City of God (Penguin Classics) (192 page)

Iamblichus (d.
c
.
A
.
D
. 325): Syrian mystic, pupil of Porphyry. Part of his account of Pythagoreanism survives; cf. Bk VII, 25n.

33
. cf. Bk IV, 2n.

34
. cf.
Rp
., 4,716D-717B; 8,828A-D.

35
. cf. Rp., 2, 379A.

36
. cf. Bk II, 14.

37
. cf. Bk IV, 26.

38
. cf. Bk II, 11.

39
. cf. Eph. 2,2.

40
. cf. Bk IV, 2.

41
. cf. Plat., Apol., 31D.

42
.
Tim
., 32B; cf. ch. 11.

43
.
De Deo Socr
., 3.

44
.
De Deo Socr
., 12; 14.

45
.
De Deo Socr
., 6.

46
.
De Deo Socr
., 13.

47
.
De Deo Socr
., 7; 8

48
.
Contrary to reason
. According to Cicero (
Tusc
.
Disp
., 4, 6, 11), Zeno denned a disturbance (a
pathos
, as he termed it) as something opposed to right reason, contrary to the nature of the mind that is affected by it

49
.
De Deo Socr
., 13.

50
.
De Deo Socr
., 12.

51
. Plat,
Symp
., 203A; cf. Apul.,
De Deo Socr
., 4; 6.

52
. Virg.,
Aen
., 7, 338.

53
. Virg.,
Aen
., 4,492f.

54
. Virg.,
Ecl
., 8, 98.

55
. Cic,
De Leg.;
Plin., 28, 2,17.

56
. Apologia (
De Magia
) .

57
. cf. Plat,
Symp.
, 203 A, quoted in ch. 18.

58
.
Hermes Trismegistus
: a legendary figure, to whom various religio-philosophical works (
Hermetica
) were attributed in the second century. A Latin version of one of them,
Ascleptus
, was wrongly ascribed to Apuleius.

59
.
Asclep
., 23.

60
.
Asclep
., 23.

61
.
Asclep
., 24.

62
. Rom. 1, 21ff.

63
. Ps. 49, 20.

64
. Jer. 16, 20.

65
. Zech. 13, 2.

66
. Is. 19, 1.

67
. Luke 2, 25; 36–38; 1, 41ff.

68
. Matt.16, 16.

69
. Matt. 8, 29, (cf. Bk
IX
, 21).

70
. Eph., 4, 14.

71
. Asclep., 37.

72
. Ps. 96, 1.

73
. cf. 1 Pet. 2, 5.

74
. Ps. 115, 5.

75
. 1 Cor. 10, 20.

76
. Ps. 96, 1ff.

77
. Jer. 16, 20.

78
. cf. Col. 1, 16.

79
. cf. Phil. 3, 19; Col. 3, 2.

80
. Asclep., 24; cf. ch. 23.

81
. Asclep., 37.

82
. cf. Bk
VI
, 10n.

83
. Cyprian, bishop of Carthage, martyred
A.D.
258.

84
. cf.
Conf
., 6, 2. By the second century the Christian
agape
, a holy meal of fellowship, seems to have become a funeral feast, like the pagan
silicernium
, or a memorial supper at the tomb of a departed Christian.

85
. cf. Bk
VI
, 10n.

86
. cf. ch. 5; Bk
XII
, 11.

1
. cf. Lact, Div. Inst., 2, 14, 6; 4, 27, 14f.

2
.
Il
, 1, 222. But
means ‘divine power’ and can be used of any divine or semi-divine being. The pejorative sense of ‘demon’ comes in with Christian writers.

3
. Apul.,
De Deo Socr
., 4 (cf. Plat,
Symp
., 203
A
).

4
.
De Deo Socr
., 12.

5
. cf. Bk
VIII
, 17.

6
.
Aulus Gellius
. After spending his youth in Rome, Gellius went to Athens c. 140, where he studied philosophy and compiled his
Nodes Atticae
, a kind of ‘commonplace book’, a collection of brief essays and miscellaneous pieces of information.

7
. 19, 1.

8
. cf. Bk
VIII
, 3.

9
.
Epictetus
(c.
A.D.
60–140). His doctrines are recorded by Arrian in the
Diatribas
and the
Enchiridion.

10
.
Zeno
of Citium (
fl. c
. 300
B.C.
) founded the Stoic school; cf. n. on Bk
XIV
, 2. Chrysippus (
c
. 280–204
B.C.
) was the third head of the Stoics. He completed and systematized their teachings.

11
.
Aen
., 4, 449 (‘the tears’ are Dido’s).

12
. cf. Seneca (
De Clem
., 2, 5): ‘Compassion is the vice of a feeble soul.’

13
. Pro Lig., 12, 37.

14
.
De Or
., 1, 11, 47.

15
. cf. ch. 3.

16
.
De Deo Socr
., 10; cf. Hom.
Il
., 1, 195ff.

17
.
De Deo Socr
., 13; cf. Bk
VIII
, 17.

18
.
Cat
., 1, 2.

19
. Enn 4, 3, 12.

20
.
De Deo Socr
., 15.

21
.
De Deo Socr
., 22.

22
. cf. ch. 8.

23
.
De Deo Socr
., 4.

24
. cf. ch. 8.

25
. cf. ch. 11.

26
. The Stoics.

27
. Phil. 2, 7.

28
. Heb.2,7(Ps.8, 5).

29
. Phil. 2, 6.

30
.
De Deo Socr., 4
(cf. Plat,
Symp.
, 203A).

31
. cf. Tim., 28c.

32
. Apul.,
De Deo Socr.
, 3.

33
. Apul., De Deo Socr., 3, 33.

34
.
De Deo Socr., 2.

35
. Virg.,
Georg.
, 1, 5f.

36
. Enn., 1, 6, 8; 1, 2, 3 (conflated and freely rendered).

37
.1 Tim: 2, 5.

38
. cf. Bk II, 11.

39
. cf. Plat.,
Crat.
, 398B (deriving
daimôn
from daemon, ‘knowing’).

40
.1 Cor. 8,1.

41
. Mark 1, 24; Matt. 8,29.

42
. Matt. 4,11.

43
. Tim. 40.

44
. Ps. 50, 1.

45
. Ps. 136, 2.

46
. Ps. 95, 3.

47
. Ps. 96, 4.

48
. Ps. 96, 4.

49
. Mark 1, 24.

50
. Ps. 82, 6.

51
.1 Cor. 8, 5f.

1
. Rom. 1, 21.

2
. cf. Col. 1, 16.

3
. Eph. 6, 5.

4
. Virg.,
Aen.
, 1,12.

5
. cf. 2 Chron. 30,9; Ecclus. 2,13; Judith 7,20.

6
. cf. ch. 3.

7
. John 1, 6ff.

8
. lohn 1,16.

9
. Rom. 1,21.

10
. cf. 1 Cor. 3, 16f.

11
. cf. Hebr. 12,4.

12
. cf. Ps. 116,15.

13
. cf. Retract, 2, 13, 19, where St Augustine prefers a derivation from
religare
, ‘to bind’, cf. ch. 1.

14
. Matt 22, 37f.

15
.’cf.’ Ps. 73. 28.

16
. Exod. 22, 20.

17
. Gen. 4, 4f.

18
. Ps. 16, 2.

19
. Ps. 51, 18f.

20
. Ps. 50,12f.

21
. Mic. 6, 6f.

22
. Hebr. 13, 16.

23
. Hos. 6, 6.

24
. Matt. 22,40.

25
. cf. Rom. 6,11.

26
. Ecclus. 30, 23.

27
. cf. Rom. 6, 16f.

28
. Rom. 12, 1.

29
. Ps. 73,28.

30
. Phil. 2,7.

31
. Rom. 3f,

32
. Ps. 87, 3.

33
. cf. Gal. 3,19.

34
. Exod. 22, 20.

35
. Gen. 15, 17; cf.
Retract.
, 2, 69, 3. St Augustine corrects himself; this was a vision, not a miracle.

36
. cf. Serm., 8;
Enarr. in Ps.
, 77,17.

37
. cf. Adv. Faust. Man., 12, 30.

38
. 2 Kings 18,4.

39
.
Theurgy:
divination bringing man into contact with deity either by raising the visionary in an ecstasy, 01 by bringing down the divinity by means of magical aits.