Delphi (72 page)

Polycrates of Samos,
97

Polydeucion,
230
,
242

Polygnota,
198
,
206

Polygnotes,
128
,
192

Polyzalus of Gela,
123

Pompeii,
252

Pompey,
200

Pomtow, Hans,
265
–
66
,
273
,
275

Poppaeus Sabinus,
207

Poseidon,
35

pottery.
See
ceramics

Pouilloux, Jean,
277

Praxias,
153

Praxo,
189

preservation of site,
275
; environmental degradation and,
283
; research and,
284

Price, Simon,
24

Priestess of Delphi
(Collier),
22
, Plate IV

priests,
18
–
19
,
27
–
28
,
312n25

processions: during Pythaïs festival,
204
; routes for,
136
,
157

prohedria,
85

promanteia,
15
,
85
,
147
; Aetolia and,
165
,
169
; Athens and,
131
,
155
; of the Chians,
173
,
294
; Cyrene and,
160
; Philip II of Macedon and,
155
; revoked,
155
; Sparta and,
131
; Thebes and,
148

Prometheus Unbound
(Aeschylus),
277
,
371n16

prophetes,
19

protection of site: legal,
257
–
58

proxenia,
165
–
66
,
179
,
183
; Athens and,
178
; and decline of Delphic influence,
193
; as political tool,
344n6
; as reflection of Delphi's attitude toward recipient,
172
; Rome and,
185
; Spartans and,
199

Prusias II of Bithynia,
251n17

prytaneum,
143

Psi figurines,
44

Ptolemies of Egypt,
173
,
176
,
184
,
347n32
,
348n48
; control of Greek territories by,
184

Punic Wars,
175
,
179
–
80
,
184

purification,
20
,
63
; of Apollo,
35
; springs at Delphi and ritual,
13
,
15

Pydna, battle of,
190
,
193
; dedication commemorating victory,
299
–
300

Pylaioi,
174

Pyrrhus of Epirus,
173
,
175

Pythaïs festival,
194
–
95
,
204
,
299
; hymn inscription,
299
; procession,
204

Pythia: access to,
90
,
135
,
136
; and arbitration of disputes,
58
,
135
–
36
,
138
,
140
,
174
; as authority on ritual practices,
86
,
155
–
56
; and competition among oracles,
39
–
40
; decline of influence,
336n19
; discover of “lost” oracles,
145
; establishment of,
48
,
53
–
54
; “forced” prophecy,
20
–
21
,
311n13
; as fraud,
22
–
23
,
27
–
28
; in literature,
285
–
86
; longevity and,
39
,
41
–
42
,
132
; “madness” of the,
21
–
22
,
312n34
; as “management consultant,”
30
,
55
,
57
; myths linked to,
319n8
; operation during reconstruction,
96
–
97
; “peristyle house” as residence of,
214
; political roles of (
see
political roles of oracle
;
politics
); as religious authority,
364n33
; reputation of,
26
–
27
,
30
,
39
–
42
,
61
,
63
,
127
–
28
,
132
,
142
,
145
,
210
,
285
,
336n19
; selection of,
12
,
312n26
,
315n14
; “vapors” and inspiration of,
20
–
24
,
211
,
284
,
357n18
.
See also
consultation of the Pythia

Pythian, meaning of epithet,
32

Pythian games,
73
,
75
,
79
–
80
,
123
–
24
,
142
,
174
; 20th century revival of,
277
; access to,
169
; agonothetes, role of,
213
; boycotted by Athens,
155
; canceled during Sulla's campaign,
198
; commemoration of victories at,
174
; decline in attendance,
237
; as economic enterprise,
236
–
37
; “export” of,
236
–
38
; funding of,
72
; gymnasium and stadium built for,
157
–
59
,
158
; Jason of Pherai and intent to preside over,
145
; Nero as competitor in,
209
–
10
; as Pan-Greek occasion,
76
; Perseus and,
189
; Philip II of Macedon and,
155
; popularity of,
183
–
84
,
197
; returned to Greek control,
213
; as Soteria festival,
175
–
76
; theater constructed for,
295
–
296
; victors list compiled,
159
; women as competitors in,
209

Pythian Odes,
73

pythioi,
56

Pytho (serpent),
35
,
36
,
121
,
316n30

quarries,
95
,
235
,
285

Quintus Fabius Pictor,
179

Raikes, Henry,
255

“Red house”
(maison rouge),
64
,
74

Regilla (wife of Herodes Atticus),
230

Replat, Joseph,
274
–
75

Revett, Nicholas,
252

Rhegion,
123

Rhodes,
184
; border dispute arbitrated by,
188
; sculpture of Helios dedicated by,
160
(another one collect)

Rhodopis,
87
–
88
,
219

Robertson, Noel,
72

rock of the Sibyl: discovery and excavation of,
272

Romaia festival,
187
,
220
,
350n14

Rome,
173
; Achean War,
193
; consultation of Delphi by,
168
–
69
,
179
–
80
; control and management of Delphi,
194
–
96
,
213
,
226
; dedications by,
168
,
175
,
179
,
184
–
85
,
190
,
193
,
203
–
4
,
223
; defeat of Antiochus and allies,
185
–
86
; defeat of Carthage,
193
; as enemy of Greece,
180
; and “liberation” of Delphi,
186
,
190
; and “liberation” of Greece,
184
–
85
,
209
,
211
; occupation of Delphi by,
189
–
90
; and Perseus of Macedon,
189
–
90
; Philip V of Macedon as enemy or ally of,
185
; and Punic Wars,
179
–
80
; relationship with Delphi,
168
–
69
,
201
–
2
,
203
–
14
; Romaia festival at Delphi,
187
; unified Greece as part of empire,
205
–
6
; “unipolar” domination of Mediterranean by,
190
–
91
,
193

roofing styles,
86
–
87
,
329n50

Ross, Ludwig,
257

running track,
213
,
224
–
26

sacred space: activities prohibited in sanctuary,
348n45
; adyton as restricted space,
18
; agriculture on sacred land,
183
,
226
; boundary markers and definition of,
66
; cultivation of sacred land,
71
–
72
,
73
,
75
,
80
,
151
,
161
,
169
; dedicators attempts to monopolize,
127
; definition of boundaries for,
196
; entryways into,
66
,
103
,
242
,
246
,
294
,
347n28
; land belonging to Apollo,
210
; manipulation of dedicatory landscape within sanctuary,
167
; monopolization of,
176
,
293
; paths and movement within,
103
; placement of dedications and rivalry among dedicators,
166
; reorganization and repositioning of dedications,
173
; structures and definition of,
74
–
75
,
87
; visibility and domination of,
87
; walls and definition of,
177

Sacred War,
72
; First,
71
–
74
,
144
–
45
; Second,
130
–
32
; Third,
149
–
51
; Fourth,
161
–
62
; Alcmaeonids and,
131
–
32
; Amphictyony and,
144
–
45
; in literature,
72
–
73
,
160
; and status of Delphi,
286

“sacred way,”
103
,
246
,
293
,
299
;
331n23
,
299

sacrifice,
15
,
17
–
21
,
26
,
47
,
67
–
68
,
364n33
; altars for,
94
; and consultation of the Pythia,
15
,
17
–
21
,
364n33
; Croesus and human,
84

sacrilege: accusations of,
148
–
49
; theft and,
148
–
49
,
199

Salamis,
81
; battle at,
117
,
120

Salamis Apollo,
120
,
295
; location of,
16

Samnite Wars,
168
–
69

Samos,
46
–
47
; sanctuaries at,
173

Samos, sanctuary at,
47

Sarapion,
217

Sarcophagus of Meleager,
231
–
32
,
232
,
257
,
296

Sardinia,
132

Sardis,
179
,
229

Satyrus of Samos,
184
,
349n3

scandals,
114
–
16
,
195
–
96
; bribes,
25
,
100
–
101
,
111
–
12
,
114
–
16
,
134
,
141
; during Persian invasion,
114
–
16

Sciathus, inscription of,
17
,
141
,
311n16

Scipio Africanus (P. Cornelius Scipion),
350n12

Scordisci,
199

sculpture: Aetolian monument style at Delphi,
176
; cultural homogeneity and,
77
; as dedications,
87
–
88
; and definition of community identity,
133
; Elgin and Parthenon marbles,
256
; kouroi statues,
110
; kouros/kore style,
77
; on metope panels,
82
; paint and metal embellishment of,
107
; pedimental sculptures,
102
,
103
,
298
; reconstruction depicting placement of,
129
; Roman copies of Greek works,
362n15
.
See also
Specific dedications

Scylla and Hydra group,
210
–
11

Scyros,
126

Sebasta festival,
220

Second Punic War,
179
–
80

Second Sacred War,
130
–
32

Seleucids,
173
,
185

Seleucius II,
347n32

Septerion festival,
221

Septimus Severus,
235

serpent column.
See
Plataean serpent column

serpent of Delphi,
35
,
36
,
121
; and Christian myth of St. George,
248

Seven Sages,
138
,
184
,
362n13

shields: as dedications,
67
–
68
,
111
,
113
,
128
,
160
,
171
–
72
,
185
,
332n39
,
346n25
; in Museum,
296