Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology (623 page)

Local annals, compiled in the early 12th century
ad
, which preserved detailed accounts of Swedish trade and settlement in Russia.

 
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Type of pottery, mainly jars, and usually in a grey fabric. During manufacture, very plastic clay was applied to the exterior of the vessel after throwing, and worked up with the fingers into rough knobs, parallel ridges, or spidery encrustations. Of the 1st and 2nd centuries
ad
, with some still being made in the 3rd century
ad
in East Anglia.

 
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A group of cereals of the genus Secale which occur in wild form in the Near East. Cultivated rye (Secale cereale) has been recognized in Anatolia from the 7th millennium
bc
, but it only became common in central and northern Europe from the Iron Age onwards.

 
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See
SOCIETY FOR AMERICAN ARCHAEOLOGY
.

 
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A widely dispersed group of terminal moraines marking the maximum southern extent of the Pleistocene ice-sheets in northern Europe and Russia. There are several phases to the deposition of the Saale within the broad period 200000 to 1200000 years ago, each representing retreats of the ice-sheets. The oldest, represented as the most eroded deposits, are known as the Drenthe moraines, or in Russia the Dnieper moraines. The more recent, well defined and less eroded, are the Warthe moraines, or in Russia the Moscow moraines.

 
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Penultimate cold stage of the north European Ice Age climatic sequence, broadly 200000 to 170000 years ago; following the
HOLSTEINIAN
and preceding the Eemian. Equivalent to the
RISS
of the Alpine sequence, the Illinosian in North America, and the Wolstonian in Britain.

 
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