaoyutai/Senkaku Islands dispute 26, 35, 36, 38, 39, 40, 52, 54; Himalayan border dispute 105-6, 107, 109, 113-14, 116, 118, 122; South China Sea islands dispute 131; Zhenbao/Chenpao/Damansky Islands dispute 2, 5,15,18,19, 61-95, 148-9,

151-2, 154, 158, 165, 166 Ussuri boundary river, disputed islands
see
Zhenbao/Chenpao/Damansky Islands dispute

Vaalco 137

Vajpayee, Atal Bihari 110, 116, 120, 123,

125, 152,161    
'

Van Dyke, John M.178n7 Vasquez, John 2 Venkateswaran, V P.116 Versailles Conference (1919) 34 Vietnam: Diaoyu/Tiaoyutai/Senkaku Islands dispute 36; Himalayan border dispute 110; land border dispute with China 10,141, 150, 153, 172; South China Sea islands dispute 2, 5,10,127,

128, 131, 133, 135, 138, 140, 141, 142, 143, 150;

Zhenbao/Chenpao/Damansky Islands dispute 75, 88, 93 Vladivostok 75, 85, 87 Vo Van Kiet 172

Wang Jiaxiang 122 War Preparedness Campaign 73 Warsaw Pact 65, 66, 67, 71 Whiting, Allen S. 183n147, 192n27 win-sets 16,17-25, 145, 148, 151, 153,

155, 160; Diaoyu/Tiaoyutai/Sekaku Islands dispute 46, 51; Himalayan border dispute 123, 124, 126; relation to costs of agreement/non-agreement 20-2, 141, 146-8; South China Sea islands dispute 141;

Zhenbao/Chenpao/Damansky Islands dispute 88, 94 Wood Island 139

World Trade Organization (WTO) 56,

116,142 Wu Dun-yi 42, 58

Wu Yi 119

Wusuli boundary river, disputed islands
see
Zhenbao/Chenpao/Damansky Islands dispute

Xie Fuzhi 70

Xinjiang province 69,101, 116,121 Xisha Islands
see
Paracel Islands

Yaeyama Fisheries Cooperative 47 Yaeyama Islands 32 Yasui 37 Yellow Sea 130

Yeltsin, Boris 83, 84, 85, 87, 88, 92,146,

159,166
Yomiuri Shimbun
34 Yongxin/Wood Island 139 Yoshihiro Inayama 40 Yukihiro Kurihara 197n14 Yukio Mishima 45

Zakharov, M.185n31 zero-sum games 24, 156 Zhang Guohua 109 Zhang Xusan 136

Zhang Zangzang 182n122 Zhang Zhen 49 Zhao Quansheng 14,150 Zhao Ziyang 93, 95,115,160 Zhenbao/Chenpao/Damansky Islands dispute 2, 7, 8-9,10,11,12,15, 38, 54, 61-95, 127, 145, 148-9, 154, 156, 157-8, 159, 165, 166; boundary agreement (1991) 61-2, 82-3, 146-7, 166; diplomacy following 1969 conflict 68-9; historical background 62, 64; maps 63, 74;1969 conflict 66-8, 75-6; prelude to conflict 1963-1969 61,

64-6, 68, 150; rapprochement (1986-1991)61,79-83, 160; ratification and demarcation issues 83-8; resumption of border talks (1969) 61,69-72; stalemate in negotiations (1970-1986) 72-3, 75, 93 Zheng He 3 Zheng Zhaoyuan 110 Zhirinovsky, Vladimir 87 Zhongsha Islands 131,135 Zhou Enlai 68, 69-70, 72, 73, 77, 78, 94, 100-11
passim,
126, 158, 160,165 Zyuganov, Gennady 87