Authors: Philip Dwyer

Citizen Emperor (158 page)

BOOK: Citizen Emperor

5.55Mb size Format: txt, pdf, ePub

ads

55 .	Fox to Talleyrand, 20 February 1806, in Papers Relative to the Discussion with France in the Year 1806 (London, 1807), pp. 3–5; Thibaudeau, Le Consulat et l’Empire , v. pp. 376–7; Lentz, Nouvelle histoire du Premier Empire , i. pp. 224–35.

56 .	Talleyrand to Fox, 1 April 1806, in Papers Relative to the Discussion with France in 1806 , pp. 12–17.

57 .	Schroeder, Transformation of European Politics , pp. 296–8.

58 .	Christopher Clark, Iron Kingdom: The Rise and Downfall of Prussia, 1600–1947 (London, 2006), p. 300.

59
.

Adolf Wohlwill, ‘Aktenstücke zur Rumboldschen Angelegenheit’,
Zeitschrift des Vereins für Hamburgische Geschichte
, 7 (l881), 387–400; Adolf Wohlwill, ‘Fernere Aktenstücke zur Rumboldschen Angelegenheit’,
Zeitschrift des Vereins für Hamburgische Geschichte
, 8 (1886), 192–207. For the implications of the Rumbold affair see Simms,
The Impact of Napoleon
, pp. 159–68.

60 .	Simms, The Impact of Napoleon , pp. 191–201; Kagan, The End of the Old Order , pp. 323–7, 377–8, 535–47.

61 .	Corr. xi. nos. 9316, 9326, 9342 (2, 3 and 5 October 1805); Leopold von Ranke, Denkwürdigkeiten des Staatskanzlers Fürsten von Hardenberg , 5 vols (Leipzig, 1877), ii. pp. 279–83; Bailleu (ed.), Preußen und Frankreich , ii. pp. 394–6 (9 October 1805).

62 .	Marbot, Mémoires , i. pp. 282–3; Jackson, The Diaries and Letters , i. pp. 335–6, 344–5.

63 .	Simms, The Impact of Napoleon , pp. 207–24.

64 .	The Franco-Prussian alliance, or the Treaty of Schönbrunn, was later transformed into the Treaty of Paris.

65
.

Haugwitz to Lucchesini, in Bailleu (ed.),
Preußen und Frankreich
, ii. p. 468 (15 June 1806); Brendan Simms, ‘The Road to Jena: Prussian High Politics 1804–6’,
German History
,
12:3
(1994), 374–94, here 386; and on the political debate around the alliance with France, Simms,
The Impact of Napoleon
, pp. 207–24, 231–40, 280–5.

66
.

F. M. Kircheisen, ‘Pourquoi la guerre éclata en 1806 entre la France et la Prusse?’,
Revue d’histoire diplomatique
, 43 (1929), 237–50, far too sympathetic to Napoleon. See Stamm-Kuhlmann,
König in Preußens großer Zeit
, pp. 214–19; Schroeder,
Transformation of European Politics
, pp. 302–10; Simms,
The Impact of Napoleon
, pp. 291–303; Simms, ‘The Road to Jena’, 390–1.

67 .	Simms, The Impact of Napoleon , pp. 291–6; Simms, ‘The Road to Jena’, 374–94.

68 .	Stamm-Kuhlmann, König in Preußens großer Zeit , p. 226.

69 .	Cited in Lothar Kittstein, Politik im Zeitlater der Revolution: Untersuchungen zur preußischen Staatlichkeit 1792–1807 (Stuttgart, 2003), p. 285 (Lucchesini to Haugwitz, 22 July 1806, Geheimes Staatsarchiv Preußischer Kulturbesitz, I Rep. 11 Nr. 89 Fasc. 409).

70 .	Lecestre (ed.), Lettres inédites , i. pp. 73–6 (12 September 1806).

71 .	Reference to the ‘system’ in Corr. xiii. n. 10765 (12 September 1805).

72 .	Lecestre (ed.), Lettres inédites , i. p. 74 (12 September 1806).

73 .	Gunther Rothenberg, ‘The Origins, Causes, and Extension of the Wars of the French Revolution and Napoleon’, Journal of Interdisciplinary History , 18 (1988), 772.

74
.

The Confederation of the Rhine was created in July 1806, and was composed of sixteen south and west German states. The Holy Roman Empire ceased to exist from that date. See Jean Tulard, ‘Napoléon et la Confédération du Rhin’, in Eberhard Weis and Elisabeth Müller-Luckner (eds),
Reformen im rheinbündischen Deutschland
(Munich, 1984), pp. 1–4.

75 .	Peter Paret, ‘Jena and Auerstedt’, in Paret, Understanding War , pp. 85–92.

76 .	James J. Sheehan, German History: 1770–1866 (Oxford, 1989), p. 295.

77 .	Friedrich Carl Ferdinand von Müffling, The Memoirs of Baron von Müffling: A Prussian Officer in the Napoleonic Wars (London, 1997), p. 14.

78 .	Olaf Jessen, ‘Preußens Napoleon’? Ernst von Rüchel, 1754–1823: Krieg im Zeitalter der Venunft (Paderborn, 2007), pp. 263–4.

79 .	Stamm-Kuhlmann, König in Preußens großer Zeit , p. 233.

80 .	Telp, The Evolution of Operational Art , p. 62.

81 .	Barrès, Souvenirs , pp. 69–70; Robert Ouvrard (ed.), Avec Napoléon à Iéna et Auerstaedt: la campagne de Prusse par ceux qui l’ont vécue: 1806 (Paris, 2006), pp. 124–6, 128; Coignet, Note-Books , pp. 131–2.

82 .	Hegel to Friedrich Immanuel Niethammer, in Johannes Hoffmeister (ed.), Briefe von und an Hegel , 4 vols (Hamburg, 1952), i. p. 120 (13 October 1806); Paret, The Cognitive Challenge of War , pp. 21–2.

83 .	Corr. xiii. n. 10989 (12 October 1806).

84 .	On the battle of Jena see Chandler, Campaigns of Napoleon , pp. 467–502; Henry Houssaye, Iéna et la campagne de 1806 (Paris, 1912, reprinted 1991); Henry Lachouque, Iéna (Paris, 1962); Paret, The Cognitive Challenge of War , pp. 16–32.

85 .	Alfred-Armand-Robert de Saint-Chamans, Mémoires du général Cte de Saint-Chamans, ancien aide de camp du maréchal Soult, 1802–1832 (Paris, 1896), p. 39.

86
.

Esdaile,
Napoleon’s Wars
, p. 269. On Davout and Auerstädt see Comte Vigier,
Davout, maréchal d’empire, duc d’Auerstaedt, prince d’Eckmühl (1770–1823)
, 2 vols (Paris, 1898), i. pp. 187–230; John G. Gallaher,
The Iron Marshal: A Biography of Louis N. Davout
(London, 2000), pp. 116–50; Frédéric Hulot,
Le maréchal Davout
(Paris, 2002), pp. 84–104; Pierre Charrier,
Le maréchal Davout
(Paris, 2005), pp. 159–218.

87
.

Figures necessarily vary between Davout’s 66,000 Prussians (Louis Nicolas
Davout,
Opérations du 3e corps, 1806–1807: rapport du maréchal Davout, duc d’Auerstaedt
(Paris, 1896), pp. 30–1) and Clausewitz’s 45,000 (Carl von Clausewitz,
Notes sur la Prusse dans sa grande catastrophe
,
1806
, trans. from the German by A. Niessel (Paris, 1903), p. 148).