Claudette Colvin (23 page)

Every effort has been made to trace the copyright holders, and we apologize for any unintentional omissions. We would be pleased to insert the appropriate acknowledgment in any subsequent edition of this book.

Courtesy of Alabama Department of Archives and History, Montgomery, Alabama,
46
,
117

AP/Wide World Photos,
56
,
118
(top) (Gene Herrick, photographer),
96

Daisy Bates Collection, photo #192 (Arthur Freeman, photographer), Special Collections, University of Arkansas Libraries, Fayetteville,
38

Courtesy of Birmingham Public Library Department of Archives and Manuscripts, (empty bus, 1556.30.47)
2
,
114
(top), (crowded bus, 1556.49.59)
28
,
105
, (Fred Gray, 1102.2.51A.55)
43

Courtesy of Alean Bowser,
22
,
24
,
113

Courtesy of Claudette Colvin,
68
(bottom)

Courtesy of the Colvin and Gadson family,
10
,
114
(bottom)

Don Cravens / Time & Life Pictures / Getty Images,
42
,
67
(left),
67
(right),
70
,
86

Carl Iwasaki / Time & Life Pictures / Getty Images,
26
(bottom)

Jim Crow Museum at Ferris State University,
6
(bottom),
16
(bottom),
20
,
115
,
125

Library of Congress,
4
(left),
4
(right),
6
(top),
13
,
16
(top),
41
,
53
,
109

Courtesy of the Martin Luther King, Jr. Research and Education Institute, Stanford University,
48

The City of Montgomery,
33
(right)

Montgomery Advertiser
,
36
,
61
,
64
,
68
(top),
74
,
78
,
90
,
97
,
100
(Mickey Welsh, photographer),
104
(Mickey Welsh, photographer),
116
,
118
(bottom),
119
,
121

Montgomery County Archives,
81

Courtesy of Annie L. Price, a childhood friend of Claudette Colvin,
18
,
123

Courtesy of St. Jude Educational Institute, Montgomery, Alabama,
54

Courtesy of Jeanne Smiley,
26
(top)

Spencer Museum of Art, The University of Kansas, Gift of Marion Palfi,
5

Troy University's Rosa Parks Library & Museum,
33
(left)

Courtesy of Penny Weaver,
93

Abernathy, Ralph,
4
,
44
,
62
,
96
,
98
,
99

Africa,
27
,
51

Alabama Journal
,
46
,
47

Alabama State College (ASC),
8
,
25
,
27
,
37
,
59
,
84
,
99

boycott flyers produced at,
58

Claudette at,
102

Gray at,
42

Women's Political Council members from faculty of,
38
,
48

Angelou, Maya,
57

Army, U.S.,
15

Articles of Confederation,
25

Atlanta, segregated buses in,
7

Austin, C. P. (Claudette's biological father),
11

Baby Tell,
12
,
13
,
93

Bailey, Pearl,
26

Baines, Annie Ruth,
12
–14

Baptist Center,
68

Baskin, Inez,
96

Baton Rouge, bus boycott in,
39

Bell Street Baptist Church,
90
,
98

Bible,
13
,
14
,
25
,
93

Birmingham,
62
–63

segregated buses in,
28

Black History Month,
see
Negro History Week

bombings

of boycott leaders' homes,
71
,
78
,
80
,
98

of churches,
90
,
98

Booker T. Washington High School,
20
–27,
29
,
40
,
50

expulsion of Claudette from,
60
,
92
,
103

Negro History Week at,
9
,
27
,
30

remembrance of fiftieth anniversary of bus boycott at,
100
,
101
–3

testimony at Claudette's trial of students from,
43
–44

Bowser, Alean,
51
,
67
–68,
113

Bradley, Mamie,
53

Brooks (victim of police shooting),
9

Browder, Aurelia,
82
,
84
,
97

Browder, Manervia,
97

Browder v. Gayle
(1956),
77
–89,
91
–93,
95
,
102
,
105
–6,
120
n

aftermath of,
95
–96,
97
,
97
–98

Gray's initiation of,
71
–74

Brown, Linda,
26
,
27

Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
(1954),
9
,
26
,
27
,
55
,
71
,
80
,
102

bus boycott,
39
,
47
–48,
57
–63,
65
–71,
67
,
74
,
94
–96

fiftieth anniversary remembrance of,
100
,
101
–103

free-ride transportation system during,
39
,
66
–69,
68
,
70
,
71
,
94

indictment of leaders of,
81
,
81
–82

lawsuit brought during,
see Browder v. Gayle

mass meetings during,
61
,
61
–62,
64
,
66
,
69
,
74
,
92

media coverage of,
68

Parks's arrest as catalyst for,
57
–61

preparations for,
47
,
53
,
54

trial of leaders of,
94
–95

violence against,
69
,
71
,
78
,
80
,
94
,
98

walkers during,
67
,
67
–69,
71

white support of,
68
,
69

Carnes, Edward,
120
n

Carper, Katherine,
26

Carter, Eugene,
49
,
94
,
95

churches,
4
,
23
,
40
,
44
,
66

bombing of,
90
,
98

for elite versus working poor blacks,
48
,
59

mass meetings in,
61
,
64
,
65
,
92

white,
15

Citizens Coordinating Committee,
44

Civil War,
83

Colbert, Claudette,
11

Columbia University,
25

Colvin, Claudette,
10
,
18
,
22
,
36

adopted by Mary Ann and Q.P.,
11

ambitions of,
26
,
27

arrest of,
9
,
29
–35,
33
,
37
,
39
–40,
43
,
51
,
55
,
57
,
58
,
63
,
71
,
85
–87,
105

birth of,
11

during bus boycott,
60
–61,
68
–69

childhood in Pine Level of,
3
,
11
–15

children of,
75
,
79
,
89
,
92
–93,
99
,
102

conviction and appeal of,
45
,
46
,
47
,
48
–49,
94

death of sister of,
18
–19,
21
,
22

experiences of segregation described by,
16
–18

expulsion from high school of,
60
,
92
,
103

at fiftieth anniversary remembrance of bus boycott,
100
,
101
–3

hair and skin color of,
22
,
50
–51,
53

in high school,
18
,
21
–22,
25
–27,
45
,
50
–51

impact of Reeves case on,
23
–25,
27

interviews with,
106
–7

in junior high school,
18

juvenile court hearing of,
40
,
41
,
44
–45

King's conversation with,
99

moves to Montgomery,
15

in NAACP youth group,
41
–42,
51
–52

in New York,
102
,
106

organization of support for,
40
,
48
–49

as plaintiff in lawsuit,
73
–75,
79
–80,
83
,
85
–89,
92
–93,
105
–6

pregnancy of,
59
–60,
62
–63,
69
,
73
,
92

relationship with older man of,
52
–53

restaurant jobs of,
98

on segregation today,
103
–4

Women's Political Council and,
47
,
48

Colvin, Delphine (Claudette's sister),
10
,
11
,
15
,
17
–19,
21
,
22
,
50

Colvin, Mary Ann (Claudette's mother),
3
,
11
,
15
–19,
50
,
74
,
93
,
102
,
103

during bus boycott,
60
,
68
,
69
,
92

after Claudette's arrest,
34

during Claudette's pregnancy,
59
–60,
62
–63

and lawsuit against city of Montgomery,
73
,
79
,
89

as maid for white family,
34
,
51
,
68
,
92

moves to Montgomery,
15

in Pine Level,
11
–13

Colvin, Q. P. (Claudette's father),
11
,
15
–19,
86
,
93
,
98
,
102

during bus boycott,
68
,
68
,
69
,
92

after Claudette's arrest,
34

at Claudette's juvenile court hearing,
44

during Claudette's pregnancy,
63

and lawsuit against city of Montgomery,
73
,
79

moves to Montgomery,
15

in Pine Level,
11

Colvin, Randy (Claudette's son),
102

Colvin, Raymond (Claudette's son),
75
,
79
,
89
,
92
,
93
,
99
,
102

Colvin, Velma (Claudette's sister),
11
,
34
,
62
–63,
75
,
93
,
99
,
102

Communists,
74

Constitution, U.S.,
25
,
30
,
71
,
82

Fourteenth Amendment,
80
,
83
,
91
,
92

cross burnings,
53

Davis, Angela,
21

Davis, Sammy, Jr.,
26

Dexter Avenue Baptist Church,
23
,
40
,
48
,
59

Dickerson-Waheed, William,
77

Durr, Clifford,
58
,
69

Durr, Virginia,
49
,
58
,
69