Daughters of the Samurai: A Journey From East to West and Back (50 page)

Onden, 233, 242, 262

Onna daigaku
(“Greater Learning for Women” ), 25

opium, 150

Opium Wars, 27, 75

“Orientation of the Frog’s Egg, The,” 228

Orleans Hotel, 82

Oswego Normal School, 254

Our Society, 110, 200

Oxford University, 251

Oyama, Hisako “Chachan,” 202–3, 269, 271

Oyama, Iwao, 177, 200, 216, 243

ball hosted by, 195–96

death of, 274

foreign travels of, 198, 203, 264

Imperial Diet and, 219

proposal and marriage of, to Sutematsu, 178–82, 184
n
, 187, 196, 199, 225, 232

rank of, 206

Russo-Japanese War and, 270

Sino-Japanese War and, 236, 237, 239, 245

Takeo’s death and, 271

Oyama, Kashiwa, 222

Oyama, Nobuko, 241–43, 244

Oyama, Sutematsu Yamakawa, 12, 19, 20, 21, 23, 24, 25–26, 27, 31, 32, 33, 34–35, 38, 43, 57, 59, 60, 64,
67
, 71, 89, 99, 111, 219, 224, 266–67, 277

admirers of, 172, 174–75, 177–79

Alice and, 109, 114, 144, 151–52, 156, 163–64, 168, 170, 171, 173, 174–75, 176, 179, 180–81, 182, 193, 198, 199, 211, 212, 215, 216, 237–38, 242, 245, 254–55, 273, 274–75

American education of, 109–10, 112, 124–25, 127, 128, 129, 131, 135–36, 138, 139–40, 141–43, 225

appearance of, 121, 166

Bacon family and, 107, 108–9, 110, 125–26, 140

ball hosted by, 195–96

at Centennial Exhibition, 123, 179

character of, 132–33, 139, 275

charity work of, 110, 200–202, 237–38, 270

children of, 202–3, 208, 215, 216, 222, 241–43, 253, 270–71

Christianity and, 103–4

in Connecticut, 101, 103–4, 105–12, 115, 145–47, 175–76, 200

court visits of, 194, 198

death of, 275

education outside classroom of, 110

essays on Japan written by, 134, 140, 154–56

French lessons of, 181

Gaiyukai club and, 269

in Grove Hall Seminary, 109–10

in Hillhouse High School, 112, 124–25

Hototogisu
alter ego of, 243

as indebted to Japan, 176, 199, 207

Iwakura Mission recruitment of, 47–50, 53

at Iwakura Mission reunion, 264

Japanese Girls and Women
and, 229, 230, 231–32

Japanese identity of, 110, 154

Japanese practiced by, 110, 116, 131–32, 163

Japan understood by, 153–54

in journey back to western U.S., 147–49

Marian Whitney and, 111, 114

marriage and, 171, 172, 174–75, 179–81, 191

at Masudas’ party, 173–74, 176–77

as natural leader, 133

negative newspaper stories about, 215

noble rank of, 206

nursing charity sale organized by, 200–202

nursing school attended by, 145–46, 200, 242

in ocean voyage home, 151–53, 156–57

Oyama’s proposal and marriage to, 178–82, 184
n
, 187, 196, 199, 225, 232

Peeresses’ School and, 199–200

photographs of,
13
, 52–53,
67
, 78, 121, 143,
159
, 265

poor health of, 211, 215, 216

pregnancies of, 202–3, 215

reeducation in being Japanese of, 162, 163–64

in return to Japan, 144, 146, 156, 157, 161–63, 168, 169–70

Russo-Japanese War and, 270

sent to prison camp, 38, 48

Shige and, 107, 108, 109, 112, 131–32, 133, 138, 139, 141, 161, 164, 179, 183, 253, 267–68, 271, 273

Shige’s wedding and, 167–68

Shimoda and, 232–33

siege of Wakamatsu and, 36, 48, 96, 238

Sino-Japanese War victory and, 239

smoking and, 232

Takeo’s death and, 271

Tonami exile of, 38–39, 40, 48

on training children, 127–28

Tsuda College and, 259, 262, 269

Ume and, 108, 109, 115–16, 117, 133, 134–35, 138, 179, 182, 183, 189, 193, 198, 203–4, 210, 215, 235, 253, 273

as unable to read or write Japanese, 155, 175

Vassar attended by, 129, 131–34, 135–36, 138, 139–40, 163, 225, 226, 262, 266–67

Vassar commencement of, 141–43, 144, 147, 148, 179, 239

in Washington, D.C., 91, 95, 105

wedding of, 181–82, 192

Western-style clothing and, 215–16

withdrawal of, 215–16, 274–75

on women’s rights, 127

see also
Iwakura Mission, girls of

Oyama, Takashi, 215, 216, 270–71

Oyama family, 233, 241, 242, 244

Paris, 78

Peerage Act of 1884, 206

Peeresses’ School, 199, 200, 204–5, 209–12, 213, 225, 226, 232–33, 247, 249, 254, 256, 259

as conservative, 233, 245

Empress Haruko and, 199, 205–6, 220–22, 223

foreign dress required by, 213–14

Imperial Palace tour for, 217–18

mission statement of, 240

Peers’ Club,
see
Rokumeikan

Peers’ School, 217, 218

Pennsylvania, 234, 246

Pennsylvania Railroad, 226

Perinchief, Octavius, 120, 123–24

Perry, Matthew, 28–29, 30, 45, 48, 52, 54, 75, 115, 119, 236

Pescadores, 270

Philadelphia, Pa., 97, 225, 233, 253, 257

Centennial Exhibition in, 121–24, 179, 184

Philalethean Society, 134, 139–40, 154, 173

Philippines, 27

photography, Japanese superstitions about, 52

Pitman, Helen, 114, 168

Pitman, Leila, 114, 168

Pitman, Lizzie, 114, 168

Pitman family, 114, 115

Pocket Edition of Japanese Equivalents for the Most Common English Words, A
, 57

Pope, Alexander, 251

Popular Fairy Tales
, 261

Porter, Noah, 140

Portugal, 27, 29

“potato samurai,” 34, 41, 177

Poughkeepsie, N.Y., 128–34, 135–36, 138, 139–40, 141–43, 144, 148

Poughkeepsie Eagle
, 142, 271

Promontory Summit, 82

Protestants, Protestantism, 118

Pullman, George M., 82, 85

Quakers, 246

Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science
, 228

Radcliffe College, 144, 250

Raleigh, Walter, 106

“Recollections of Japanese Family Life” (Yamakawa Oyama), 154–55

Red Cross, 237, 275

Richardson Incident (1862), 42

Ritter, Frederick, 132, 136

ritual suicide, 25, 36, 37

Rockefeller Foundation, 275

Rokumeikan, 195–96, 200–202, 209, 263–64

Roosevelt, Theodore, 270

Rouge et Noir
, 76

Royal Italian Circus, 209

Russia, 27, 30, 43, 236, 270

Russian Orthodoxy, 48

Russo-Japanese War (1904–5), 270, 274

Rutgers Grammar School, 80

Sacramento, Calif., 82–83

Saigo, Takamori, 184

Saigo, Tsugumichi, 178, 184
n

St. Hilda’s Hall, 251

St. Petersburg, 133, 141

Salt Lake City, Utah, 84–85, 192

samurai, samurai families, 19, 89

abolished class of, 155

coastlines patrolled by, 27–28, 119

code of loyalty and honor of, 21

discipline of, 21, 26, 94

dolls collected by, 26

domain abolishment and, 41

as emperor’s intimate advisors, 51

farming and, 38

girls in, 34

as hereditary warrior class, 21

humiliation of, 39

intimacy and, 116

in Iwakura Mission, 63

money and, 28

morals of, 99

population of, 21

pride and, 110

as
shishi
, 31, 33

sleep and, 94

status of, 188

stipends provided to, 21, 28, 41

sword as signature weapon of, 29

training for, 39, 89

wives, 43

samurai culture, 21

samurai mansions (
bukeyashiki
), 19, 50

Sanders, Mr., 148

San Francisco, Calif., 65, 69–82, 104, 149–51, 164, 165–66, 192, 223

San Francisco Assaying and Refining Works, 76

San Francisco Bulletin
, 104

San Francisco Chronicle
, 72, 75, 77, 78, 136, 285
n

Sasaki, Takayuki, 64, 65, 285
n

Satsuma domain, 33, 34, 39, 41, 42, 53, 89, 169, 177, 178, 184, 244

Satsuma Rebellion, 184

Savell, Jeffrey and Margaret, 120–21

Sawabe, Takuma, 48

Schnell, John Henry, 56

Schubert, Franz, 132

Scott, Walter, 147

Scudder, Horace E., 228

Second Artillery Band, 73

Seito
, 272

Self-help
(Smiles), 185, 223

Serata, Tasuku, 168, 189

Seven Sisters, 129

Shakespeare, William, 106, 147, 173, 176, 251

Shakespeare Society, 133

Shanahan, Julia, 137–38

Sheffield Scientific School, 99

Shimbun Zasshi
, 54

Shimoda, Utako, 193, 196, 197, 198, 204, 207, 210–11, 232–33, 240

Shinagawa, 164

shishi, xenophobia of, 31, 33

shogun, 21

alternate attendance required by, 22

bureaucracy of, 33

daimyo and, 22

shishi
and, 31

see also
Tokugawa shogunate

Sierra Nevada, 83

Silas Marner
(Eliot), 261

Sino-Japanese War (1894–95), 236–40, 245, 257

Smiles, Samuel, 185, 186, 223, 230

Smith College, 128, 226

Society for the Collegiate Instruction of Women (Harvard Annex), 145

Soho, Tokutomi, 238–39, 248

Soper, Junius, 120

Southworth, Anne, 232

Spain, 27

Spenser, Edmund, 106

Squam Lake, N.H., 255

Stanton, Elizabeth Cady, 127, 131

“Star-Spangled Banner, The,” 122

State Central Woman Suffrage Committee of California, 81

State Department, U.S., 91, 92

Stebbins, Horatio, 81

Stephenson, Lucy, 117

study abroad:

in America, 43, 80, 87–88, 94, 99, 102, 114–15, 118, 227, 228–34

of Chinese, 100, 103, 111, 123

for men, 43, 44, 46, 80, 87–88, 89, 94, 99, 114–15, 118, 228

for women and girls, 17, 44, 48, 51, 99, 227, 228–34

see also
Iwakura Mission, girls of

suffrage, 81

Sugimoto, Etsu Inagaki, 7, 13, 67, 159

Sullivan, Arthur, 208

Sumner, Charles, 121

Suzuki, Utako, 259

Takaki, Mrs., 162

Takaki, Saburo, 142, 161–62

Takamine, Hideo, 253–54, 257

Tan Yaoxun (Yew Fun Tan), 111–12, 140

telegraph, 79

ten-men groups, 24–25

Tennyson, Alfred, Lord, 251

Thomas, Martha Carey, 227, 230, 231, 234, 250, 256, 257, 258, 260

Tokugawa, Iesada (shogun), 30

Tokugawa, Ieyasu (shogun), 21, 27

Tokugawa, Ieyoshi (shogun), 30

Tokugawa, Yoshinobu (shogun), 32, 33

Tokugawa family, 23

Tokugawa shogunate, 21–22, 24, 26–30, 61, 217

American travels and, 45

antiforeign stance of, 27

Christianity declared illegal by, 27

end of, 33, 41

foreigners and, 28

guns and, 29

isolationist policies of, 30

opposition to, 31, 32, 33

peace in rule of, 23, 27, 28

see also
Japan, Edo-era

Tokyo (Edo), 12, 22, 23, 30, 52, 60, 95, 115, 119, 146, 184, 225, 226, 274

American missionaries in, 189–90

cannons in, 29

cholera epidemic in, 208, 215

city name changed to, 40

Emperor and Empress relocation to, 51

Great Kanto Earthquake in (1923), 275

influenza in, 242, 275

Iwakura girls’ recruitment in, 48, 49–50

jinrikishas in, 50, 162

Tokugawa shogunate headquarters in, 21

Tokyo Charity Hospital, 200, 202

Tokyo Imperial University, 162

Tokyo Music School, 169, 189, 235

Tonami, 38–39, 40, 47, 48, 49

Townsend House, 84, 85

Toyo Jojuku, 193

Toyotomi, Hideyoshi, 237

Tremont House, 87, 288
n

Triple Intervention, 239

True Account of the Ambassador Extraordinary & Plenipotentiary’s Journey of Observation through the United States of America and Europe
(Kume), 47

Tsuda, Fuki, 210, 240–41

Tsuda, Hatsuko, 94, 116–17, 203

Tsuda, Koto, 58, 116–17, 120, 165, 166, 190, 269

Tsuda, Sen, 57–58, 95, 116, 118, 119–20, 166, 169, 170–71, 188–89, 190, 195, 204, 229, 246, 258, 266

Tsuda, Tomi, 203

Tsuda, Ume, 12,
13
, 49, 50, 53, 57–58, 59–60, 62,
67
, 71, 78, 89, 95, 98, 172, 202, 206–7, 219, 224

Adeline Lanman as foster mother to, 94, 101, 104–5, 116, 117, 189, 197

Adeline Lanman’s reunions with, 250, 272

Alice and, 211–13, 214, 216, 220, 221, 226–27, 228–29, 235, 238, 239, 241, 242, 248–49, 250, 254, 267–68, 275

American education of, 117–18, 135, 138, 147, 227, 228–29, 234

American identity of, 153, 154, 208

on American missionaries in Tokyo, 189–90

American scholarship program and, 230, 234, 235, 247

Anna Hartshorne and, 228, 234, 246–47, 250, 269, 275–76

appeal of West to, 119–20

appearance of, 121, 147, 166–67

appointed to Board of Examiners for English Teaching Certificates, 263

Archer Institute attended by, 138, 147

articles on women’s education written by, 234–35, 247–49

biology studied by, 228

Bryn Mawr attended by, 227, 228–29, 234, 246, 250, 258

at Centennial Exhibition, 123, 124, 179

Charles Lanman and, 91, 117, 118–19, 120–21, 166, 192, 193, 197, 210, 252

on Chinese people, 149–50, 152

Christianity of, 120–21, 153

death of, 276

diabetes of, 273

at emperor’s birthday celebration, 191–92

during empress’s visit to school, 221, 222

in England, 250–52

in first return to Japan, 147, 151, 153, 156, 157, 161, 162, 167, 168, 169–71