Daughters of the Samurai: A Journey From East to West and Back (49 page)

Hokkaido (Ezo), 27, 43, 47

Hokkaido Colonization Board, 43, 47, 49, 61, 104, 169

Honshu, 33, 38

Hoterukan, 119–20

Hototogisu
(Roka Tokutomi), 243

Howe, Julia Ward, 131

Howells, William Dean, 122–23

hyaku monogatari
(hundred tales), 20–21

Imperial Army, 170

Imperial Diet, 218–20, 271

Imperial Household Ministry, 204

imperialism, 236

Imperial Naval Academy, 115

Imperial Palace, 15, 51, 162, 217–18, 261

Imperial Rescript on Education, 229–30, 259

Indochina, 236

influenza, 242, 275

Inoue, Kaoru, 191, 198

“Instructions for the Very Young,” 25

Invitation to the Dance
(Weber), 276

Irwin, Robert, 168

“Is Labor a Blessing or a Curse?” (U. Tsuda), 197

Ito, Hirobumi, 47, 62–63, 64, 80, 85, 89, 93, 97, 192–93, 194, 197, 198–99, 200, 204, 209, 210, 219, 240, 252

Ito, Miss, 193, 194, 197, 203

Ito, Mrs., 193, 194, 197, 200, 201

Ito residence, 192, 194, 196, 203

Iwakura, Tomomi, 45, 46, 58, 70, 72, 73, 74, 75, 79–80, 84–85, 89, 92, 93, 97, 143

Chicago donation given by, 87

sons of, 79–80, 87–88

Iwakura Mission, 17, 46–47, 55, 100, 137, 177, 219, 220, 272, 284
n

American music and, 73–74

Americans’ interest in, 78–79, 86

in Chicago, 86–88

crossing of U.S. by, 82–88

departure of, 58–59, 184

and first impressions of U.S., 71–72

ocean voyage of, 59–60, 61–63, 192

purpose of, 59, 73, 93, 97

racially polarized U.S. and, 92

reunion of, 263–64

in Sacramento, 82–83

in Salt Lake City, 84–85, 192

in San Francisco, 69–82

scribe for,
see
Kume, Kunitake

sitting and, 72, 73

theater attended by, 76–77

U.S. arrival of, 69

in Washington, D.C., 88–91, 185

Iwakura Mission, ambassadors of, 70, 86, 143

as ambitious, 63

Grant’s reception for, 91, 92–93, 184

international travels of, 97–98

tours and entertainments for, 76–77, 78–79

Western-style suits of, 57, 75

wives not brought along by, 56

Iwakura Mission, girls of, 47, 48, 49–50, 59, 89, 95, 208, 268, 273

African Americans and, 77

American education of, 99, 109–10, 112, 117, 124–25, 127, 128, 129, 131, 135, 138, 139–40, 141–43, 147

American food and, 82

American women and, 78

appearance of, 15–16, 70, 86–87, 121

chaperone for travels of,
see
DeLong, Elida Vineyard

Christianity and, 102, 103–4, 114, 120–21, 153

Connecticut Avenue house of, 95–96, 98, 104

departure of, 56

education as purpose of, 17, 48, 51, 89, 93

English learned by, 95, 107, 112, 185

English not spoken by, 77, 95, 112

as indebted to Japan, 167, 176, 187–88, 194, 199, 207, 268

isolation of, 77, 82, 86, 87

Japanese spoken by, 98

Japanese-style dress of, 15–16, 50–51, 70, 77, 85, 86

in journey back to western U.S., 147–48

in journey to eastern U.S., 82, 85, 88

lack of preparation for, 57

as left behind in America, 98

as looked after by Lanmans, 90, 94, 98, 99, 123, 126, 134–35, 147

loss of Japanese identity by, 110, 116, 117, 153

Mori as guardian of, 98, 99–101, 105

neighborhood children and, 94

in ocean voyage from U.S., 151–53, 156–57

in ocean voyage to U.S., 59, 61–64, 192

photographs of,
13
, 52–53,
67
, 78, 121

piano lessons of, 95

recruitment of, 47–50, 53, 61

Ryo and Tei’s return home and, 101, 104

as samurai daughters, 50

separation of, 100, 104, 107

stipends for host families of, 103

as subject of newspapers, 53–54

theater attended by, 77–78

Western-style clothing for, 77, 87, 89, 93–94, 97, 104

see also
Oyama, Sutematsu Yamakawa; Tsuda, Ume; Ueda, Tei; Uriu, Shige Nagai; Yoshimasu, Ryo

Japan, Edo-era (1603–1868):

Christianity declared illegal in, 27

coastal batteries of, 29

commoners in, 28

economy in, 21

guns and gunsmithing as viewed in, 29

martial hierarchy in, 21–22, 23

trade within, 22

understanding of West lacked by, 31, 45

unequal trade agreements in, 30–31, 45

weapons in, 29

Westerners as viewed in, 30–31

xenophobia of, 27, 42

see also
Tokugawa shogunate

Japan, Japanese, 11

American occupation of, 81

American trade with, 28, 30, 73

British and, 30, 50

charity and, 110, 200–202, 237–38, 258

China/Chinese and, 27, 28, 74–75

Christianity in, 165, 168

customs/etiquette of, 72, 73, 154, 163–64, 165, 167, 168, 187, 195–96, 205, 214, 222, 223

Dutch and, 24, 27, 28, 30, 52

extreme topography of, 23

foreign commerce as viewed in, 27–30, 48

as global power, 270, 272

Great Kanto Earthquake in (1923), 275

marriage and, 167, 171, 172, 179, 248

obedience as important in, 25, 37, 43, 48, 128, 171, 186, 240

in racially polarized U.S., 92

Russia and, 27, 30

samurai population in, 21

schools for girls in, 12, 17, 163, 188, 190, 193, 199, 210–11, 257, 269–70;
see also
specific schools

suffrage in, 81

superstitions about photography in, 52

women and girls in,
see
women and girls

World War I and, 275

Japan, Meiji-era (1868–1912), 11–12, 42

American missionaries in, 189–90

appearance/dress of girls in, 15–16, 50–51

Boshin War in, 34–38

cholera epidemic in, 208, 215

Christianity banned in, 104, 105

as civilized nation, 40, 44

conversion to Christianity in, 153, 165, 188

education in, 163, 178, 185–86, 188, 190, 193, 199, 210–11, 229–30, 234–35, 247–48, 257, 260, 269–70

end of, 271

enlightenment as goal for, 55–56, 102, 153, 186, 198, 236, 239

exile of Aizu domain in, 38–39

Hoterukan and, 119–20

Imperial Diet of, 218–20

Iwakura Mission of,
see
Iwakura Mission

journalism in, 53–54, 62, 202, 209

Korea and, 236–37, 270

marriage and divorce laws in, 248

men’s Western-style clothing in, 17, 42, 57, 75

military in, 237–38

modernization and reform efforts of, 48, 52, 53–54, 80–81, 100, 106, 183–85, 236

National Exhibition in, 184

national security and, 236

Normanton
incident and, 209

patriotism in, 238–39, 257, 270

railway built in, 50, 162

reaction to
Japanese Girls and Women
in, 229

revival of conservative traditions in, 186–87, 229, 247, 248

Russia and, 239, 270

Russo-Japanese War (1904–5) and, 270

samurai class abolished in, 155

Sino-Japanese War (1894–95) and, 236–40, 257, 269

and travels to America and, 43–44, 46–47

Western agriculture and, 120

Westernization and, 43, 44–45, 48, 75, 183–84, 185, 186–87, 247

women’s personal grooming during, 17

Japanese Girls and Women
(A. M. Bacon and U. Tsuda), 228–29, 230, 231–32

Japanese Interior, A
(A. M. Bacon), 12, 230

Japanese mythology, 21

“Japanning,” 154
n

Japan Weekly Mail
, 224, 234–35, 261

Japonisme, 78

jinrikishas, 50, 161, 162, 182, 190, 194, 201, 211

JOAK (radio station), 276

Joshi Eigaku Juku,
see
Tsuda College

Kaga domain, 115

Kagoshima, 42, 184

Kaigan Jogakko, 190

Kamakura, 269

Kanda, Naibu, 173, 174–75, 189

Kawamura, Kiyo, 118

Keller, Helen, 250

Kido, Takayoshi, 47, 53–54

kimonos, 50–51, 77, 85, 164, 165, 168

Koishikawa, 60

Kokubunji, 277

Kokumin no tomo
, 239

Korea, 27, 236–37, 270

Kume, Kunitake, 47, 59, 62, 65, 69, 71–72, 74, 79, 82, 83, 84, 86, 87, 89

Kuroda, Kiyotaka, 42–44, 45, 47, 48, 99, 169–70, 219

Kyoto, 21, 23, 31, 51, 212, 223, 272

Kyushu, 33

Ladies’ Volunteer Nursing Association, 237

Lagler, Miss, 95

Lanman, Adeline, 97

death of, 272, 275

home of, 90–91, 117, 138

Iwakura girls looked after by, 90, 94, 96, 123, 126, 134–35, 147

as lavish, 116

Shige and, 126, 134, 139, 189, 204

Sutematsu and, 126, 134–35, 138

Ume’s correspondence with, 153, 156, 161, 164–65, 167, 170–71, 173–74, 180–82, 187–88, 190–93, 198, 200, 204–5, 207, 208–10, 213, 225–27, 241, 244, 249, 253, 255–57, 262–65, 268, 269

as Ume’s foster mother, 94, 101, 104–5, 116, 117, 189, 197

Ume’s notes written to, in U.S., 104, 116, 119, 135–36, 149, 151

Ume’s reunions with, 250, 272

Ume’s stay with, 91, 94, 101, 104–5, 116–19, 123, 124, 126, 134–35, 153, 166, 226

vacations of, 126, 134–35

Lanman, Charles, 149

death of, 241

home of, 90–91, 117, 138

Iwakura girls looked after by, 90, 94, 98, 99, 123, 126, 134–35, 147

as lavish, 116

Mori and, 89–90, 97

Ume and, 91, 94, 101, 104–5, 116–21, 123–25, 126, 153, 166, 192, 193, 197, 210, 226, 252

vacations of, 126, 134–35

Litchfield Hills, Conn., 111, 145

Little Lord Fauntleroy
(Burnett), 261

Little Red Riding Hood
, 262

London, 97, 250–51

Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth, 112, 114, 121

Long Island, N.Y., 125

Loring, Annie, 95, 96

Machinery Hall, 122

Maclagan, William Dalrymple, 252

Manchuria, 270

Manifest Destiny, 73

Masonic Temple, 91

Massachusetts, 100

Massachusetts Society for the University Education of Women, 230

Masuda, Eisaku, 173

Masuda, Shige,
see
Uriu, Shige Nagai

Masuda, Takanosuke, 60–61

Masuda, Takashi, 60–61, 139, 168, 172–73, 189, 202, 276

Masuda family, 173–74

Matsudaira, Katamori (Aizu daimyo), 34, 37, 38

Matsudaira clan, 23, 49

Matsushima
, 270

Medill, Joseph, 87

Meiji Emperor,
see
Mutsuhito

Meiji restoration, 33–34

Meirokusha, 188

Mendelssohn, Felix, 125, 132

Merchant of Venice, The
(Shakespeare), 173–75

Methodist Mission, 190

Mikado, The
(Gilbert and Sullivan), 208–9

millennium, 257

Miller, Martha “Mattie,” 117, 166

Ministry of Agriculture, Japanese, 241

Ministry of Education, Japanese, 49, 169, 172, 263, 269

Mishima, Yataro, 241–42, 243

Mishima (village), 61

Miss Abbott’s School, 113–14, 124, 176

Mitchell, Maria, 130–31

Mitsui Trading Company, 139, 276

Monfort, Maria, 109

Mori, Arinori, 44, 88–89, 91, 95, 106, 120, 210

assassination of, 220

as guardian of Iwakura girls, 98, 99–101, 105

Imperial Diet and, 219

Lanman and, 89–90, 97

Mormons, Mormonism, 84–85

Morris, Mary Harris, 226–27, 230, 256, 257

Morris, Wistar, 226

Morse, Samuel, 79

Mother at Home, The, or The Principles of Maternal Duty
(Abbott), 113

Motoda, Nagazane, 186

Motozonocho, Kojimachi, 263

Mount Holyoke College, 226

Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus, 132

music, western, 73–74, 169

Music Investigation Committee, 169

Mussolini, Benito, 282
n

Mutsuhito, Meiji Emperor of Japan, 17, 21, 33, 40, 51–52, 55, 60, 70, 119, 209, 216–17

birthday celebrations for, 191–92, 207, 216

Charter Oath of, 44–45

death of, 271–72

domains abolished by, 41

Imperial Diet of, 218–20

Imperial Rescript on Education of, 229–30

Japan declared unenlightened by, 55

Oyamas visited by, 233

as symbol of Japan’s rise, 272

Western-style military uniforms of, 185, 217

Nagai, Gen’ei, 61

Nagai, Shige,
see
Uriu, Shige Nagai

Nagano, Fumiakira, 284
n
-85
n

Nagano, Keijiro “Tommy,” 63–64, 91, 285
n

Nagasaki, trading post at, 24, 27, 52

Nagatacho, 193

National Guard, U.S., 79

Native Americans, 149

Naval Academy, U.S., 114–15, 135, 168, 189, 271

Negishi, 171

Netherlands, 28

Japanese trade with, 24, 27, 30, 52

New Hampshire, 274

New Haven, Conn., 12, 100–103, 105, 111, 112, 115, 116, 134, 140, 144, 146–47, 148, 162, 163, 200, 267, 271, 274

New Jersey, 80, 87

newspapers, 53–54

New York, N.Y., 45–46, 137

New York State, 254

New York Times
, 95, 138, 229, 238, 239

New York Tribune
, 138

Nightingale, Florence, 251, 252

Niijima, Joseph, 94–95

Nisshinkan, 24–25, 35

Norfolk, Conn., 231

Normanton
incident, 209

Northern Alliance, 60

Northrop, Birdsey Grant, 100, 101, 115–16

Norwich, Conn., 99

obedience, 25, 37, 43, 48, 128, 171, 186, 240

Oceanic
, 136

Ogden, Utah Territory, 83

Ogino, Ginko, 248

Okubo, Toshimichi, 47, 53, 64, 76, 93, 96

Omaha, Nebr., 86