City of God (Penguin Classics) (194 page)

47
. cf. Bk VIII, 4.

48
. The philosophers of the ‘Second Academy’ who followed Arcesilaus of Pitane (
c
. 315–240
B.C
.) in adopting the scepticism of Pyrrhon of Elis; cf. Bk IV, 30n.

49
. cf. the argument of Descartes,
Cogito ergo sum
, ‘I think, therefore I exist.’

50
. cf. Donne,
Nocturnol on St Lucy’s Day
, 33f., ‘Yea plants, yea stones detest,/And love …’

51
. cf Luke 15, 17.

52
. cf. ch. 7.

53
. i.e. the
logos
(‘word’ or “reason’, cf. ‘wisdom’ in the preceding paragraph). The Stoics, from who the Logos doctrine of the Christian Fathers was, in part, derived, distinguished the
immanent in God, from the
externalized as the agent of creation. It is the latter which is generally designated the personal ‘Word’, the Second Person of the Trinity, while the denotation of the former shifts between the personal
Logos
and the
logos
as an attribute of God.

54
. Wisd. 11, 21. On the significance of numbers cf. Bk XV, 20; XVII, 4; XX, 5; 7.

55
. cf. ch. 7.

56
. Prov. 24, 16.

57
. Ps. 119,164; 34, 2.

58
. Is. 11, 2; John 16,13.

59
. 1 Cor. 13, 9f.

60
. John 8, 25; cf. Bk X, 24 and n.

61
. Ps. 104, 24.

62
. Matt. 22, 30.

63
. Matt., 18, 10.

64
. 2 Pet. 2, 4.

65
. Eph. 5, 8.

66
. Ps. 97, 7.

67
. Matt 4, 9.

68
. Jas. 4,6; 1 Pet 5, 5.

69
. cf. Job 40, 14; ch. 15.

70
. 1 Thess. 5, 5.

71
. cf. ch. 32.

72
. Ps. 95, 5.

1
. cf. Bk XI, 9; 33; 34.

2
. Exod. 3, 14.

3
. cf. Exod. 8–10.

4
. e.g. the salamander; cf. Bk XXI, 4.

5
. cf. Bk XIX, 12; 13.

6
. Ecclus. 10, 13.

7
. cf. Ps. 59, 9.

8
. Ps. 19,12 (‘Who can detect his failings?).

9
. cf.2 Cor.1,12.

10
. cf.Bk XI,13.

11
. Rom 5,5.

12
. Ps.73,28.

13
. cf.Rom.12,1;Bk X, 16.

14
. cf.Eph.2,19–22.

15
. cf.Bk XIII,8.

16
. cf.Mark 14,9.

17
. cf.Bk XII,11.

18
. cf.Bk XI,4.

19
. De
Deo Socr.
, 4.

20
. cf.Plat, Tim.,22c,23c;Cic,
De
Nat.
Deor.
, 2,118(the Stoic doctrine).

21
. St Augustine is probably following Eusebius, whose
Chronicle
gives 5,611 years from the creation to Alaric’s capture of Rome.

22
. cf.Bk VIII,5:27.

23
. cf.Bk IV,6 (1,240 years-following Euseb. Chron.); Bk XVIII, 21 (1,305 years - including Belus).

24
. So Velleius Paterculus (1,6); Justin, (33,2) gives 924 years.

25
. Curtius (De Gest. Alex., 4,14, 20) and Jerome (Com.
in
Dan., 0) both give 230 years.

26
. cf.Bk xv,12.

27
. cf.ch.9.

28
. Heraclitus and the Stoics.

29
. Anaximander, Democritus, Epicurus, cf. Lucr. 2, 1023–1174.

30
. cf.ch.10.

31
. cf.Bk XI, 5.

32
. cf.Plat., Tim., 28B.

33
. The Neoplatonists, e.g. Plotinus.

34
. e.g.the Platonic ‘Great Year’; cf.
Tim.
, 39D;Cic, De Nat.
Deor.
, 2,5if.

35
. e.g.Origen;cf.De Princ.,3, 5, 3.

36
. Ecc L 1,9f.

37
. Rom.6,9.

38
.1 Thess.4,17.

39
. Ps.12,7.

40
. Ps.12, 9. (In the Latin versions derived from the Septuagint. The Hebrew reads: ‘The wicked prowl on every side.’)

41
.1 Cor.2,10.

42
. Ps.12,7.

43
. Ps.12,8.(In the Latin versions. The Hebrew reads: ‘baseness is exalted among men.’)

44
. Wisd.9,13ff

45
. cf.Bk XI,9.

46
. cf.
Conf.
, 11,23.

47
. cf.Bk XI,6.

48
. cf.
Conf.
, 11,13–16.

49
. Rom.12,3.(But the Greek word translated as ‘be wiser’means ‘think more highly of yourself.’

50
. Tit 1, if. (But the Greek means ‘ages ago’ rather than ‘before eternal times’.)

51
. cf.ch.14.

52
. e.g.Arist, Met.,14;cf.ch.19.

53
. Ps.iz,8;cf.ch.14.

54
.2 Cor.10,12.

55
. cf.Tim.,35f.

56
. Wisd.11,20.

57
. Is.40,26(lxx).

58
. Matt.10,30.

59
. Ps.147.5.

60
. Fs.148,4.The Hebrew word for ‘heaven’is plural in form.

61
. cf.Matt.25.46.

62
. cf.Bk XIII,10.

63
. cf.Cic, De Am., 6, 59.

64
. cf.John 14,6.

65
. cf.ch.14.

66
. ch.30.

67
. These two possibilities were debated by the Neoplatonists.

68
. cf.Bk XIII, I;3.In opposition to the Pelagians, who taught that death is natural to man, and not the result of sin.

69
. cf.Bk XIV,1.

70
. cf.Gen.2,22.

71
. A commonplace of classical authors; cf. Hor.,
Epod.
, 7, 11f; Plin., 7, 1, 5; Juvenal 1 ;, 15aft; Sen.,
De Clem.
, 1, 26; Ep., 95, 31.

72
. cf. Rom. 8,15; Gal.
4
, 5.

73
.1 Cor.15,26.74.cf.Ps.133,1.

74
. cf. Ps. 133, 1.

75
. cf.Gen.1,26f.

76
. cf.Gen.2,7.

77
. Gen.,21f.

78
. The Epicurean doctrine.

79
. cf.Hat, Tim.,41c

80
.1er.23,24.

81
. Wisd.8,1.

82
.1Cor.3,7.

83
.1 Cor. 15,38.

84
. Jer.1,
5.

85
. cf.Gen.30,37f.

86
. cf.Bk xi,6; xn,16.

87
. cf.ch.25.

88
. cf.Bk x,29;xxn,12;xxii,26–8.

89
. cf.Bk x,30;xin,19.

90
. cf.Tim.,30D;92c.

91
. cf.Tim.,308-D;Rp.,597 B; c.

92
. cf.Gen.2,22ft;Matt.19.5; Eph- 4,28:31cf.ch.22;23.

93
. Ps.46,8

94
. cf.6k xxn,17.

95
. Ps.25,10.

1
. cf. Bk XII, 22.

2
. cf. Rev. 2, II; 20, 6; 20, 14; 21, 8.

3
. Matt 10, 28.

4
. cf. Bk XIX, 28.

5
. Ps. 49, 12; 20.

6
. Published in 412. The full title is
De Peccatorum Meritis
et
Remissione et de Baptismo Parvulorum
.

7
. cf.
De Pecc
.
Mer
.
et Rem
., 3, 31; 34; cf. Rom. 8, 24; Heb. 11, 1.

8
. Tit. 3, 5.

9
. 1 Cor. 15, 56.