Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology (9 page)

Roman general who was effective ruler of the west from about ad 430 until his assassination in ad 454. His ‘realm’ lay in Gaul, whose boundaries he maintained with the aid of Hunnic and other barbarian mercenaries, and in alliance with the Visigoths he defeated Attila's invasion of Gaul in ad 451.

 
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Late Neolithic communities in southern Siberia living around the headwaters of the Ob and Yenisei rivers during the early 3rd millennium
bc
. Reliant on breeding cattle, sheep, and horses, these communities also engaged in hunting; they do not appear to have used agriculture. The culture is best known through its burials which typically comprise groups of round barrows (kurgans), each up to 12 m in diameter with a stone kerb and covering a central pit grave containing multiple inhumations. Pottery suggests contacts with the slightly earlier
KELTAMINAR CULTURE
of the Aral and Caspian Sea area. The Afanbasievo Culture was succeeded by the
ANDRONOVO CULTURE
in the mid 2nd millennium
bc
.

 
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Upper Palaeolithic communities in south-central Siberia in the period 20000 to 10000 years ago. Distinguished on the basis of their worked stone industries which includes wedge-shaped microcores, microblades, and scrapers. The culture was defined by F. A. Abramova in 1979, drawing on material recovered in the early 20th century from a series of sites at Afontova Gora on the Yenisei River.

 
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See
HOMO SAPIENS
.

 
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The proposition that human beings think about the intentional actions they perform and the resources they need to achieve their ends. Trying to apply such thinking to archaeology has led John Barrett to suggest that archaeologists should seek to understand how people may once have lived out their lives rather than restricting their enquiries to simply interpreting the archaeological record.

 
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1
Latin name for a cambered, artificially raised causeway or ridge of consolidated earth or stone carrying a Roman road.
2
The rampart of a Roman camp.

 
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