Core Topics in General & Emergency Surgery: Companion to Specialist Surgical Practice (91 page)

BOOK: Core Topics in General & Emergency Surgery: Companion to Specialist Surgical Practice
12.58Mb size Format: txt, pdf, ePub
References

1.
Adams, T.D., Gress, R.E., Smith, S.C., et al. Long-term mortality after gastric bypass surgery.
N Engl J Med
. 2007;8:753–761.

2.
Sjöström, L., Narbro, K., Sjöström, C.D., et al, Swedish Obese Subjects Study. Effects of bariatric surgery on mortality in Swedish obese subjects.
N Engl J Med
2007;357:741–752.
17715408
A classic study and the first to show conclusively that bariatric surgery produced lasting health benefits.

3.
Pories, W.J., Swanson, M.S., MacDonald, K.G., et al, Who would have thought it? An operation proves to be the most effective therapy for adult-onset diabetes mellitus.
Ann Surg
1995;222:339–352.
7677463

4.
Monkhouse, S.J.W., Morgan, J.D.T., Norton, S.A., Complications of bariatric surgery: presentation and emergency management: a review.
Ann R Coll Surg Engl
2009;91:280–286.
19344551

5.
Kirshtein, B., Lantsberg, L., Mizrahi, S., et al, Bariatric emergencies for non-bariatric surgeons: complications of laparoscopic banding.
Obes Surg
2010;20:1468–1478.
20077030

6.
Hamdan, K., Somers, S., Chand, M., Management of late post-operative complications of bariatric surgery.
Br J Surg
2011;98:1345–1355.
21887775

7.
Tadross, J.A., le Roux, C.W. The mechanisms of weight loss after bariatric surgery.
Int J Obes (Lond)
. 2009;33(Suppl. 1):S28–S32.

8.
Canetti, L., Bachar, E., Berry, E.M. Food and emotion.
Behav Processes
. 2002;60:1–10.

9.
Lim, R.B., Blackburn, G.L., Jones, D.B., Benchmarking best practices in weight loss surgery.
Curr Probl Surg
2010;47:79–174.
20103467

10.
Keren, D., Matter, I., Rainis, T., et al, Getting the most from the sleeve: the importance of post-operative follow-up.
Obes Surg
2011;21:1887–1893.
21805193

11.
Franco, J.V.A., Ruiz, P.A., Palermo, M., et al, A review of studies comparing three laparoscopic procedures in bariatric surgery: sleeve gastrectomy, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and adjustable gastric banding.
Obes Surg
2011;21:1458–1468.
21455833
A good review of several series comparing the outcomes of these three popular operations.

12.
Dixon, J.B., O'Brien, P.E., Playfair, J., et al, Adjustable gastric banding and conventional therapy for type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial.
JAMA
2008;299:316–323.
18212316

13.
Mingrone, G., Castagneto-Gissey, L., Mechanisms of early improvement/resolution of type 2 diabetes after bariatric surgery.
Diabetes Metab
2009;35:518–523.
20152737

14.
Vetter, M.L., Cardillo, S., Rickels, M.R., et al. Narrative review: effect of bariatric surgery on type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Ann Intern Med
. 2009;150:94–103.

15.
le Roux, C.W., Welbourn, R., Werling, M., et al, Gut hormones as mediators of appetite and weight loss after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.
Ann Surg
2007;246:780–785.
17968169

16.
Tice, J.A., Karliner, L., Walsh, J., et al, Gastric banding or bypass?A systematic review comparing the two most popular bariatric procedures.
Am J Med
2008;121:885–893.
18823860

17.
Nocca, D., Krawczykowsky, D., Bomans, B., et al, A prospective multicenter study of 163 sleeve gastrectomies: results at 1 and 2 years.
Obes Surg
2008;18:560–565.
18317859

18.
Kueper, M.A., Kramer, K.M., Kirschniak, A., et al, Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy: standardized technique of a potential stand-alone bariatric procedure in morbidly obese patients.
World J Surg
. 2008;32(7):1462–1465.
18368447

19.
Sudan, R., Jacobs, D.O., Biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch.
Surg Clin North Am
2011;91:1281–1293.
22054154

20.
Scopinaro, N., Marinari, G.M., Camerini, G., Laparoscopic standard biliopancreatic diversion: technique and preliminary results.
Obes Surg
2002;12:241–244.
11975220

21.
Zhang, G.Y., Wang, T.T., Cheng, Z.Q., et al, Resolution of diabetes mellitus by ileal transposition compared with biliopancreatic diversion in a nonobese animal model of type 2 diabetes.
Can J Surg
2011;54:243–251.
21651839

22.
Skrekas, G., Antiochos, K., Stafyla, V.K., Laparoscopic gastric greater curve plication: results and complications in a series of 135 patients.
Obes Surg
2011;21:1657–1663.
21898042

23.
Mikami, D., Needleman, B., Narula, V., et al, Natural orifice surgery: initial US experience utilizing the StomaphyX device to reduce gastric pouches after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.
Surg Endosc
. 2010;24(1):223–228.
19633885

24.
Abdemur, A., Sucandy, I., Szomstein, S., et al, Understanding the significance, reasons and patterns of abnormal vital signs after gastric bypass for morbid obesity.
Obes Surg
2011;21:707–713.
20582574

25.
Abasbassi, M., Pottel, H., Deylgat, B., et al, Small bowel obstruction after antecolic antegastric laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass without division of small bowel mesentery: a single-centre, 7-year review.
Obes Surg
2011;21:1822–1827.
21656166

26.
Bauman, R.W., Pirrello, J.R., Internal hernia at Petersen's space after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: 6.2% incidence without closure – a single surgeon series of 1047 cases.
Surg Obes Relat Dis
2009;5:565–570.
19342309

27.
Tack, J., Arts, J., Caenepeel, P., et al, Pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of postoperative dumping syndrome.
Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol
2009;6:583–590.
19724252

28.
Hejazi, R.A., Patil, H., McCallum, R.W., Dumping syndrome: establishing criteria for diagnosis and identifying new etiologies.
Dig Dis Sci
2010;55:117–123.
19714467

29.
Niego, S.H., Kofman, M.D., Weiss, J.J., et al. Binge eating in the bariatric surgery population: a review of the literature.
Int J Eating Disorders
. 2007;40(3):349–359.

Index

NB: Page numbers followed by
f
indicate figures,
t
indicate tables and
b
indicate boxes.

A

Abdomen
See
Acute abdomen
Abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS),
237–240
,
238t
,
241f
,
242f
,
338–339
,
339b
abdominal perfusion pressure (APP),
240
definitions,
238
,
339b
IAP measurement,
239–240
pitfalls,
239–240
pathophysiology,
238
raised IAP, management,
240
,
241f
,
242f
general support,
240
reversible factors,
240
raised IAP, organ function,
238–239
cardiac function,
239
intracranial contents,
239
renal function,
238–239
respiratory function,
239
visceral perfusion,
239
raised IAP, surgery,
240
Abdominal hernias,
57–80
abdominal wall,
163
,
163f
aetiology,
57–58
antibiotic prophylaxis,
76–77
emergency surgery,
76
epigastric
See
Epigastric hernias
femoral
See
Femoral hernias
incisional
See
Incisional hernias
inguinal
See
Inguinal hernias
mesh repairs,
58–60
,
59f
infection, management,
77–78
post-site,
76
prophylactic surgery,
77
umbilical
See
Umbilical hernias
Abdominal pain, gastric band,
352–353
Abdominal perfusion pressure (APP),
240
,
339b
Abdominal sepsis,
328–343
chronic,
341
clinical manifestations,
331
,
331b
diagnosis,
331
,
332b
imaging,
332
incidence,
328
intestinal fistulas,
339–341
,
340b
pathophysiology,
328–329
,
329b
recognition,
329–330
systematic assessment,
330–331
,
331f
,
335
treatment strategies,
330
antibiotics,
332
damage control laparotomy (DCL),
336–337
early source control,
333
,
333b
intensive care unit (ICU),
334–335
,
334b
laparostomy,
337–338
,
338f
management bundle,
330
re-laparotomy,
337
re-operation,
335–336
,
336f
resuscitation bundle,
330
Surviving Sepsis Campaign,
330
,
330b
See also
Abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS)
Abdominal trauma,
229–267
assessment, emergency department,
230–231
diagnostic modalities,
231–233
,
231t
computed tomography (CT),
231–232
laparoscopy,
232
laparotomy,
232–233
peritoneal lavage (DPL),
232
radiography,
231
ultrasound,
232
interventional radiology,
249–251
management,
243–249
aorta/inferior vena cava,
246
colonic injury,
246–247
,
247b
extraperitoneal packing technique,
247–248
hepatic injury,
243–245
,
245f
pancreatic injury,
245–246
,
246b
pelvic fracture, complex,
247–248
,
248b
selective non-operative (SNOM),
248–249
operative management,
233–237
antibiotic prophylaxis,
243
,
243b
,
244b
,
245b
damage control laparotomy,
235–237
decision-making,
243
laparotomy,
233–235
,
233f
patient selection,
236
organ injury scaling systems,
240
,
254–267
penetrating injury,
249
,
250b
regional systems,
230
risk factors,
229
transport,
229–230
Abdominal vascular injury scale,
261t
Abdominal wall
neonatal defects,
223–224
reconstruction,
237
Aberdeen Varicose Vein Questionnaire,
25
Abscess
appendix,
173
,
173f
pelvic,
175
perianal
See
Perianal abscess
pilonidal,
209
,
209t
Academic units,
4–5
Acid suppression, peptic ulcers,
125
Acute abdomen
associated conditions,
84–85
,
84b
blood tests,
86
early assessment,
83–86
history/examination,
85–86
radiological investigations,
87–95
computed tomography (CT),
92–93
,
92f
,
93f
,
94f
contrast radiology,
87–91
laparoscopy,
94–95
,
94f
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),
94
plain radiology,
87
,
87f
,
88f
ultrasound (US),
91
,
91f
,
92f
Acute acalculous cholecystitis (ACC),
139–140
Acute anal fissure,
209–210
Acute appendicitis,
167–176
atypical presentation,
172–174
appendix abscess,
173
,
173f
appendix mass,
172–173
chronic appendicitis,
173–174
,
174f
pregnancy,
174
clinical features,
168–169
complications/outcome,
174–176
hospital stay,
174–175
septic,
175
wound infection,
175
differential diagnosis,
169–170
investigations,
169
,
169f
management,
170–172
surgical,
170–172
non-surgical,
172
pathology,
168
prognosis,
175–176
Acute cholangitis,
140–142
investigations,
141
management,
141–142
pathogenesis,
140
presentation,
140–141
Acute cholecystitis,
132–139
acute gallstone disease,
139
clinical presentation,
132–133
gallbladder torsion,
139
gallbladder/bile duct stones,
134–135
,
134f
,
135f
,
136f
pathogenesis,
132
radiological imaging,
133–134
,
133f
treatment,
136–139
,
137f
,
138f
Acute colonic diverticulitis,
91
,
191–193
investigations,
191–192
,
191f
management,
192–193
operative,
192–193
presentation,
191
,
191t
Acute colonic pseudo-obstruction (ACPO),
185–187
,
185b
aetiology,
185
investigations,
186
,
186f
management,
186–187
presentation,
185–186
Acute fluid collection, defined,
142b
Acute gallbladder disease,
134–135
,
134f
,
135f
,
136f
Acute gallstone disease,
139
Acute pancreatitis,
142–151
aetiology,
142
,
143b
,
144
,
144f
classification,
142b
clinical presentation,
143
,
143f
diagnosis,
143–144
,
143b
,
144f
gallstones,
150–151
management,
145
general guidelines,
145
imaging,
145
initial resuscitation,
145
severity stratification,
145
pathogenesis,
142–143
prognosis,
150
sequelae, management,
151
haemorrhage,
151
infected necrosis,
151
therapies,
145–150
antibiotics,
146–148
anticytokine,
150
enteral nutrition,
148–150
ERCP,
146
probiotic,
150
Acute pseudocysts, defined,
142b
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS),
324
ADEPT® (icodextrin),
162
Adrenal organ injury scale,
262t
Adrenaline,
49
Adult hernias
inguinal,
66–70
umbilical,
63
Advanced Trauma Life Support Programme (ATLS®), American College of Surgeons,
231
Age factors
day surgery,
44–45
venous thromboembolism (VTE),
271
Agency for Health Care Policy and Research,
14
,
14t
Air Medical Taskforce (NAEMSP),
229–230
Albumin,
312–313
Aldosterone,
309b
Alfentanil,
48
Alvarado Score, appendicitis,
225
American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST),
240
,
249
American College of Surgeons,
1
Advanced Trauma Life Support Programme (ATLS®),
231
Committee on Trauma,
230
National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Database,
81
,
291
,
291t
American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA),
44
,
101
patient classification,
45–46
,
45b
,
46t
,
52
,
53
,
290
,
290b
American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons,
210
American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN),
317
Amethocaine (tetracaine),
49
,
49t
Amikacin,
147
Amino acids,
308
,
310
,
318
branched-chain,
322
Amphotericin,
147
Anaerobic threshold (AT),
293–294
Anaesthesia, day case,
48–50
general,
49–50
local/regional,
49
,
49t
premedication,
48
sedation,
48
Anal fissure, acute,
209–210
Anastomotic dehiscence,
195–197
causes,
195
investigations,
196
management,
196–197
presentation,
195–196
Angio-embolisation
blunt splenic injury,
250
liver injury,
249–250
pelvic fracture, complex,
250–251
Angiography,
198–199
computed tomography pulmonary (CTPA),
277
magnetic resonance (MRA),
276
Anorectal emergencies,
204–214
acute anal fissure,
209–210
anatomy,
204
foreign bodies,
211–212
haemorrhage,
211
haemorrhoids,
210
thrombosed,
210–211
,
211t
perianal
See
Perianal abscess
pilonidal abscess,
209
,
209t
trauma,
211
Anorectal malformations,
219–220
Anthropometric measures,
312
Antibiotics,
141
,
146–148
,
192
abdominal conditions,
76–77
,
332
abdominal trauma,
243
,
243b
,
244b
,
245b
acute cholecystitis,
136–137
,
138
Anticoagulation
duration,
280–281
new oral,
274
venous thromboembolism (VTE),
278–280
Anticytokine therapy,
150
Antidiuretic hormone,
309b
Antiphospholipid syndrome (APLS),
270

Other books

Tale of Ginger and Pickles by Potter, Beatrix
Tantric Techniques by Jeffrey Hopkins
Facelift by Leanna Ellis
The Royal's Obsession by Sophia Lynn
Daring Her Love by Melissa Foster
Flirting With Disaster by Ruthie Knox
Fell of Dark by Patrick Downes
The Resort by Bentley Little
Finding Hannah by John R Kess