Cleopatra (47 page)

Parthia
169

king of
143

Parthian campaign

Antony captures Samosata (Samsat)
160

becomes a humiliating disaster
164

Parthian empire
4
,
145

Parthians
47
,
158
,
161
,
165

‘Partners in Death, The’ drinking club
182

Pasherenptah III
11
,
30
,
44
,
141–2

Passover
77

pastoral mode
82

Paulina, Lollia
154

peasants
15
,
47

Pedibastet III
142

Pedius, Quintus
107

Pelusium
37
,
49
,
50
,
52
,
53
,
57
,
95
,
97
,
158
,
184

Penthesilea
208

Per-Ramesses (Tell ed Daba)
71

Pergamon
172

Persia
168

see also
Iran

Persians

Egyptian dislike of
219

Jews’ friendly attitude towards
77

invasion of Egypt (343)
143

Perusia (Perugia)
158
,
159

Petersen, Wolfgang
216

Petesenufe, Scribe of the Book of Isis
139

Petesouchos
248
n
18

Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology, London
68

Phamenoth
42

Pharmaces II
103

Pharos island
72
,
80
,
81
,
95
,
212

fort of Sultan Qait Bey
81

lighthouse
81
,
91
,
104
,
213
,
223

Pharsalus, Thessaly
49

Philadelphos (a goddess)
135

Philadelphos of Paphlagonia
177

Philae
126
,
139
,
205

temple of Isis
136
,
223
,
244
n
21

kiosk of Nectanebo I
244
n
21

Philip II of Macedon
220

Philip III Arrhidaeos, King of Egypt (323–316)
220
,
221

Philip (Pompey’s freedman)
50
,
51

Philista
161

Philotera
223

Phoenecia
162

Phraates IV of Parthia
257
n
4

Pinarius, Lucius
107

Piraeus
114

Pisaurum (modern Pesaro, Umbria)
175

Plancus, L. Munatius
153
,
156
,
171–2
,
254
n
20

Plato
131
,
162

Pliny the Elder
88
,
91
,
152
,
153
,
154

Plutarch
28
,
32–3
,
37
,
48
,
49
,
53
,
54
,
58
,
63
,
71–2
,
96
,
125
,
145
,
146
,
147
,
149–52
,
155
,
156
,
161–2
,
165
,
175
,
177
,
178
,
179
,
183
,
186
,
187
,
188
,
192
,
194
,
209

Life of Antony
7
,
100–101

Life of Caesar
100

Of Isis and Osiris
115–17

Parallel Lives
209–10
,
213–14

Polemon of Pontus
177

Pollux
248
n
18

Polybius
210

History
85

polygamy
26–7

Pompeia (Caesar’s second wife)
56

Pompey, Gnaeus
47
,
50
,
170

Pompey the Great (Gnaeus Pompeius)
56
,
148
,
150
,
170
,
200
,
209

accepts a golden crown from Auletes
34

‘first triumvirate’
34

Auletes stays at his villa
35

offers to support Auletes
36

and Auletes’s will
39–40
,
49

loses battle at Pharsalus
49

flees to Egypt
49–50

assassinated in Egypt
51
,
237

ashes returned to his wife
51

Caesar and Pompey’s severed head
51
,
80

Pompey, Sextus
49
,
144
,
161
,
164
,
171

‘Pompey’s Pillar’, Alexandria
90

Pontus
103

Porphyrius of Tyre
35
,
36

Pothinos
46
,
49
,
52–3
,
95
,
96

prenomen
119

priests
15
,
17
,
126
,
127
,
203

princesses (‘king’s daughters’)
26

Proculeius, Gaius
187

Propertius, Sextus
197–8
,
208

psylli
(Libyan snake-charmers)
191

Ptah (creator god)
11
,
30
,
43
,
70
,
89
,
129
,
130

Ptolemaia (four-yearly Dionysiac festival)
86–7

Ptolemais (daughter of Ptolemy I)
222

Ptolemais Hormou (el-Mansha, near Sohag)
18–19
,
134
,
222
,
242
n

Ptolemy I Soter I (Saviour), King of Egypt (304–284)
10
,
12
,
81

family background
75
,
221

Cleopatra as a direct descendant
29

Macedonian general
221

captures Bessus
221

campaigns in India
221

coronation
75
,
221

appearance
62
,
221–2

imaginative economist and competent scholar
222

establishes Alexandria Museion and its library
222

family life
222–3

encourages immigration
18
,
77

development of Alexandria
77
,
90

Ptolomaeae
86
,
87

and Serapis
88
,
89

develops link between royal family and gods
133

temple building and restoration
133

deified
133

Mendes Stela
135

Ptolemy II Philadelphos (Brother-Loving), King of Egypt (285–246)
10
,
25
,
32
,
67
,
163

co-regent alongside Ptolemy I
223

sporadic foreign campaigns
223

refines taxation structure
223

building works
88
,
126
,
223–4

marriage to Arsinoë II
46
,
133
,
224
,
225

royal cults
38
,
224

commissions a history of Egypt
224

an inveterate womaniser
84–5

dynastic obelisk
91

designated a living god
134

plays a joke on Sosibios
156–7

Cleopatra regains his lost eastern empire
162

Ptolemy III Euergetes (Benefactor), King of Egypt (246–221)
10
,
25
,
161
,
224
,
226

building achievements
90
,
126
,
225

series of native uprisings at end of his reign
14
,
225

Ptolemy IV Philopator (Father-Loving), King of Egypt (221–205)
77
,
78

married to his younger sister, Arsinoë III
226

his mistress Agathoclea
226

defends Egypt against Antiochos III
226

improves and extends temples
226

an enthusiastic scholar
226

deeply unpopular
226–7

native revolts during his reign
14
,
227

his magnificent barge
99–100

Adonis
226

Ptolemy V Epiphanes (Manifest God), King of Egypt (205–180)

guardians of
227

rebellion in the Delta
227

agreement with the Egyptian priesthood
227–8

marriage to Cleopatra I
25
,
228

southern uprisings
14

loss of many foreign territories
228

death
136
,
228

Ptolemy VI Philometor (Mother-Loving), King of Egypt (180–164, 163–145)
137

regents for
136
,
229

triumvirate of Ptolemies VI and VIII with Cleopatra II
229

captured by Antiochos IV
229

rival courts
229

distracted by civil unrest
229

flees to Rome, then Cyprus
229

returns to rule with Cleopatra II
230

temple restorations
230

regains many of Egypt’s lost territories
230

dies in battle in Syria
230
,
231

Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator (New Father-Loving), King of Egypt (145)
230
,
232

Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II (Benefactor): ‘Physcon’ (Pot-Belly) or ‘Kakergetes’ (Malefactor), King of Egypt (170–163,
145–116
)
11
,
38
,
62
,
126

rules Egypt with Ptolemy VI and Cleopatra II
137
,
229
,
230

seizes the throne and rules with Cleopatra II
229
,
230

Alexandrian mob turns against him
229–30

highly unpopular king of Cyrenaica
230

friendship with Rome
230–31

attempted assassination
231

purges the Museion and Library of Alexandria
83
,
231

marries his widowed sister and murders her son
230
,
231–2

ménage à trois with Cleopatras II and III
137–8
,
231
,
232

exiled in Cyprus
231
,
232

returns to Egypt (130)
231
,
232

story of murderous elephants
77

appearance
83

donations to traditional gods
127

death and inheritance
231

Ptolemy IX Soter II (Saviour): ‘Latyros’ (Chickpea), King of Egypt (116–107, 88–81)
11
,
31
,
231

marries Cleopatra IV, then Cleopatra Selene
233

driven out by Alexandrians
78

rules Cyprus
233

returns to rule Egypt
233

death of
10
,
11

Ptolemy X Alexander I, King of Egypt (107–88)
24

murders his mother and marries his niece
233

favourable treatment of the Jews
233

seizes Alexander’s gold coffin
74